Tomáš Černušák – författare

This book offers the first comprehensive prosopographical and comparative study of permanent apostolic nunciatures in post-Tridentine Europe (1562–1605), substantially extending earlier chronological repertories.During this period of institutional reconfiguration, apostolic nuncios operated at the intersection of spiritual leadership and secular politics. Rather than treating diplomacy as a series of bilateral exchanges, the study analyses the nunciature system as a transregional network through which the Holy See projected universal claims, managed confessional divisions, and shaped the political order of early modern Europe. Drawing on a dataset of one hundred and four nuncios, the book combines quantitative analysis with institutional and intellectual history. It reconstructs patterns of recruitment, education, social background, and career advancement, showing how diplomatic service related to episcopal promotion and advancement within the Roman Curia, including the cardinalate and the papacy. The study also examines the functioning of nunciatures at major European courts – from Iberia and France to the Holy Roman Empire and Poland-Lithuania – and highlights their role in implementing Catholic Reform. Finally, it presents the nunciature as a ‘writing workshop’ that generated political knowledge, legal reflection, and detailed mappings of confessional Europe.The volume will interest scholars and graduate students of early modern, Church, and diplomatic history and provides a solid empirical basis for understanding papal diplomacy and European state formation in the age of confessional conflict.

For the majority of Emperor Rudolf II’s rule (1576–1612), Prague was the city of his permanent residence. The ruler’s presence, as well as the presence of his court, attracted diplomats and diplomatic actors. They included ambassadors permanently representing leading European rulers, smaller or larger foreign delegations coming to the emperor with specific temporary tasks, numerous agents representing smaller states or interests of various individuals. Their activities were connected to a certain space, which can be understood in two senses: as a topographically defined place and as a social space formed or influenced by people acting on the other hand. The book uses various examples of diplomatic actors in Prague to explore interesting questions: Which places in Prague could be considered the key ones from the diplomatic actors’ point of view? How did the main aims of the diplomats – that is negotiation, information-gathering, and representation – manifest themselves in various places? How did the diplomatic actors perceive the space of the residential city? Did the diplomatic actors attempt to somehow modify, delimit, or transform their spaces themselves?