Social and Political Movements

Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh is editor of the journal Polity, Professor of political science and Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Connecticut. For the past 25 years he has examined the origins, activities, and evolution of social movements in Western and Central Europe, and in Latin and North America. Over the past decade, he has also published essays on ethnography and on the representation of political problems in American literature and film. He has authored and co-authored four books and has penned numerous book chapters and articles for professional journals, including Polity, Social Movement Studies, West European Politics, International Political Science Review, Journal of Theoretical Politics, The Review of Politics and Comparative Studies in Society and History.

• VOLUME 1: THEORIZING ABOUT MOVEMENTS AFTER WORLD WAR IIEditor′s Introduction to the Overall HandbookEditor′s Introduction to Volume 1Section 1: Mass-Society TheoriesLife Cycles of Social MovementsThe Revolutionary Process: A frame of reference for the study of revolutionary movements - Rex HooperTotalitarian Movements and the Loneliness of the BourgeoisieThe Origins of Totalitarianism - Hannah ArendtClass Insecurity versus Status InsecurityThe Radical Right: A Problem for American Democracy - Seymour Martin LipsetModernity and AngerFascism and Modernization - Henry Ashby Turner, Jr.Section 2: Marxist VisionsPurposefulness of ResistanceConcept of Class and the Roots of FascismThe Lower Middle Class as Historical Problem - Arno MayerRole of Movements in Class FormationProletariat into a Class: The process of class formation from Karl Kautsky′s The Class Struggle to Recent Controversies - Adam Przeworski Dangers of Political IncorporationRetrospective Comments - Francis Fox PivenSection 3: Peasant Movements as a Theoretical PuzzleAlternatives to Movement ActivismHegemony and the Peasantry - James ScottInstrumental Reasoning and Tactical ChoicesThe Rational Peasant: The political economy of rural society - Samuel PopkinRegime Changes and Shifts in Peasant PoliticsFrom Avoidance to Confrontation: Peasant protest in precolonial and colonial Southeast Asia - Michael AdasSection 4: Speculations about New Social MovementsUncovering a New Style of Movement ExperienceNew Social Movements - J rgen Habermas Analyzing a New PhenomenonThe ′New Social Movements′: Moral crusades, political pressure groups, or social movements - Klaus Elder Are New Social Movements Truly New?′New Social Movements′ of the Early Nineteenth Century - Craig Calhoun VOLUME 2: EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL-PROCESS THEORYEditor′s Introduction to Volume 2Section 1: Components of Political-Process ThinkingStrategic Calculations and Acts of ProtestProtest as a Political Resource - Martin LipskyResource Mobilization TheoryResource Mobilization and Social Movements: A partial theory - John McCarthy and Mayer N. ZaldFrame theoryFrame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization and Movement Participation - David Snow, E. Burke Rochford, Jr., Steven Worden, and Robert Benford Section 2: Vision ArticulatedIn SociologyThe Political Process Model - Doug McAdamIn History Social Movements and National Politics - Charles TillyIn Political SciencePolitical Opportunity Structure and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies - Herbert Kitschelt Mobilizing Around the VisionCrossing Frontiers: Theoretical innovations in the study of social movements - Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh Section 3: Vision Applied and EnrichedProtest WavesThe Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989 - Ruud Koopmans Cycles of ContentionCycles of Collective Action: Between moments of madness and the repertoire of contention - Sidney TarrowMovements and CountermovementsMovements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity - David Meyer and Suzanne Staggenborg Section 4: Criticisms of Political-Process TheoryIs Political-Process Theory Too Elitist?An Insider′s Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective - Robert Benford Is Political-Process Theory Naively Structural?Caught in a Winding, Snarling Vine: The structural bias of political process theory - Jeff Goodwin and James JasperIs Political-Process Theory Excessively Scholastic?The Question of Relevance in Social Movement Studies - Richard Flacks Section 5: Responses to Critics by One Political-Process Theorist Introduction to the Second Edition - Doug McAdamVOLUME 3: CULTURAL APPROACHESEditor′s Introduction to Volume 3Section 1:Cultural Complexity and Social MovementsAmbiguities of Cultural Practices′We Are Not What We Seem′: Rethinking black working-class opposition in the Jim Crow South - Robin KelleyDiscontinuities in Popular CultureStructural Opportunity and Perceived Opportunities in Social-Movement Theory: Evidence from the Iranian Revolution of 1979 - Charles KurzmanAppeals of StoriesContending Stories: Narrative in social movements - Francesca PolletaSection 2: Political Struggles over CultureCulture as Resource with which to Offset Unfavorable Political CircumstancesLinking Mobilization Frames and Political Opportunities: Insights from Regional Populism in Italy - Mario DianiMyth and the Zapatista Movement: Exploring a Network Identity - Adrienne Russell Cultural Obstacles to Movement GrowthMust Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma - Joshua Gamson Haunted by the Specter of Communism: Collective identity and resource mobilization in the demise of the Workers Alliance of America - Chad Alan GoldbergSection 3: Newsmedia and Social MovementsSocial Movements and Alternative News OutletsClaims-Making and the Construction of Legitimacy: Press coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike - Aogán MulcahyMiscalculating Media ResponsesAppeal, Threat, and Press Resonance: Comparing Mayday protests in London and Berlin - Dieter RuchtMovement Vilification in the Press′The Anarchists′ World Cup′: Respectable protest and media panics - Michael Rose and Hugo GorringeSection 4: Popular Music and Social MovementsMusical SubversionRebeldismo in the Revolutionary Family: Rock ′n roll′s early confrontations with the state and society in Mexico - Eric ZolovPopular Music as Mechanism for MobilizationMedia and Mobilization: The case of radio and Southern textile worker insurgency, 1929 to 1934 - Vincent Roscigno and William DanaherSection 5: Religion, Religious Traditions, and Social MovementsReligious Awakenings as Social MovementsRevitalization Movements - Anthony WallaceReligious Roots of Democratic VisionsReligion and Revolution - Christopher Hill Local Prophets and Counter-HegemonyPopular Publics: Street protests and plaza preachers in Caracas - David Smilde VOLUME FOUR: COMPONENTS AND CONTEXTSEditor′s Introduction to Volume 4Section 1: Internal Complexity of Social MovementsOrganizational DecentralizationMovements of Revolutionary Change: Some structural characteristics - Luther Gerlach Mixed Messages and Mixed MotivesThoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: The agent provocateur - Gary MarxIntra-Movement PluralismTilting the Frame: Considerations on collective action framing from a discursive turn - Marc SteinbergSection 2: Roles and Styles of Movement LeadersCompeting Tasks of Movement LeadersFunctional Areas of Leadership in Social Movements - Joseph GusfieldOrganizing Democracy: The limits of theory and practice - Lawrence GoodwynGender and LeadershipAfrican American Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Gender, leadership and micromobilization - Belinda RobnettSection 3: Impact of Local Environments on MovementsNeighborhoods and Movement DevelopmentNetworks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871 - Roger GouldUniversity Campuses as Movement SettingsEcologies of Social Movements: Student mobilization during the 1989 prodemocracy movement in Beijing - Dingxin ZhaoSection 4: Movements Acting "Above" the StateVenue ShoppingThe Dualities of Transnational Contention: ′Two activist solitudes′ or a new world altogether? - Sidney TarrowBlack Southern Student Sit-in Movement: An Analysis of Internal Organization - Aldon MorrisDifferent Appeals to Different AudiencesThe Benefits of Frame Resonance Disputes for Transnational Movements: The case of Botswana′s central Kalahari game reserve - Danielle ResnickSection 5: Social Movements and Cultural GlobalizationPolitics beyond the State: Environmental activism and world civic politics - Paul Wapner Globalization and Transnational Diffusion Between Social Movements: Reconceptualizing the dissemination of the Gandhian repertoire and the ′coming out′ routine" - Sean Chabot and Jan Willem DuyvendakGlobalizing Social Movement Theory: The case of eugenics - Deborah Barrett and Charles KurzmanSection 6: So, Do Movements Matter?Processes of Political EducationOn Participation - Hanna Fenichel Pitkin and Sara ShumerMeasuring Achievements in Light of Political PossibilitiesStolen Thunder? Huey Long′s Share Our Wealth, political mediation and the Second New Deal - Edwin Amenta, Kathleen Dunleavy, and Mary BernsteinNoticing Indirect Effects