This text presents a comparative analysis of residential, social, economic and political rights for aliens. It analyzes concepts of nationality and citizenship. Some foreigners are increasingly able to enjoy traditional citizenship rights through residential and/or regional citizenship. This work covers research on Japan as well as on the UK, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and America. Also it is fruitful to construct the bridge among several disciplines such as jurisprudence, political science and sociology.