S. Hutton – författare

Contrary to the widespread view that women exercised economic autonomy only in widowhood, Hutton argues that marital status was not the chief determinant of women's economic activities in the mid-fourteenth century and that women managed their own wealth to a far greater extent than previously recognized.

Contrary to the widespread view that women exercised economic autonomy only in widowhood, Hutton argues that marital status was not the chief determinant of women''s economic activities in the mid-fourteenth century and that women managed their own wealth to a far greater extent than previously recognized.

Of all the Cambridge Platonists, Henry More has attracted the most scholar­ ly interest in recent years, as the nature and significance of his contribution to the history of thought has come to be better understood. This revival of interest is in marked contrast to the neglect of More's writings lamented even by his first biographer, Richard Ward, a regret echoed two centuries after his 1 death. Since then such attention as there has been to More has not always served him well. He has been dismissed as credulous on account of his belief in witchcraft while his reputation as the most mystical of the Cambridge 2 school has undermined his reputation as a philosopher. Much of the interest in More in the present century has tended to focus on one particular aspect of his writing. There has been considerable interest in his poems. And he has come to the attention of philosophers thanks to his having corresponded with Descartes. Latterly, however, interest in More has been rekindled by renewed interest in the intellectual history of the seventeenth century and Renaissance. And More has been studied in the context of seventeenth-cen­ tury science and the wider context of seventeenth-century philosophy. Since More is a figure who belongs to the Renaissance tradition of unified sapientia he is not easily compartmentalised in the categories of modern disciplines. Inevitably discussion of anyone aspect of his thought involves other aspects.

MURIEL MCCARTHY This volume originated from a seminar organised by Richard H. Popkin in Marsh's Library on July 7-8, 1994. It was one of the most stimulating events held in the Library in recent years. Although we have hosted many special seminars on such subjects as rare books, the Huguenots, and Irish church history, this was the first time that a seminar was held which was specifically related to the books in our own collection. It seems surprising that this type of seminar has never been held before although the reason is obvious. Since there is no printed catalogue of the Library scholars are not aware of its contents. In fact the collection of books by late seventeenth and early eighteenth century European authors on, for example, such subjects as biblical criticism, political and religious controversy, is one of the richest parts of the Library's collections. Some years ago we were informed that of the 25,000 books in Marsh's at least 5,000 English books or books printed in England were printed between 1640 and 1700.

Contrary to the widespread view that women exercised economic autonomy only in widowhood, Hutton argues that marital status was not the chief determinant of women's economic activities in the mid-fourteenth century and that women managed their own wealth to a far greater extent than previously recognized.

Sir Isaac Newton's pre-eminence in the history of science remains ?xed, yet the picture which we have of the whole man, and of the in?uence of his wide-ranging intellect, has been changing rapidly as scholars have incre- ingly taken cognizance of those aspects of Newton's thought hitherto hidden in his unpublished manuscripts. At the start of the third millennium, we ?nd ourselves poised to launch the greatest revolution yet in Newton studies as an international team of scholars has been assembled to publish all of Newton's widely scattered unpublished papers. The William Andrews Clark Memorial LibraryhasbeenassociatedwiththeworldofNewtonianscholarshipforsome yearsthroughitspurchase,in1961,ofanimportantmanuscript("Paradoxical Questions concerning ye morals & Actions of Athanasius & his followers") and through its long association with Professor Richard H. Popkin (U. C. L. A. ) and Professor James E. Force (University of Kentucky). Through the g- th th erous sponsorship of both the U. C. L. A. Center for 17 - and 18 -Century Studies and the U. C. L. A. William Andrews Clark Memorial Library-which areunderthedirectionofProfessorPeterH.Reill-ProfessorsForceandP- kinwereabletostageaseriesofClarkLibraryconferencesdevotedtoNewton throughout the 1990s. The papers delivered at these conferences evolved into a series of important edited volumes whose general theme was the centrality of theological and religious ideas to Newton's intellectual formation. In the present volume, this longstanding project continues. Once again thanks to the th generosityofProfessorReillandtheresourcesoftheU. C. L. A.

This volume contains eleven essays by eminent scholars which focus on Newton's theology, his study of alchemy, the early reception of Newtonianism, and the history of Newton scholarship. It includes unique accounts of the attempts over the last quarter of the twentieth century, to publish Sir Isaac Newton's theological manuscripts, including an essay by the eminent historian of philosophy, Richard H. Popkin, regarding his involvement in this enterprise, as well as essays by Rob Iliffe and Scott Mandelbrote, the founding Editorial Directors of the Newton Manuscript Project, recently set up to publish Newton's unpublished manuscripts for the first time. The volume also features the emerging interpretations of Newton's seminal theological thought, and its relationship to his scientific work, as well as other important essays which illuminate Newton's influence upon so many of the complex and seemingly paradoxical patterns of the Enlightenment.

Sir Isaac Newton's pre-eminence in the history of science remains ?xed, yet the picture which we have of the whole man, and of the in?uence of his wide-ranging intellect, has been changing rapidly as scholars have incre- ingly taken cognizance of those aspects of Newton's thought hitherto hidden in his unpublished manuscripts. At the start of the third millennium, we ?nd ourselves poised to launch the greatest revolution yet in Newton studies as an international team of scholars has been assembled to publish all of Newton's widely scattered unpublished papers. The William Andrews Clark Memorial LibraryhasbeenassociatedwiththeworldofNewtonianscholarshipforsome yearsthroughitspurchase,in1961,ofanimportantmanuscript("Paradoxical Questions concerning ye morals & Actions of Athanasius & his followers") and through its long association with Professor Richard H. Popkin (U. C. L. A. ) and Professor James E. Force (University of Kentucky). Through the g- th th erous sponsorship of both the U. C. L. A. Center for 17 - and 18 -Century Studies and the U. C. L. A. William Andrews Clark Memorial Library-which areunderthedirectionofProfessorPeterH.Reill-ProfessorsForceandP- kinwereabletostageaseriesofClarkLibraryconferencesdevotedtoNewton throughout the 1990s. The papers delivered at these conferences evolved into a series of important edited volumes whose general theme was the centrality of theological and religious ideas to Newton's intellectual formation. In the present volume, this longstanding project continues. Once again thanks to the th generosityofProfessorReillandtheresourcesoftheU. C. L. A.

Of all the Cambridge Platonists, Henry More has attracted the most scholar­ ly interest in recent years, as the nature and significance of his contribution to the history of thought has come to be better understood. This revival of interest is in marked contrast to the neglect of More''s writings lamented even by his first biographer, Richard Ward, a regret echoed two centuries after his 1 death. Since then such attention as there has been to More has not always served him well. He has been dismissed as credulous on account of his belief in witchcraft while his reputation as the most mystical of the Cambridge 2 school has undermined his reputation as a philosopher. Much of the interest in More in the present century has tended to focus on one particular aspect of his writing. There has been considerable interest in his poems. And he has come to the attention of philosophers thanks to his having corresponded with Descartes. Latterly, however, interest in More has been rekindled by renewed interest in the intellectual history of the seventeenth century and Renaissance. And More has been studied in the context of seventeenth-cen­ tury science and the wider context of seventeenth-century philosophy. Since More is a figure who belongs to the Renaissance tradition of unified sapientia he is not easily compartmentalised in the categories of modern disciplines. Inevitably discussion of anyone aspect of his thought involves other aspects.

This edition of the Life of Henry More by Richard Ward is the outcome of twin initiatives: from Rupert Hall and from delegates at the conference on the Cambridge Platonists held at Nantes in 1993. The project took shape at a meeting of the editorial team at Christ's College in 1994. The editors wish to express their thanks to the Master and Fellows of Christ's College for permission to print the unpublished manuscript section of Ward's Life and for their generosity in supporting the project. We also thank the British Academy for the Major Research Award towards the cost of producing the printed copy. We thank John L. Dawson, Manager of the Literary and Linguistic Computing Centre of the University of Cambridge and his staff, Beatrix Bown and Rosemary Rodd, for their technical assistance with the physical preparation of the text. Thanks also to Douglas de Lacey for his help with Greek and Latin orthography, and to James Binns for his help in identifying some quotations. We are particularly grateful to Beatrix Bown for her unfailingly patient work in transcribing and correcting the printed and manuscript texts. S. H. 06j/t . J;pt:. l. ~0i37. J£ti7tU 7. 2 /mz,·rtlln J Ll1t'tz,//Utn LO, ~ "IEl-I"/(/ll 2 O. Engraved portrait of Henry More, by D. Loggan: Frontispiece to The Life of Henry More, by Richard Ward, London, 1710. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface V List of Illustrations: VIll Introduction: I. Richard Ward IX II.

MURIEL MCCARTHY This volume originated from a seminar organised by Richard H. Popkin in Marsh's Library on July 7-8, 1994. It was one of the most stimulating events held in the Library in recent years. Although we have hosted many special seminars on such subjects as rare books, the Huguenots, and Irish church history, this was the first time that a seminar was held which was specifically related to the books in our own collection. It seems surprising that this type of seminar has never been held before although the reason is obvious. Since there is no printed catalogue of the Library scholars are not aware of its contents. In fact the collection of books by late seventeenth and early eighteenth century European authors on, for example, such subjects as biblical criticism, political and religious controversy, is one of the richest parts of the Library's collections. Some years ago we were informed that of the 25,000 books in Marsh's at least 5,000 English books or books printed in England were printed between 1640 and 1700.

Of all the Cambridge Platonists, Henry More has attracted the most scholar­ ly interest in recent years, as the nature and significance of his contribution to the history of thought has come to be better understood. This revival of interest is in marked contrast to the neglect of More's writings lamented even by his first biographer, Richard Ward, a regret echoed two centuries after his 1 death. Since then such attention as there has been to More has not always served him well. He has been dismissed as credulous on account of his belief in witchcraft while his reputation as the most mystical of the Cambridge 2 school has undermined his reputation as a philosopher. Much of the interest in More in the present century has tended to focus on one particular aspect of his writing. There has been considerable interest in his poems. And he has come to the attention of philosophers thanks to his having corresponded with Descartes. Latterly, however, interest in More has been rekindled by renewed interest in the intellectual history of the seventeenth century and Renaissance. And More has been studied in the context of seventeenth-cen­ tury science and the wider context of seventeenth-century philosophy. Since More is a figure who belongs to the Renaissance tradition of unified sapientia he is not easily compartmentalised in the categories of modern disciplines. Inevitably discussion of anyone aspect of his thought involves other aspects.

This edition of the Life of Henry More by Richard Ward is the outcome of twin initiatives: from Rupert Hall and from delegates at the conference on the Cambridge Platonists held at Nantes in 1993. The project took shape at a meeting of the editorial team at Christ''s College in 1994. The editors wish to express their thanks to the Master and Fellows of Christ''s College for permission to print the unpublished manuscript section of Ward''s Life and for their generosity in supporting the project. We also thank the British Academy for the Major Research Award towards the cost of producing the printed copy. We thank John L. Dawson, Manager of the Literary and Linguistic Computing Centre of the University of Cambridge and his staff, Beatrix Bown and Rosemary Rodd, for their technical assistance with the physical preparation of the text. Thanks also to Douglas de Lacey for his help with Greek and Latin orthography, and to James Binns for his help in identifying some quotations. We are particularly grateful to Beatrix Bown for her unfailingly patient work in transcribing and correcting the printed and manuscript texts. S. H. 06j/t . J;pt:. l. ~0i37. J£ti7tU 7. 2 /mz,·rtlln J Ll1t''tz,//Utn LO, ~ "IEl-I"/(/ll 2 O. Engraved portrait of Henry More, by D. Loggan: Frontispiece to The Life of Henry More, by Richard Ward, London, 1710. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface V List of Illustrations: VIll Introduction: I. Richard Ward IX II.