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This book is the result of research from over fifteen countries, asking which background and environmental factors influence achievement in mathematics and science. This research is based on data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), which was conducted under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in 1995 and 1998.In many countries researchers have started secondary analysis of the data in search for relationships between contextual factors and achievement. In these analyses two different approaches can be distinguished, which can be characterised by the metaphors of ‘fishing’ and ‘hunting’. In the ‘fishing’ approach, researchers begin with an open mind, considering all possible context variables as potentially influential. Applying analysis techniques such as regression analysis, Lisrel, PLS, HLM, and MLN, they then identify important factors within their countries or across a number of countries. In the ‘hunting’ approach, researchers hypothesise certain context variables and trace the effect of these variables on mathematics and/or science achievement.

This book is the result of research from over fifteen countries, asking which background and environmental factors influence achievement in mathematics and science. This research is based on data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), which was conducted under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) in 1995 and 1998.In many countries researchers have started secondary analysis of the data in search for relationships between contextual factors and achievement. In these analyses two different approaches can be distinguished, which can be characterised by the metaphors of ‘fishing’ and ‘hunting’. In the ‘fishing’ approach, researchers begin with an open mind, considering all possible context variables as potentially influential. Applying analysis techniques such as regression analysis, Lisrel, PLS, HLM, and MLN, they then identify important factors within their countries or across a number of countries. In the ‘hunting’ approach, researchers hypothesise certain context variables and trace the effect of these variables on mathematics and/or science achievement.

This text reports on the policies and practices regarding computers in education in 20 countries, representing Northern America, Asia and both the Eastern and Western parts of Europe. The editors have analysed and reflected from several perspectives on the richness of the national reports resulting in chapters on curricular, (in)equity and education paradigmatic aspects of the introduction of computers in education. The volume is a spin-off of the international comparative study of the use of Computers in Education (CompEd) conducted by IEA, the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. The variety found across countries in the CompEd results led to the question whether this might be explained by differences in national contexts. For that reason, the initiative was taken to invite countries participating in the study, as well as some other countries with interesting developments in this area, to report on their policies and practices regarding computers in education. A collection of country profiles of a technological innovation that invaded their education systems is provided.These profiles provide baseline information against which recent developments on information and communication technologies in education can be studied. The book is therefore of importance for all those in charge of policy-making and implementation in this area and it provides background information for researchers and graduate students, both in the area of information and communication technology in education and comparative education.

In the millennial learning society, expectations about the contribution of education and training continue to rise. Moreover, the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) creates many challenges. These trends affect not only the aims, content and processes of learning, they also have a strong impact on educational design and development approaches in research and professional practices. Researchers from the Netherlands and the USA present their findings on these issues in this volume. The major purpose of this book is to discuss promising design approaches and to present innovative (computer-based) tools. The book aims to serve as a resource and reference work that will stimulate advancement in the field of education and training. It is intended to be useful in academic settings as well as for professionals in design and development practices.

How is information and communication technology (ICT) changing teaching and learning practices in secondary schools worldwide in the 21st century? • Is there evidence that key strategic factors commonly found in ICT related educational policies do influence teachers’ pedagogical use of ICT?

Extending the purpose of the first volume to writings of the 1970s and 1980s, this new work provides a convenient collection of seminal papers that are considered to be foundations in the field of instructional technology. Offering a substantive grounding for the principles and procedures required in applied settings, this work also documents the history and conceptual growth of the field. A revised and updated bibliography is included.

This is a study of cross-national policies and practices on information and communication technology in education.

This is a study of cross-national policies and practices on information and communication technology in education.

This compendium of papers documents educational ICT policies and practices in 37 countries, making it a valuable resource for understanding and comparing ICT-related national policy developments in education. We believe that this work offers a unique in-depth examination of the trends within major education systems and how they have adapted to and taken advantage of the challenges and opportunities posed by the new information and communication technologies. A special feature of this edition is that it allows for interesting comparative analyses of sub-groups of countries, as many Asian, European Union, and former eastern-European countries, as well as the United States and Canada (among others), are included in the book. But it allows also for other than regional comparisons given that a number of newly industrialized countries (such as Brazil, Chile, Malaysia, and South Africa) are represented in this book, together with many OECD countries.This book is the result of the effort and hard work of the contributing authors, many of whom are the NRCs for IEA SITES in their respective countries. Special thanks must go to the Norwegian Royal Ministry of Education and Research and the Netherlands Kennisnet ICT OP School Foundation, both of which provided generous support for the preparation and dissemination of the book, to the Center for Information Technology in Education (CITE) of the University of Hong Kong, which assisted in the technical preparation of the manuscript, and to the IEA Secretariat, which facilitated the copyediting of the chapters. We want to acknowledge especially the professional contribution of Paula Wagemaker, who has copyedited the entire volume. This copyediting work is especially critical and challenging, as many of the chapters were written by authors for whom English is a foreign language. We also want to express our appreciation to David Robitaille, chair of the IEA Publications and Editorial Committee, and his committee for the critical and constructive review of the manuscript.

This compendium of papers documents educational ICT policies and practices in 37 countries, making it a valuable resource for understanding and comparing ICT-related national policy developments in education. We believe that this work offers a unique in-depth examination of the trends within major education systems and how they have adapted to and taken advantage of the challenges and opportunities posed by the new information and communication technologies. A special feature of this edition is that it allows for interesting comparative analyses of sub-groups of countries, as many Asian, European Union, and former eastern-European countries, as well as the United States and Canada (among others), are included in the book. But it allows also for other than regional comparisons given that a number of newly industrialized countries (such as Brazil, Chile, Malaysia, and South Africa) are represented in this book, together with many OECD countries.This book is the result of the effort and hard work of the contributing authors, many of whom are the NRCs for IEA SITES in their respective countries. Special thanks must go to the Norwegian Royal Ministry of Education and Research and the Netherlands Kennisnet ICT OP School Foundation, both of which provided generous support for the preparation and dissemination of the book, to the Center for Information Technology in Education (CITE) of the University of Hong Kong, which assisted in the technical preparation of the manuscript, and to the IEA Secretariat, which facilitated the copyediting of the chapters. We want to acknowledge especially the professional contribution of Paula Wagemaker, who has copyedited the entire volume. This copyediting work is especially critical and challenging, as many of the chapters were written by authors for whom English is a foreign language. We also want to express our appreciation to David Robitaille, chair of the IEA Publications and Editorial Committee, and his committee for the critical and constructive review of the manuscript.

This book reports on the policies and practices regarding computers in education in 20 countries, representing Northern America, Asia, and both the Eastern and Western parts of Europe. Moreover, the editors have analysed and reflected from several perspectives on the richness of the national reports, resulting in chapters on curricular, (in)equity and education paradigmatic aspects of the introduction of computers in education.

These trends affect not only the aims, content and processes of learning, they also have a strong impact on educational design and development approaches in research and professional practices. The major purpose of this book is to discuss current thinking on promising design approaches and to present innovative (computer-based) tools.