"This book is a 'must read' for students of international negotiation and conflict resolution. Princen has systematically examined a dimension of international negotiation that traditionally has been explored primarily by historians and the legal profession, namely, the role mediators play in managing international conflict."--Linda P. Brady, American Political Science Review "In the context of international politics, Princen provides enlightening answers to how intermediaries learn, how they develop their role, and how they function in the context of both the international system and domestic politics. The work draws from extensive contemporary research in the field of conflict resolution and will replace Oran R. Young's The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises (1967) as the definitive text."--Choice "Princen's book is an excellent--indeed, outstanding--work of its kind... [Policymakers], like scholars, can draw on such work most profitably to deepen their understanding of this important international process."--Alan James, Survival

• List of FiguresPrefacePt. 1The Nature of Intermediary InterventionCh. 1Introduction: Intermediaries in International Conflict3The Prevalence of Intermediary Intervention4The Function of Intermediaries in International Conflict Management7Intermediary Influence and the Study of International Relations and Negotiation12Conclusion16Ch. 2Third Parties: Principals and Neutrals18Third-Party Interests and Capabilities19The Target of Intervention23Impediments to Reaching Agreement27The Neutral's Dilemma29Conclusion30Ch. 3The Bases of Intermediary Influence: Reconfiguration, Proposal Making, and Information Pooling32Bargaining Structure32Third Parties and the Structure of the Bargain36Conclusion44Ch. 4The Intermediary's Decision Problems: Entry and Exit46Direct Negotiations47Intervention Question47Intermediary Interests48Entry Decision: Gaining Control51Exit Decision: Urging Agreement54Conclusion59Ch. 5The Disputants' Decision Problems: Acceptance, Initiation, Role Bargaining60Acceptance60Initiation63Role Bargain64Conclusion66Pt. 2Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Principal MediatorsCh. 6Camp David: Jimmy Carter Mediates between Israel and Egypt, 1977-197969The Case70Analysis of Carter's Intervention86Conclusion104Ch. 7Portsmouth: Theodore Roosevelt Mediates between Russia and Japan, 1904-1984107The Case108Analysis of Roosevelt's Intervention122Conclusion129Pt. 3Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Neutral MediatorsCh. 8Vatican: Pope John Paul II Mediates between Argentina and Chile, 1978-1984133The Case133Analysis of the Vatican Intervention162Conclusion183Ch. 9Biafra: The OAU, the British, and the Quakers Mediate in the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970186The Case187Analysis of the Biafra Interventions199Conclusion211Ch. 10Conclusion214The Practice of Intermediaries216The Challenge of Intermediary Intervention219Notes227Bibliography253Index261

"This book is a 'must read' for students of international negotiation and conflict resolution. Princen has systematically examined a dimension of international negotiation that traditionally has been explored primarily by historians and the legal profession, namely, the role mediators play in managing international conflict."--Linda P. Brady, American Political Science Review "In the context of international politics, Princen provides enlightening answers to how intermediaries learn, how they develop their role, and how they function in the context of both the international system and domestic politics. The work draws from extensive contemporary research in the field of conflict resolution and will replace Oran R. Young's The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises (1967) as the definitive text."--Choice "Princen's book is an excellent--indeed, outstanding--work of its kind... [Policymakers], like scholars, can draw on such work most profitably to deepen their understanding of this important international process."--Alan James, Survival

• List of FiguresPrefacePt. 1The Nature of Intermediary InterventionCh. 1Introduction: Intermediaries in International Conflict3The Prevalence of Intermediary Intervention4The Function of Intermediaries in International Conflict Management7Intermediary Influence and the Study of International Relations and Negotiation12Conclusion16Ch. 2Third Parties: Principals and Neutrals18Third-Party Interests and Capabilities19The Target of Intervention23Impediments to Reaching Agreement27The Neutral's Dilemma29Conclusion30Ch. 3The Bases of Intermediary Influence: Reconfiguration, Proposal Making, and Information Pooling32Bargaining Structure32Third Parties and the Structure of the Bargain36Conclusion44Ch. 4The Intermediary's Decision Problems: Entry and Exit46Direct Negotiations47Intervention Question47Intermediary Interests48Entry Decision: Gaining Control51Exit Decision: Urging Agreement54Conclusion59Ch. 5The Disputants' Decision Problems: Acceptance, Initiation, Role Bargaining60Acceptance60Initiation63Role Bargain64Conclusion66Pt. 2Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Principal MediatorsCh. 6Camp David: Jimmy Carter Mediates between Israel and Egypt, 1977-197969The Case70Analysis of Carter's Intervention86Conclusion104Ch. 7Portsmouth: Theodore Roosevelt Mediates between Russia and Japan, 1904-1984107The Case108Analysis of Roosevelt's Intervention122Conclusion129Pt. 3Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Neutral MediatorsCh. 8Vatican: Pope John Paul II Mediates between Argentina and Chile, 1978-1984133The Case133Analysis of the Vatican Intervention162Conclusion183Ch. 9Biafra: The OAU, the British, and the Quakers Mediate in the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970186The Case187Analysis of the Biafra Interventions199Conclusion211Ch. 10Conclusion214The Practice of Intermediaries216The Challenge of Intermediary Intervention219Notes227Bibliography253Index261

"This book is a 'must read' for students of international negotiation and conflict resolution. Princen has systematically examined a dimension of international negotiation that traditionally has been explored primarily by historians and the legal profession, namely, the role mediators play in managing international conflict."--Linda P. Brady, American Political Science Review "In the context of international politics, Princen provides enlightening answers to how intermediaries learn, how they develop their role, and how they function in the context of both the international system and domestic politics. The work draws from extensive contemporary research in the field of conflict resolution and will replace Oran R. Young's The Intermediaries: Third Parties in International Crises (1967) as the definitive text."--Choice "Princen's book is an excellent--indeed, outstanding--work of its kind... [Policymakers], like scholars, can draw on such work most profitably to deepen their understanding of this important international process."--Alan James, Survival

• List of FiguresPrefacePt. 1The Nature of Intermediary InterventionCh. 1Introduction: Intermediaries in International Conflict3The Prevalence of Intermediary Intervention4The Function of Intermediaries in International Conflict Management7Intermediary Influence and the Study of International Relations and Negotiation12Conclusion16Ch. 2Third Parties: Principals and Neutrals18Third-Party Interests and Capabilities19The Target of Intervention23Impediments to Reaching Agreement27The Neutral's Dilemma29Conclusion30Ch. 3The Bases of Intermediary Influence: Reconfiguration, Proposal Making, and Information Pooling32Bargaining Structure32Third Parties and the Structure of the Bargain36Conclusion44Ch. 4The Intermediary's Decision Problems: Entry and Exit46Direct Negotiations47Intervention Question47Intermediary Interests48Entry Decision: Gaining Control51Exit Decision: Urging Agreement54Conclusion59Ch. 5The Disputants' Decision Problems: Acceptance, Initiation, Role Bargaining60Acceptance60Initiation63Role Bargain64Conclusion66Pt. 2Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Principal MediatorsCh. 6Camp David: Jimmy Carter Mediates between Israel and Egypt, 1977-197969The Case70Analysis of Carter's Intervention86Conclusion104Ch. 7Portsmouth: Theodore Roosevelt Mediates between Russia and Japan, 1904-1984107The Case108Analysis of Roosevelt's Intervention122Conclusion129Pt. 3Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Neutral MediatorsCh. 8Vatican: Pope John Paul II Mediates between Argentina and Chile, 1978-1984133The Case133Analysis of the Vatican Intervention162Conclusion183Ch. 9Biafra: The OAU, the British, and the Quakers Mediate in the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970186The Case187Analysis of the Biafra Interventions199Conclusion211Ch. 10Conclusion214The Practice of Intermediaries216The Challenge of Intermediary Intervention219Notes227Bibliography253Index261