Marija Ilic - Böcker

Sustainable energy services to customers - a balanced choice and coordination of energy generated by traditional and alternative sources - are the subject of this new innovative book. The myriad factors involved in modeling an effective sustainable power system are overwhelming. The “Green Islands” project represents a decade of work by over a dozen researchers who have developed a model designed to utilize the potential of distributed clean resources. The key is the proper use of Information Technology (IT). Sited on two islands in the Azores, the project developed the model of careful forecasting of demand and supply, down to the minute, coordinating the output of conventional power plants, wind energy, fly wheels, hydroelectricity, demand reduction, and even plug-in electric vehicles to take full advantage of the clean resources available. The energy contingencies of the remote islands are not unique. The issues of integrating promising clean technologies, such as wind, into a complex power grid are challenging in geographically far-flung, island-scale, power systems. Model-based sensing, communications, and decision-making algorithms to coordinate adaptive load management (ALM) could enable customers to utilize just-in-time (JIT), just-in-place (JIP), and just-in-context (JIC) energy resources. The distribution of flexible and efficient energy to customers is the goal. The model the authors have developed could change the way power portfolios are built. A new perspective for optimization of green energy is presented in this book. Additional data provided online via Springer represents a repository of real-world electric energy systems and its IT-enabled smarts.

The challenges facing participants in competitive electricity markets are staggering: high price volatility introduces significant financial risk into an industry accustomed to guaranteed rates of return, while illiquid forward markets prevent effective hedging strategies from being implemented. This title examines the unique properties which separate electricity from other traded commodities, including the lack of economical storage, and the impact of a scarce transmission network. The authors trace the sources of uncertainties in the price of electricity to underlying physical and economic processes, and incorporate these into a bid-based model for electricity spot and forward prices. They also illustrate how insufficient market data can be circumvented by using a combination of price and load data in the marking- to-market process. The model is applied to three classes of problems central to the operation of any electric utility or power marketer; valuing generation assets, formulating dynamic hedging strategies for load serving obligations, and pricing transmission contracts and locational spread options.Emphasis is placed on the difference between trades which can be "booked out" in the forward markets, and those which must be carried through to delivery. Lately, significant attention has been given to the role of regulators in mitigating excessive price levels in electricity markets. The authors conduct a quantitative analysis of the long-term effects of regulatory intervention through the use of price caps. By modeling the dynamic interplay between the observed price levels and the decision to invest in new generation assets, it is shown how such short term fixes can lead to long term deficits in the available generation capacity, and ultimately to market failures and blackouts.

The restructuring of the power industry has already begun and will be fully implemented in the United States and many other countries by the beginning of the 21st century. Unlike other sectors of the economy, restructuring of the utility industry requires a careful analysis because of the nature of the real-time operations. This book attempts to address the problems inherent in such a task in a coherent manner. The topics discussed include evolving market structures, mechanisms for implementation of the market requests, price incentives and transaction adjustments, and secure and optimal operation of the system under open access. Many technical, economic and regulatory questions related to making services market-based are addressed, and transmission provision-related market power problems are analyzed in detail. This text should be a useful resource for power systems engineers, educators, system operators, managers, planners and researchers working in the field.

The restructuring of the power industry has already begun and will be fully implemented in the United States and many other countries by the beginning of the 21st century. Unlike other sectors of the economy, restructuring of the utility industry requires a careful analysis because of the nature of the real-time operations. This book addresses the problems inherent in such a task in a cohesive manner. The topics discussed include currently evolving market structures, mechanisms for implementation of the market requests, price incentives and transaction adjustments, and secure and optimal operation of the system under open access. Many technical, economic and regulatory questions related to making services market-based are addressed, and transmission provision-related market power problems are analyzed in considerable detail. The contributors are drawn from academia and industry and are internationally recognized in their fields. Power Systems Restructuring: Engineering and Economics will be an invaluable resource for power systems engineers, educators, system operators, managers, planners and researchers working in the field.

The series Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage technology transfer in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology impacts all areas of the control discipline. New theory, new controllers, actuators, sensors, new industrial processes, computer methods, new applications, new philosophies . . . , new challenges. Much of this development work resides in industrial reports, feasibility study papers and the reports of advanced collaborative projects. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of such new work in all aspects of industrial control for wider and rapid dissemination. Deregulation of electricity markets is a worldwide activity with leading and distinctive developments occurring in the European and US markets. The immediate impact of these changes is felt in the higher levels of the power production hierarchy where tools to aid short-term economic decision making are needed. At the lower levels of the production control hierarchy the impact is to demand much more flexible unit operation so that the determined short-term goals can be met. Allen and Illic have produced this useful monograph on the decision algorithms needed to determine unit commitment proflles over the shorter time frame of hours and days. The method of dynamic programming has been used and the work covers modelling, cost function and construction, an introduction to dynamic programming and a detailed assessment of its use. The monograph comes complete with programs in Appendix D and with other appendices giving the necessary supporting theory.

Deregulation is causing dramatic change in the power industry but little is known about how power systems will function under competition. What are suitable performance objectives? What control designs are required and what economic techniques should be used? This detailed analysis attempts to answer these questions. The authors provide a modelling, analysis and systems control framework that makes it possible to relate distinctive features of the electric power industry to more conventional supply/demand processes in other industries. Some parts of the system can be distributed while other parts must remain co-ordinated. This authoritative and detailed study is highly topical and will be of interest to those working in the systems control area, especially in electrical power. It is also most relevant for industrial economists as well as academics in electrical power engineering.