This volume brings together cutting-edge research and critical reviews on the role of molecular markers in advancing animal science. From fundamental principles to applied strategies, the chapters explore how molecular diagnostics and marker-based approaches are reshaping our understanding of animal systems, disease resistance, and environmental interactions.Key themes include:Applications of molecular markers in animal systems and diagnosticsGenetic diversity analysis of animal genomes through marker studiesIdentification and application of resistance markers against infectious pathogensNutritional influences on molecular markers and their implications for disease preventionIntegration of molecular markers into environmental risk assessment, particularly in the context of heavy metal contaminationOmics-based insights into contamination and molecular signaturesBiomarker discovery—approaches, challenges, and opportunitiesMicrosatellite studies reflecting genome-wide diversityBiomolecular indicators shaping the future of animal scienceBy combining theoretical insights with practical applications, this book provides a comprehensive resource for researchers, academicians, and professionals in biotechnology, veterinary sciences, and environmental biology. It emphasizes not only the scientific rigor of molecular marker studies but also their transformative potential in addressing global challenges in animal health, food security, and sustainable ecosystems.