Michèle Finck – författare

This book explores the role and status of local and regional authorities (also referred to as 'subnational authorities' or 'SNAs') in European Union law, and reveals the existence of two parallel yet opposed constitutional imaginations of the supranational legal order. Through a survey of various areas of EU law, including primary and secondary legislation, case law as well as various soft law instruments, Finck introduces two narratives. These are the 'outsider narrative' and the 'insider narrative' that frame these constitutional imaginations. According to the outsider narrative, the structure of the legal order is bi-centric, composed of the member states and the EU only. This narrative envisages SNAs as outsiders of EU law, whose interactions with Union law are merely of an indirect nature. However, in addition to this well-known account of EU law, a parallel yet distinct narrative can be identified according to which SNAs are insiders that entertain direct relations with the European Union and contribute to the substantive development of EU law. It is illustrated that the coexistence of both narratives has wider implications as it points towards a shift in the structure of the European legal order itself, which is transitioning from bi-centricity to polycentricity.

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act is the first regulation of its kind in the world, creating a new legal regime amid the rapidly evolving landscape of AI. This book provides an article-by-article commentary on the Act, offering a singular, cohesive perspective on its complex provisions.The analysis covers the final legislative text, as well as the relevant implementing acts and emerging soft law, which will provide insight into the Act's practical application and regulatory implications. Each provision is rigorously examined and contextualized within various areas of EU law including product liability regulation, fundamental rights, and data protection, as well as the evolving landscape of AI governance. A key resource for legal practitioners, academics, and policymakers, this commentary delivers a detailed and coherent interpretation of the EU AI Act within its wider legal and technological context.

This book adds a critical perspective to the legal dialogue on the regulation of ‘smart urban mobility’. Mobility is one of the most visible sub-domains of the ‘smart city’, which has become shorthand for technological advances that influence how cities are structured, public services are fashioned, and citizens coexist. In the urban context, mobility has come under pressure due to a variety of different forces, such as the implementation of new business models (e.g. car and bicycle sharing), the proliferation of alternative methods of transportation (e.g. electric scooters), the emergence of new market players and stakeholders (e.g. internet and information technology companies), and advancements in computer science (in particular due to artificial intelligence). At the same time, demographic changes and the climate crisis increase innovation pressure. In this context law is a seminal factor that both shapes and is shaped by socio-economic andtechnological change. This book puts a spotlight on recent developments in smart urban mobility from a legal, regulatory, and policy perspective. It considers the implications for the public sector, businesses, and citizens in relation to various areas of public and private law in the European Union, including competition law, intellectual property law, contract law, data protection law, environmental law, public procurement law, and legal philosophy.Chapter 'Location Data as Contractual Counter-Performance: A Consumer Perspective on Recent EU Legislation' of this book is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.