K. Hoshino – författare

The essays in this volume, while exploring bioethical issues bearing on death and dying, the use of scarce resources, and genetic interventions, also implicitly compare approaches to bioethics in Japan versus Western countries. This volume provides a cross-cultural comparison of Japanese, American and European approaches to bioethics and health care policy. In a world of international bioethics, it explores the similarities and dissimilarities between bioethics in Japan and the Western world. The collection gives both a portrayal of current approaches as well as an analysis of the character and grounds for the similarities and dissimilarities. The similarities reflect attempts to find morally justified bases for collaboration when individuals do not share taken-for-granted understandings of the proper use of health care, the meaning or form of a good death, and the correct ways to collaborate. Similarities also derive from Western bioethical reflections that have been exported to Japan, which, for better or worse, have entered and altered traditional Japanese understandings. Japan and the West have been exposed to the post-traditional character of the age.Many of the dissimilarities stem from the fact that Japan remains in large measure a traditional society with strong ties to family, culture and community. Japanese share many common understandings of values, while the West has long struggled with moral diversity. These essays explore particular bioethics, which reflect particular moral commitments, as contributions to the emerging international dialogue concerning bioethics and health care policy.

In Japan, cadaveric donor liver transplantation is not common even though cadaveric organ transplantation was legally established in 1998. In contrast, the number of living donor liver transplantations is increasing, with more than 1700 cases at 43 Japanese institutes by November 2001. Indications for and have become living donor liver transplantation are widening in Japan similar to those for cadaveric donor liver transplantation in the United States and Europe. At the same time, split liver transplantation from cadaveric donors shares some technical aspects with living donor liver transplantation. Remarkable progress has been reported recently, and thus it was an auspicious time to hold a symposium on "Current issues in liver/small bowel transplantation" in Japan. We were honored to hold a very fruitful symposium sponsored by the Keio University Medical Science Fund and to bring together top-rank transplant surgeons from Japan and other countries. It was a productive and rewarding time for all participants. We were able to share our experience through excellent presentations followed by active discussions and insightful com­ ments. At the symposium, we focused on current issues in liver transplanta­ tion such as widening indications for viral hepatitis and malignant tumors. We also discussed technical aspects and physiological problems in split/iiving donor liver transplant, novel strategies in immunosuppression, and the current status and future prospects in small bowel transplantation. This book contains the papers from all the distinguished guest speakers, focusing on the topics discussed at the symposium.

In Japan, cadaveric donor liver transplantation is not common even though cadaveric organ transplantation was legally established in 1998. In contrast, the number of living donor liver transplantations is increasing, with more than 1700 cases at 43 Japanese institutes by November 2001. Indications for and have become living donor liver transplantation are widening in Japan similar to those for cadaveric donor liver transplantation in the United States and Europe. At the same time, split liver transplantation from cadaveric donors shares some technical aspects with living donor liver transplantation. Remarkable progress has been reported recently, and thus it was an auspicious time to hold a symposium on "Current issues in liver/small bowel transplantation" in Japan. We were honored to hold a very fruitful symposium sponsored by the Keio University Medical Science Fund and to bring together top-rank transplant surgeons from Japan and other countries. It was a productive and rewarding time for all participants. We were able to share our experience through excellent presentations followed by active discussions and insightful com­ ments. At the symposium, we focused on current issues in liver transplanta­ tion such as widening indications for viral hepatitis and malignant tumors. We also discussed technical aspects and physiological problems in split/iiving donor liver transplant, novel strategies in immunosuppression, and the current status and future prospects in small bowel transplantation. This book contains the papers from all the distinguished guest speakers, focusing on the topics discussed at the symposium.

With remarkable progress being reported in living donor liver transplants and small bowel transplantation, the 9th Keio International Symposium for Life Sciences and Medicine was auspiciously timed. Titled "Current Issues in Liver/Small Bowel Transplantation," the Tokyo symposium brought together researchers from Japan and other parts of the world. This volume is a compilation of papers from the symposium, organized into five key areas of interest to medical professionals: Technical aspects and physiological problems in split/living donor liver transplantation; Viral hepatitis and liver transplantation; Current status and future prospects in small bowel transplantation; Liver transplantation for malignant hepatic tumors; and Novel strategies in immunosuppression. Containing the most up-to-date information on these vital issues, the book is an essential resource for all researchers and practitioners concerned with liver and small bowel transplantation.

The essays in this volume, while exploring bioethical issues bearing on death and dying, the use of scarce resources, and genetic interventions, also implicitly compare approaches to bioethics in Japan versus Western countries. This volume provides a cross-cultural comparison of Japanese, American and European approaches to bioethics and health care policy. In a world of international bioethics, it explores the similarities and dissimilarities between bioethics in Japan and the Western world. The collection gives both a portrayal of current approaches as well as an analysis of the character and grounds for the similarities and dissimilarities. The similarities reflect attempts to find morally justified bases for collaboration when individuals do not share taken-for-granted understandings of the proper use of health care, the meaning or form of a good death, and the correct ways to collaborate. Similarities also derive from Western bioethical reflections that have been exported to Japan, which, for better or worse, have entered and altered traditional Japanese understandings. Japan and the West have been exposed to the post-traditional character of the age.Many of the dissimilarities stem from the fact that Japan remains in large measure a traditional society with strong ties to family, culture and community. Japanese share many common understandings of values, while the West has long struggled with moral diversity. These essays explore particular bioethics, which reflect particular moral commitments, as contributions to the emerging international dialogue concerning bioethics and health care policy.