An IBM® SPSS® Companion to Political Analysis

Philip H. Pollock III is a professor of political science at the University of Central Florida. He has taught courses in research methods at the undergraduate and graduate levels for more than thirty years. His main research interests are American public opinion, voting behavior, techniques of quantitative analysis, and the scholarship of teaching and learning. His recent research has been on the effectiveness of Internet-based instruction. Pollock’s research has appeared in the American Journal of Political Science, Social Science Quarterly, and the British Journal of Political Science. Recent scholarly publications include articles in Political Research Quarterly, the Journal of Political Science Education, and PS: Political Science and Politics.Barry C. Edwards writes textbooks and works for Fair Trial Analysis, LLC, a company that conducts research on juries and jurors for civil and criminal litigation. He received his B.A. from Stanford University, a J.D. from New York University, and a Ph.D. from the University of Georgia. He taught survey design and analysis, research methods, and prelaw courses at the University of Central Florida and continues to teach occasional courses for the University of Georgia. His political science interests include American politics, public law, and research methods. He founded the Political Science Data Group and created the PoliSciData.com website. His research has been published in American Politics Research, Congress & the Presidency, Election Law Journal, Emory Law Journal, Georgia Bar Journal, Harvard Negotiation Law Review, Journal of Politics, NYU Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, Political Research Quarterly, Presidential Studies Quarterly, Public Management Review, State Politics and Policy Quarterly, and UCLA Criminal Justice Law Review.

• FiguresPrefaceAcknowledgementsAbout the AuthorsIntroduction: Getting Started with SPSSI.1Downloading the DatasetsI.2SPSS Full and Student Versions: What’s the Difference?I.3Watch Screencasts from SAGE EdgeChapter 1: Using SPSS for Data Analysis1.1The Data Editor1.2Setting Options for Variable Lists1.3The Viewer1.4Selecting, Printing, and Saving Output1.5How to Format an SPSS Table1.6Saving Commands in Syntax Files1.7Getting Help1.8Chapter ReviewChapter 1 ExercisesChapter 2: Descriptive Statistics2.1How SPSS Stores Information about Variables2.2Identifying Levels of Measurement2.3Describing Nominal Variables2.4Describing Ordinal Variables2.5Describing Interval Variables2.6Using the Chart Editor to Modify Graphics2.7Obtaining Case-level Information with Case Summaries2.8Chapter ReviewChapter 2 ExercisesChapter 3: Creating and Transforming Variables3.1Creating Indicator Variables3.2Working with Variable Labels3.3Recoding Interval-level Variables into Simplified Categories3.4Simplifying an Internal-level Variable with Visual Binning3.5Centering or Standardizing a Numeric Variable3.6Using Compute to Create an Additive Index3.7Chapter ReviewChapter 3 ExercisesChapter 4: Making Comparisons4.1Cross-Tabulation Analysis4.2Visualizing Cross-Tabulation Analysis with a Bar Chart4.3Mean Comparison Analysis4.4Visualizing Mean Comparison Analysis with a Line Chart4.5Making Comparisons with Interval-Level Independent Variables4.6Chapter ReviewChapter 4 ExercisesChapter 5: Graphing Relationships and Describing Patterns5.1Graphs for Binary Dependent Variables5.2Graphs for Nominal Dependent Variables5.3Graphs for Ordinal-Level Dependent Variables5.4Graphs for Interval-Level Dependent Variables5.5Chapter ReviewChapter 5 ExercisesChapter 6: Random Assignment and Sampling6.1Random Assignment6.2Analyzing the Results of an Experiment6.3Random Sampling6.4Selecting Cases for Qualitative Analysis6.5Analyzing Data Ethically6.6Chapter ReviewChapter 6 ExercisesChapter 7: Making Controlled Comparisons7.1Cross-Tabulation Analysis with a Control Variable7.2Graphs for Controlled Cross-Tabulations7.3Mean Comparison Analysis with a Control Variable7.4Visualizing Controlled Mean Comparisons7.5Controlled Comparisons with Interval-Level Control Variables7.6Chapter ReviewChapter 7 ExercisesChapter 8: Foundations of Statistical Inference8.1Estimating a Population Proportion with Computer Simulation8.2Expected Shape of Sampling Distributions8.3Confidence Intervals and Margins of Error8.4Student’s t-Distribution: When You’re Not Completely Normal8.5Chapter ReviewChapter 8 ExercisesChapter 9: Hypothesis Tests with One or Two Samples9.1Role of the Null Hypothesis9.2Testing Hypothesis about a Population Proportion9.3Testing Hypothesis about Difference between Two Population Proportions9.4Testing Hypothesis about Population Mean9.5Testing Hypothesis about Difference between Two Population Means9.6Chapter ReviewChapter 9 ExercisesChapter 10: Chi-Square Test and Analysis of Variance10.1The Chi-Square Test of Independence10.2Measuring the Strength of Association between Categorical Variables10.3Chi-Square Test and Measures of Association in Controlled Comparisons10.4Analysis of Variance10.5Chapter ReviewChapter 10 ExercisesChapter 11: Correlation and Bivariate Regression11.1Correlation Analysis11.2Bivariate Regression11.3Creating Scatterplots for Bivariate Regression Analysis11.4Chapter ReviewChapter 11 ExercisesChapter 12: Multiple Regression12.1Estimating and Interpreting Multiple Regression12.2Regression with Multiple Dummy Variables12.3Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression12.4Visualizing Multiple Regression Analysis with Bubble Plots12.5Graphing Interaction Relationships12.6Chapter ReviewChapter 12 ExercisesChapter 13: Analyzing Regression Residuals13.1Expected Values, Observed Values, and Regression Residuals13.2Squared and Standardized Residuals13.3Assumptions about Regression Residuals13.4Analyzing Graphs of Regression Residuals13.5Testing Regression Assumptions with Residual Values13.6Identifying Outliers and Influential Observations13.7What If You Diagnose Problems with Residuals?13.8Chapter ReviewChapter 13 ExercisesChapter 14: Logistic Regression14.1Odds, Logged Odds, and Probabilities14.2Estimating Logistic Regression Models14.3Graphing Predicted Probabilities with One Independent Variable14.4Logistic Regression with Multiple Independent Variables14.5Graphing Predicted Probabilities with Multiple Independent Variables14.6Chapter ReviewChapter 14 ExercisesChapter 15 Doing Your Own Political Analysis15.1Doable Research Ideas15.2Importing Data into SPSS15.3Writing It Up15.4Chapter ReviewChapter 15 ExercisesAppendix, Table A-1: Variables in the GSS Dataset in Alphabetical OrderAppendix, Table A-2: Variables in the ANES Dataset in Alphabetical OrderAppendix, Table A-3: Variables in the States Dataset by TopicAppendix, Table A-4: Variables in the World Dataset by Topic