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Molecular Anthropology
Genes and Proteins in the Evolutionary Ascent of the Primates
Häftad, Engelska, 2013
1 064 kr
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In 1962 at the Burg Wartenstein Symposium on "Classification and Human Evolution," Emile Zuckerkandl used the term "molecular anthropology" to characterize the study of primate phylogeny and human evolution through the genetic information contained in proteins and polynucleotides. Since that time, our knowledge of molecular evolution in primates and other organisms has grown considerably. The present volume examines this knowledge especially as it relates to the phyletic position of Homo sapiens in the order Primates and to the trends which shaped the direction of human evolution. Participants from the disciplines of protein and nucleotide chemistry, genetics, statistics, paleon tology, and physical anthropology held cross-disciplinary discussions and argued some of the major issues of molecular anthropology and the data upon which these arguments rest. Chief among these were the molecular clock controversy in hominoid evolution; the molecular evidence on phylogenetic relationships among primates; the evolution of gene expression regulation in primates; the relationship of fossil and molecular data in the Anthropoidea and other pri mates; the interpretation of the adaptive significance of evolutionary changes; and, finally, the impact on mankind of studies in molecular anthropology. Most of the papers in this volume were presented in a preliminary form at Symposium No. 65 on "Progress in Molecular Anthropology" held at Burg Wartenstein, Austria, from July 25 to August 1, 1975. These papers were subsequently revised and some additional papers related to the theme of the symposium were also contributed to this volume.
536 kr
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George H. F. Nuttall pioneered the study of phylogeny through the ge- netically encoded sequence structures of proteins. His classic monograph, Blood Immllnity and Blood Relationship, was published in 1904. The findings described in this monograph testified that immunologic compar- isons of serum proteins could help reveal the phyletic relationships of primates and other animals. Although Nuttall had no way of knowing that a correspondence between the nucleotide sequences of genes and the amino acid sequences of proteins was the genetic basis for the immuno- logic specificities of animal sera, he clearly saw the implications of his findings. Thus he wrote in the introduction of his monograph, "The per- sistence of the chemical blood-relationship between the various groups of animals serves to carry us back into geological times, and I believe we have but begun the work along these lines, and that it will lead to valuable results in the study of various problems of evolution. " Nuttall's prophecy is being fulfilled. Through the first two-thirds of the 20th century immu- nology led the way in the molecular analysis of the phyletic relationships of animal taxa above the species level.Amino acid sequencing of proteins began in earnest during the 1960s. It overtook immunology during the 1970s and provided more exact molecular data for investigating the history of life and the forces of chance and selection which drive evolution.