Sina Rauschenbach - Böcker

Menasseh ben Israel (1604–1657) was one of the best-known rabbis in early modern Europe. In the course of his life he became an important Jewish interlocutor for Christian scholars interested in Hebrew studies and negotiated with Oliver Cromwell and Parliament the return of the Jews to England. Born to a family of former conversos, Menasseh was versed in Christian theology and astutely used this knowledge to adapt the content and tone of his publications to the interests and needs of his Christian readers. Judaism for Christians: Menasseh ben Israel (1604–1657) is the first extensive study to systematically focus on key titles in Menasseh’s Latin works and discuss the success and failure of his strategies of translation in the larger context of early modern Christian Hebraism. Rauschenbach also examines the mistranslation of his books by Christian scholars, who were not yet ready to share Menasseh’s vision of an Abrahamic theology and of a republic of letters whose members were not divided by denomination. Ultimately, Menasseh’s plans to use Jewish knowledge as an entrée billet for Jews into Christian societies proved to be illusory, as Christian readers understood him instead as a Jewish witness for “Christian truths.” Menasseh’s Jewish coreligionists disapproved of what they perceived to be his dangerous involvement in Christian debates, providing non-Jews with delicate information. It was only a century after his death that Menasseh became a model for new generations of Jewish scholars.

This volume contributes to the growing field of Early Modern Jewish Atlantic History, while stimulating new discussions at the interface between Jewish Studies and Postcolonial Studies. It is a collection of substantive, sophisticated and variegated essays, combining case studies with theoretical reflections, organized into three sections: race and blood, metropoles and colonies, and history and memory. Twelve chapters treat converso slave traders, race and early Afro-Portuguese relations in West Africa, Sephardim and people of color in nineteenth-century Curaçao, Portuguese converso/Sephardic imperialist behavior, Caspar Barlaeus’ attitude toward Jews in the Sephardic Atlantic, Jewish-Creole historiography in eighteenth-century Suriname, Savannah’s eighteenth-century Sephardic community in an Altantic setting, Freemasonry and Sephardim in the British Empire, the figure of Columbus in popular literature about the Caribbean, key works of Caribbean postcolonial literature on Sephardim, the holocaust, slavery and race, Canadian Jewish identity in the reception history of Esther Brandeau/Jacques La Fargue and Moroccan-Jewish memories of a sixteenth-century Portuguese military defeat.

Menasseh ben Israel (1604‑1657) war einer der bekanntesten Rabbiner des frühneuzeitlichen Europa. Berühmtheit erlangte er vor allem durch die Verhandlungen, die er mit Oliver Cromwell über die Rückkehr der Juden nach England führte. Doch die Englandverhandlungen machten nur den letzten Schritt in einer Reihe von Vermittlungsbemühungen aus. Menasses ganzes Schreiben und Wirken war von dem Programm bestimmt, christlichen Gelehrten Wissen über das Judentum zukommen zu lassen und den Sefarden so zu Anerkennung und einer Verbesserung ihrer politischen Situation zu verhelfen. Damit reagierte Menasseh als einer der Ersten auf das große Interesse, das in der christlichen Welt des 17. Jahrhunderts an Hebraica herrschte. Im vorliegenden Buch wird untersucht, wie genau Menasseh vorging und wie er sein Wissen so „übersetzte“, dass es für christliche Leser interessant wurde. Gleichzeitig werden die Reaktionen von Menassehs Lesern in den Blick genommen, die die Informationen des Rabbiners ihrerseits „rückübersetzten“. Am Ende wird Menasseh als ein jüdischer Gelehrter vorgestellt, der trotz aller Erfolge auch scheiterte, weil sein Weg zwischen Vermittlung und Selbstbehauptung nur von wenigen Zeitgenossen verstanden wurde.

Sephardic and Ashkenazic Judaism have long been studied separately. Yet, scholars are becoming ever more aware of the need to merge them into a single field of Jewish Studies. This volume opens new perspectives and bridges traditional gaps. The authors are not simply contributing to their respective fields of Sephardic or Ashkenazic Studies. Rather, they all include both Sephardic and Ashkenazic perspectives as they reflect on different aspects of encounters and reconsider traditional narratives. Subjects range from medieval and early modern Sephardic and Ashkenazic constructions of identities, influences, and entanglements in the fields of religious art, halakhah, kabbalah, messianism, and charity to modern Ashkenazic Sephardism and Sephardic admiration for Ashkenazic culture. For reasons of coherency, the contributions all focus on European contexts between the fourteenth and the nineteenth centuries.