Electric Brain Signals

Geir Halnes is a Research Scientist with a background in physics and theoretical biology. For the last one-and a half decade, he has worked in the Computational Neuroscience Lab at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences. His research focuses on the fundamental physical processes in neurons, glial cells and brain tissue. Torbjørn V. Ness is a Research Scientist with a background in computational neuroscience, who has more than a decade of experience in modeling extracellular potentials, including Finite Element simulations of neural tissue and measurement equipment. Torbjørn is one of the developers of LFPy, a software for calculating brain signals from simulated neural activity. Solveig Næss is a Senior Researcher with a background in physics. She got her Ph.D. in computational neuroscience through an international Ph.D. program at the University of Oslo, Simula Research Laboratory, and the University of California, San Diego. Solveig specializes in biophysical modeling of electric brain signals. Espen Hagen is a Researcher with a background in environmental physics and computational neuroscience. He earned his Ph.D. at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and has worked on methods and tool development, linking the activity of individual neurons and large neuronal networks to electrophysiological recordings of neural activity. Espen is one of the developers of LFPy. Klas H. Pettersen is CEO of the Norwegian Artificial Intelligence Research Consortium (NORA) spanning eleven Norwegian universities and colleges and four research institutes. He is also the founder of the AI innovation ecosystem NORA.startup. Klas is an active researcher within computational neuroscience and AI and the director of Norway's national research school on AI. Gaute T. Einevoll is Professor of Physics at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences and the University of Oslo, working on modeling of nerve cells, networks of nerve cells, brain tissue, brain signals and development of neuroinformatics software tools, including LFPy.

'Electric Brain Signals, by the Norwegian group founded by Gaute Einevoll, is the definitive how-to guide for detailed, biophysical modeling of brains, building up from the minuscule ionic currents traversing the cellular membrane, to the observed macro-variables across spatial scales, from the extracellular action potential and local field potential to EEG and MEG signals recorded inside or outside the skull. The book beautifully encapsulates, with easy-to-read prose and associated code, the sophistication of quantitative, mechanistic neuroscience of the twenty-first century necessary to understand the brain and the mind at the time scale of sensory input, motor action, and thought, in both health and disease.' Christof Koch, Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA; and author of Biophysics of Computation

• Preface; Abbreviations; Reserved physical symbols and quantities; 1. Introduction; 2. Charges, currents, fields and potentials in the brain; 3. Neural dynamics; 4. Volume-conductor theory; 5. Conductivity of brain tissue; 6. Schemes for computing extracellular potentials; 7. Spikes; 8. Local Field Potentials (LFPs); 9. Electroencephalography (EEG); 10. Electrocorticography (ECoG); 11. Magnetoencephalography (MEG); 12. Diffusion potentials in brain tissue; 13. Final comments and outlook; Appendix A frequency-dependent length constant; Appendix B derivation of the current-dipole approximation; Appendix C electric stimulation; Appendix D derivation of point-source equation for anisotropic medium; Appendix E statistical measures; Appendix F fourier-based analyses; Appendix G derivation of formulas for population signals; Appendix H equations for computing magnetic fields; Appendix I derivation of the MC+ED scheme; References; Index.