World Scientific Series on Probability Theory and Its Applications – serie

This book provides a first introduction to the methods of probability theory by using the modern and rigorous techniques of measure theory and functional analysis. It is geared for undergraduate students, mainly in mathematics and physics majors, but also for students from other subject areas such as economics, finance and engineering. It is an invaluable source, either for a parallel use to a related lecture or for its own purpose of learning it.The first part of the book gives a basic introduction to probability theory. It explains the notions of random events and random variables, probability measures, expectation values, distributions, characteristic functions, independence of random variables, as well as different types of convergence and limit theorems. The first part contains two chapters. The first chapter presents combinatorial aspects of probability theory, and the second chapter delves into the actual introduction to probability theory, which contains the modern probability language. The second part is devoted to some more sophisticated methods such as conditional expectations, martingales and Markov chains. These notions will be fairly accessible after reading the first part.

This volume provides a unified mathematical introduction to stationary time series models and to continuous time stationary stochastic processes. The analysis of these stationary models is carried out in time domain and in frequency domain. It begins with a practical discussion on stationarity, by which practical methods for obtaining stationary data are described. The presented topics are illustrated by numerous examples. Readers will find the following covered in a comprehensive manner:At the end, some selected topics such as stationary random fields, simulation of Gaussian stationary processes, time series for planar directions, large deviations approximations and results of information theory are presented. A detailed appendix containing complementary materials will assist the reader with many technical aspects of the book.

Corresponding to the link of Itô's stochastic differential equations (SDEs) and linear parabolic equations, distribution dependent SDEs (DDSDEs) characterize nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations. This type of SDEs is named after McKean–Vlasov due to the pioneering work of H P McKean (1966), where an expectation dependent SDE is proposed to characterize nonlinear PDEs for Maxwellian gas. Moreover, by using the propagation of chaos for Kac particle systems, weak solutions of DDSDEs are constructed as weak limits of mean field particle systems when the number of particles goes to infinity, so that DDSDEs are also called mean-field SDEs. To restrict a DDSDE in a domain, we consider the reflection boundary by following the line of A V Skorohod (1961).This book provides a self-contained account on singular SDEs and DDSDEs with or without reflection. It covers well-posedness and regularities for singular stochastic differential equations; well-posedness for singular reflected SDEs; well-posedness of singular DDSDEs; Harnack inequalities and derivative formulas for singular DDSDEs; long time behaviors for DDSDEs; DDSDEs with reflecting boundary; and killed DDSDEs.

This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers who are interested in the probability limit theory of random matrices and random partitions. It mainly consists of three parts. Part I is a brief review of classical central limit theorems for sums of independent random variables, martingale differences sequences and Markov chains, etc. These classical theorems are frequently used in the study of random matrices and random partitions. Part II concentrates on the asymptotic distribution theory of Circular Unitary Ensemble and Gaussian Unitary Ensemble, which are prototypes of random matrix theory. It turns out that the classical central limit theorems and methods are applicable in describing asymptotic distributions of various eigenvalue statistics. This is attributed to the nice algebraic structures of models. This part also studies the Circular β Ensembles and Hermitian β Ensembles. Part III is devoted to the study of random uniform and Plancherel partitions. There is a surprising similarity between random matrices and random integer partitions from the viewpoint of asymptotic distribution theory, though it is difficult to find any direct link between the two finite models. A remarkable point is the conditioning argument in each model. Through enlarging the probability space, we run into independent geometric random variables as well as determinantal point processes with discrete Bessel kernels.This book treats only second-order normal fluctuations for primary random variables from two classes of special random models. It is written in a clear, concise and pedagogical way. It may be read as an introductory text to further study probability theory of general random matrices, random partitions and even random point processes.

The objective of this book is to introduce the elements of stochastic processes in a rather concise manner where we present the two most important parts — Markov chains and stochastic analysis. The readers are led directly to the core of the main topics to be treated in the context. Further details and additional materials are left to a section containing abundant exercises for further reading and studying.In the part on Markov chains, the focus is on the ergodicity. By using the minimal nonnegative solution method, we deal with the recurrence and various types of ergodicity. This is done step by step, from finite state spaces to denumerable state spaces, and from discrete time to continuous time. The methods of proofs adopt modern techniques, such as coupling and duality methods. Some very new results are included, such as the estimate of the spectral gap. The structure and proofs in the first part are rather different from other existing textbooks on Markov chains.In the part on stochastic analysis, we cover the martingale theory and Brownian motions, the stochastic integral and stochastic differential equations with emphasis on one dimension, and the multidimensional stochastic integral and stochastic equation based on semimartingales. We introduce three important topics here: the Feynman–Kac formula, random time transform and Girsanov transform. As an essential application of the probability theory in classical mathematics, we also deal with the famous Brunn–Minkowski inequality in convex geometry.This book also features modern probability theory that is used in different fields, such as MCMC, or even deterministic areas: convex geometry and number theory. It provides a new and direct routine for students going through the classical Markov chains to the modern stochastic analysis.