Chemists and Chemistry (Closed) - Böcker
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The essays collected in this volume include studies of the history of the word scientist and the origin of the terms of electrochemistry as developed by Faraday, with the aid of the scholars Whewell and Whitlock Nicholl. In this bicentennial year of the birth of Faraday, the topic of his discovery of electromagnetic induction is timely, as described here in the story of the ten-year search that preceded it. Faraday enters also as the major proponent of the chemical theory of the voltaic cell, in opposition to Volta's contact theory. There is also an essay on Sir John Herschel's discovery of hypo and its application to photography. The book covers the formative period of science as a profession in England and introduces some figures of the transition to professionalism, as exemplified by Davy, Herschel, Faraday, Talbot, Whewell, and others, in terms of their work and their attitude toward it.
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Tobern Bergman, considered one of the greatest chemists of the 18th century, edited this collection of lectures in chemistry by H.T. Scheffer and published it in 1775. It is thought to be the first book designed to be used as a textbook for university classes in chemistry. Bergman presented the first of his successively improved Tables of Elective Attractions in this book, a table of the chemical elements which was one of the earliest attempts to present all the chemical elements and their properties in a single table. This table preceded the modern periodic table of the elements by nearly a century. It is on the basis of this table that Bergman is considered to be the father of physical chemistry. One of the discoveries described in this book is Scheffer's "pelican experiment" which disproved the transmutation of elements and preceded by two decades the identical experiment carried out by Antoine Lavoisier. This book should be of interest to historians of science and chemists in particular, scientists in general and educators. It can be used as additional reading in history courses.