Ulrich Hauptmanns - Böcker

Encouragement by colleagues and a considerable increase in the use of prob­ abilistic analyses since the publication of the German edition in 1987 have motivated this English version. A mere translation was inappropriate because a number of important studies completed in recent years had to be included, among them the assessment of the risks of five nuclear power plants in the United States of America and the German Risk Study, Phase B. The opportunity was taken to elaborate on some concepts which have gained importance of late such as accident management. An update of international safety goals was also made; however, this can only be a momentary view of a field subjected to frequent change. Thanks are due to the Springer-Verlag for the careful editing and production of the book. Kaln, Garching Ulrich Hauptmanns March 1990 Wolfgang Werner Preface to the German Edition With the increasing use of complex technologies there is a growing need to evaluate the associated risks. The methodology of probabilistic safety and risk analysis allows predictive valuation of risks. Nuclear engineering has been in the forefront of the development and application of this method. In the Safety Study on US Power Plants published in 1975 the risk of an entire technology was investigated systematically and quantified for the first time. Meanwhile the methods have continuously been improved and applied to a number of nuclear power stations.

Accidents in technical installations are random events. Hence they cannot be totally avoided. Only the probability of their occurrence may be reduced and their consequences be mitigated. The book proceeds from hazards caused by materials and process conditions to indicating technical and organizational measures for achieving the objectives of reduction and mitigation. Qualitative methods for identifying weaknesses of design and increasing safety as well as models for assessing accident consequences are presented. The quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of safety measures is explained. The treatment of uncertainties plays a role there. They stem from the random character of the accident and from lacks of knowledge on some of the phenomena to be addressed. The reader is acquainted with the simulation of accidents, safety and risk analyses and learns how to judge the potential and limitations of mathematical modelling. Risk analysis is applied amongst others to “functional safety” and the determination of “appropriate distances” between industry and residential areas (land-use planning). This shows how it can be used as a basis for safety-relevant decisions. Numerous worked-out examples and case studies addressing real plants and situations deepen the understanding of the subjects treated and support self-study.Target groupsChemical and petrochemical industry, licensing authorities, testing and certification bodies, safety engineers, engineering , students of process,  chemical and mechanical engineering as well as of industrial and engineering chemistry.

Störfälle in technischen Anlagen sind Zufallsereignisse. Deshalb kann man sie nicht gänzlich vermeiden. Wohl aber lassen sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit ihres Auftretens und das Schadensausmaß verringern. In diesem Buch werden, ausgehend von Gefährdungen durch Stoffe und Betriebsbedingungen, mögliche technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen aufgezeigt, Gefährdungen zu mindern. Qualitative Analysemethoden zum Auffinden von Schwachstellen und zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit sowie Modelle zur Abschätzung von Störfallfolgen werden dargestellt. Die quantitative Bewertung der Wirksamkeit von Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung von Anlagentechnik und Sicherheit wird erläutert. Dabei spielen Unsicherheiten, die aus dem Zufallscharakter des Störfalls und aus Kenntnislücken bei einigen der zu behandelnden Phänomene folgen, eine Rolle. Der Leser wird mit Methoden der Störfallsimulation sowie Sicherheits- und Risikoanalysen vertraut gemacht und lernt, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen mathematischer Modellierung einzuschätzen. Als Grundlage sicherheitsrelevanter Entscheidungen wird die Risikoermittlung u.a. auf die Beurteilung der „funktionalen Sicherheit“ und die Bestimmung „angemessener Sicherheitsabstände“  zwischen Industrie und Bebauung angewandt. Zahlreiche ausgearbeitete Beispiele und Fallstudien realer Anlagen und Situationen vertiefen die Inhalte und erleichtern das Selbststudium.Die zweite Auflage des vorliegenden Buches eröffnete die Möglichkeit, den Text gründlich durchzusehen und eine Reihe von Korrekturen vorzunehmen. Zusätzliche Beispiele, die sich aus Anfragen aus der Praxis ergaben, wurden aufgenommen. Das Kapitel über „angemessene Sicherheitsabstände“ wurde um aktuelle Erfahrungen aus der Beratertätigkeit des Verfassers erweitert.

Qualitative methods for identifying weaknesses of design and increasing safety as well as models for assessing accident consequences are presented. The reader is acquainted with the simulation of accidents, with safety and risk analyses and learns how to judge the potential and limitations of mathematical modelling.

Qualitative methods for identifying weaknesses of design and increasing safety as well as models for assessing accident consequences are presented. The reader is acquainted with the simulation of accidents, with safety and risk analyses and learns how to judge the potential and limitations of mathematical modelling.