This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the role of proteases and the associated biochemical pathways in cancer development and metastasis. Proteases make up about 2% of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. Handbook of Proteases in Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Aspects introduces the major classes of proteases and the signal transduction mechanisms associated with cancer initiation and progression. It discusses the role of inflammation and immune responses in proteases-induced cancer. The book covers cancer-induced gene expression and apoptotic and necrotic pathways in cancer. This is useful for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

Key Features

• Provides insights on the roles of proteases and anti-proteases in the tumor microenvironment.

• Covers various cancer-induced apoptotic and necrotic pathways.

• Discusses the mechanisms by which proteases induce an increase in inflammation, immune

response, and gene expression.

• Covers the function of protease-activated receptors in cancer.

• Reviews the different gene expression pathways and the ways they become erratic during

protease-induced cancer.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the role of proteases and the associated biochemical pathways in cancer development and metastasis. Proteases make up about 2% of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. Handbook of Proteases in Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Aspects introduces the major classes of proteases and the signal transduction mechanisms associated with cancer initiation and progression. It discusses the role of inflammation and immune responses in proteases-induced cancer. The book covers cancer-induced gene expression and apoptotic and necrotic pathways in cancer. This is useful for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

Key Features

• Provides insights on the roles of proteases and anti-proteases in the tumor microenvironment.

• Covers various cancer-induced apoptotic and necrotic pathways.

• Discusses the mechanisms by which proteases induce an increase in inflammation, immune

response, and gene expression.

• Covers the function of protease-activated receptors in cancer.

• Reviews the different gene expression pathways and the ways they become erratic during

protease-induced cancer.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the application of proteases in cancer therapy. Proteases make up to two percent of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. The book delves into the applications of natural, synthetic, and non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy. It highlights how effective targeting of relevant proteases can help in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It covers the systems biology and bioinformatics approach in cancer drug development. The book is meant for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the application of proteases in cancer therapy. Proteases make up to two percent of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. The book delves into the applications of natural, synthetic, and non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy. It highlights how effective targeting of relevant proteases can help in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It covers the systems biology and bioinformatics approach in cancer drug development. The book is meant for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

It is now well known that proteases are found everywhere, in viruses and bacteria as well as in all human, animal and plant cells, and play a role in a variety of biological functions ranging from digestion, fertilization, development to senescence and death. Under physiological conditions the ability of proteases is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result, as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer metastasis and tumor progression, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus it is evident that there is an absolute need for a tighter control of proteolytic activities in different cells and tissues.

Aimed at graduate students and researchers with an interest in cellular proteolytic events, Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunctions is the second book on Proteases in this series. The book consists of three parts in specified topics based on current literatures for a better understanding for the readers with respect to their subject-wise interests. The first section of this book covers a brief idea about the neuronal disorders and the involvement of proteases such as calpains, caspases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The second section covers the deadly disease cancer and its relation to ubiquitin-proteasome system, MMPs and serine proteases. The last section is about the role of proteases such as calpains, MMPs and serine protease as well as urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in causing cardiovascular defects.

Na+-K+ ATPase or Na-pump ATPase, a member of “P”-type ATPase superfamily, is characterized by association of multiple isoforms mainly of it’s α- and β- subunits. At present four different α- (α-1,α-2,α-3 and α-4) and three β- (β-1, β-2, and β-3) isoforms have been identified in mammalian cells and their differential expressions are tissue specific. Regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase activity is an important but a complex process, which involves short-term and long-term mechanisms. Short-term regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase is either mediated by changes in intracellular Na+ concentrations that directly affect the Na+-pump activity or by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation-mediated by some stimulants leading to changes in its expression and transport properties. On the other hand, long-term regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase is mediated by hormones, such as mineralocorticoids and thyroid hormones, which cause changes in the transcription of genes of α- and β- subunits leading to an increased expression in the level of Na+-pump. Several studies have revealed a relatively new type of regulation that involves the association of small, single span membrane proteins with this enzyme. These proteins belong to the FXYD family, the members of which share a common signature sequence encompassing the transmembra

The biological membranes of cellular organization enfold an important group of membrane proteins called the ATPases, which are not only versatile in maintaining chemical gradient and electrical potential across the membrane but also bring metabolites necessary for cell metabolism and drive out toxins, waste products and solutes that otherwise can curb cell functions. ATPases are distributed virtually in all live forms starting from unicellular to multicellular and also in viruses. There are different types of ATPases, which differ in function and structure and in the type of ions they transport. The three main types of the ion pump ATPase family are: (i) P-type ATPases that transport different ions across membranes and Ca2+ATPases belongs to this catagory (ii) F-type ATPase in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacterial plasma membranes produce ATP using the proton gradient; and (iii) V-type ATPase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis to transport solutes and maintains acidic pH in organelles like lysosomes. Genetic defects in either of the ATPases cause several diseases and a number of researches have demonstrated the involvement of the members of ATPases in the cell pathology and diseases, thereby penetrating exciting new areas of our understanding. In this book, the authors summarize recent knowledge about the molecular mechanisms associated with Ca2+-ATPase, V-ATPase

Using a multidisciplinary approach, this book describes the biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of proteases and the resulting pathophysiological consequences. It highlights the role and regulation of different types of proteases as well as their synthetic and endogenous inhibitors. The role of proteases was initially thought to be limited to general metabolic digestion. However, we now know that the role of protein breakdown is much more complex, and proteases have multiple functions: they are coupled to turnover and can affect protein composition, function and synthesis. In addition to eliminating abnormal proteins, breakdown has many modulatory functions, including activating and inactivating enzymes, modulating membrane function, altering receptor channel properties, affecting transcription and cell cycles and forming active peptides. The ubiquity of proteases in nature makes them an important target for drug development.

This in-depth, comprehensive is avaluable resource for researchers involved in identifying new targets for drug development. With its multidisciplinary scope, it bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries, making it thought-provoking reading for scientists in the field.

This book bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmacological applications on proteases. It represents a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of proteases in cellular environment and highlights the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in different diseases. Several established investigators have elucidated the crucial role of proteases in biological processes, including how proteolytic function and regulation can be combined to develop new strategies of therapeutic interventions.

Proteases form one of the largest and most diverse families of enzymes known. It is now clear that proteases are involved in every aspect of life functions of an organism. Under physiological conditions, proteases are regulated by their endogenous inhibitors; however, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result in. So, there is absolute need for a stringent control of proteolytic activitiesin cells and tissues.

Dysregulation of proteases may cause derangement of cellular signalling network resulting in different pathophysiological conditions such as vascular remodelling, atherosclerotic plaque progression, ulcer and rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, cancer metastasis, tumor progression and inflammation. Additionally, many infective microorganisms require proteases for replication or use proteases as virulence factors, which have facilitated the development of protease-targeted therapies for a variety of parasitic diseases.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the role of proteases and the associated biochemical pathways in cancer development and metastasis. Proteases make up about 2% of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. Handbook of Proteases in Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Aspects introduces the major classes of proteases and the signal transduction mechanisms associated with cancer initiation and progression. It discusses the role of inflammation and immune responses in proteases-induced cancer. The book covers cancer-induced gene expression and apoptotic and necrotic pathways in cancer. This is useful for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

Key Features

• Provides insights on the roles of proteases and anti-proteases in the tumor microenvironment.

• Covers various cancer-induced apoptotic and necrotic pathways.

• Discusses the mechanisms by which proteases induce an increase in inflammation, immune

response, and gene expression.

• Covers the function of protease-activated receptors in cancer.

• Reviews the different gene expression pathways and the ways they become erratic during

protease-induced cancer.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the role of proteases and the associated biochemical pathways in cancer development and metastasis. Proteases make up about 2% of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. Handbook of Proteases in Cancer: Cellular and Molecular Aspects introduces the major classes of proteases and the signal transduction mechanisms associated with cancer initiation and progression. It discusses the role of inflammation and immune responses in proteases-induced cancer. The book covers cancer-induced gene expression and apoptotic and necrotic pathways in cancer. This is useful for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

Key Features

• Provides insights on the roles of proteases and anti-proteases in the tumor microenvironment.

• Covers various cancer-induced apoptotic and necrotic pathways.

• Discusses the mechanisms by which proteases induce an increase in inflammation, immune

response, and gene expression.

• Covers the function of protease-activated receptors in cancer.

• Reviews the different gene expression pathways and the ways they become erratic during

protease-induced cancer.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the application of proteases in cancer therapy. Proteases make up to two percent of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. The book delves into the applications of natural, synthetic, and non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy. It highlights how effective targeting of relevant proteases can help in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It covers the systems biology and bioinformatics approach in cancer drug development. The book is meant for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

This handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the application of proteases in cancer therapy. Proteases make up to two percent of the human genome and play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment. The book delves into the applications of natural, synthetic, and non-coding RNAs in cancer therapy. It highlights how effective targeting of relevant proteases can help in cancer diagnosis and treatment. It covers the systems biology and bioinformatics approach in cancer drug development. The book is meant for researchers and professionals in cancer research, biochemistry, and physiology.

It is now well known that proteases are found everywhere, in viruses and bacteria as well as in all human, animal and plant cells, and play a role in a variety of biological functions ranging from digestion, fertilization, development to senescence and death. Under physiological conditions the ability of proteases is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result, as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer metastasis and tumor progression, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus it is evident that there is an absolute need for a tighter control of proteolytic activities in different cells and tissues.

Aimed at graduate students and researchers with an interest in cellular proteolytic events, Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunctions is the second book on Proteases in this series. The book consists of three parts in specified topics based on current literatures for a better understanding for the readers with respect to their subject-wise interests. The first section of this book covers a brief idea about the neuronal disorders and the involvement of proteases such as calpains, caspases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The second section covers the deadly disease cancer and its relation to ubiquitin-proteasome system, MMPs and serine proteases. The last section is about the role of proteases such as calpains, MMPs and serine protease as well as urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in causing cardiovascular defects.

Na+-K+ ATPase or Na-pump ATPase, a member of “P”-type ATPase superfamily, is characterized by association of multiple isoforms mainly of it’s α- and β- subunits. At present four different α- (α-1,α-2,α-3 and α-4) and three β- (β-1, β-2, and β-3) isoforms have been identified in mammalian cells and their differential expressions are tissue specific. Regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase activity is an important but a complex process, which involves short-term and long-term mechanisms. Short-term regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase is either mediated by changes in intracellular Na+ concentrations that directly affect the Na+-pump activity or by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation-mediated by some stimulants leading to changes in its expression and transport properties. On the other hand, long-term regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase is mediated by hormones, such as mineralocorticoids and thyroid hormones, which cause changes in the transcription of genes of α- and β- subunits leading to an increased expression in the level of Na+-pump. Several studies have revealed a relatively new type of regulation that involves the association of small, single span membrane proteins with this enzyme. These proteins belong to the FXYD family, the members of which share a common signature sequence encompassing the transmembra

The biological membranes of cellular organization enfold an important group of membrane proteins called the ATPases, which are not only versatile in maintaining chemical gradient and electrical potential across the membrane but also bring metabolites necessary for cell metabolism and drive out toxins, waste products and solutes that otherwise can curb cell functions. ATPases are distributed virtually in all live forms starting from unicellular to multicellular and also in viruses. There are different types of ATPases, which differ in function and structure and in the type of ions they transport. The three main types of the ion pump ATPase family are: (i) P-type ATPases that transport different ions across membranes and Ca2+ATPases belongs to this catagory (ii) F-type ATPase in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacterial plasma membranes produce ATP using the proton gradient; and (iii) V-type ATPase catalyzes ATP hydrolysis to transport solutes and maintains acidic pH in organelles like lysosomes. Genetic defects in either of the ATPases cause several diseases and a number of researches have demonstrated the involvement of the members of ATPases in the cell pathology and diseases, thereby penetrating exciting new areas of our understanding. In this book, the authors summarize recent knowledge about the molecular mechanisms associated with Ca2+-ATPase, V-ATPase

Using a multidisciplinary approach, this book describes the biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of proteases and the resulting pathophysiological consequences. It highlights the role and regulation of different types of proteases as well as their synthetic and endogenous inhibitors. The role of proteases was initially thought to be limited to general metabolic digestion. However, we now know that the role of protein breakdown is much more complex, and proteases have multiple functions: they are coupled to turnover and can affect protein composition, function and synthesis. In addition to eliminating abnormal proteins, breakdown has many modulatory functions, including activating and inactivating enzymes, modulating membrane function, altering receptor channel properties, affecting transcription and cell cycles and forming active peptides. The ubiquity of proteases in nature makes them an important target for drug development.

This in-depth, comprehensive is avaluable resource for researchers involved in identifying new targets for drug development. With its multidisciplinary scope, it bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries, making it thought-provoking reading for scientists in the field.

This book bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmacological applications on proteases. It represents a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of proteases in cellular environment and highlights the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in different diseases. Several established investigators have elucidated the crucial role of proteases in biological processes, including how proteolytic function and regulation can be combined to develop new strategies of therapeutic interventions.

Proteases form one of the largest and most diverse families of enzymes known. It is now clear that proteases are involved in every aspect of life functions of an organism. Under physiological conditions, proteases are regulated by their endogenous inhibitors; however, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result in. So, there is absolute need for a stringent control of proteolytic activitiesin cells and tissues.

Dysregulation of proteases may cause derangement of cellular signalling network resulting in different pathophysiological conditions such as vascular remodelling, atherosclerotic plaque progression, ulcer and rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, cancer metastasis, tumor progression and inflammation. Additionally, many infective microorganisms require proteases for replication or use proteases as virulence factors, which have facilitated the development of protease-targeted therapies for a variety of parasitic diseases.