This is part of a two-volume anthology consisting of "Individual Action" (Volume I) and "Social Action" (Volume II). Volume I concentrates on philosophical questions related to actions performed by single individuals, whereas the focus of Volume II is the philosophy and logic of actions performed by several individuals or groups of individuals. The papers in this anthology are by leading experts in the fields in question and, with one exception, have been written specifically for this anthology at the editors' invitation. The contributions represent recent research in the field of philosophy of action and closely related fields such as artificial intelligence. The two volumes can be read independently of each other.