Harrisons Manual of Medicine

Dennis L. Kasper, MD, MA (Hon)William Ellery Channing Professor of MedicineProfessor of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsExecutive Dean for Academic ProgramsHarvard Medical SchoolDirector, Channing LaboratoryDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women’s Hospital Anthony S. Fauci, MDChief, Laboratory of ImmunoregulationDirector, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of Health. In 2008, Dr. Fauci was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Nation's highest civil award. Stephen L. Hauser, MDChairman and Betty Anker Fife ProfessorDepartment of NeurologyUniversity of California, San Francisco Dan L. Longo, MDScientific DirectorNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBethesda, Maryland C.F. Kettering Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL. Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Chairman, Department of Medicine; Physician-in-Chief, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

• Contributors Preface Acknowledgments SECTION 1 Care of the Hospitalized Patient 1 Electrolytes 2 Acid-Base Disorders 3 Diagnostic Imaging in Internal Medicine 4 Procedures Commonly Performed by Internists 5 Principles of Critical Care Medicine 6 Pain and Its Management 7 Assessment of Nutritional Status 8 Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition 9 Transfusion and Pheresis Therapy 10 Palliative and End-of-Life Care SECTION 2 Medical Emergencies 11 Cardiovascular Collapse and Sudden Death 12 Shock 13 Narcotic Overdose 14 Sepsis and Septic Shock 15 Acute Pulmonary Edema 16 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 17 Respiratory Failure 18 Confusion, Stupor, and Coma 19 Stroke 20 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 21 Increased Intracranial Pressure and Head Trauma 22 Spinal Cord Compression 23 Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy 24 Status Epilepticus 25 Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Coma 26 Hypoglycemia 27 Oncologic Emergencies 28 Anaphylaxis 29 Bites, Venoms, Stings, and Marine Poisonings SECTION 3 Common Patient Presentations 30 Fever, Hyperthermia, and Rash 31 Generalized Fatigue 32 Unintentional Weight Loss 33 Chest Pain 34 Palpitations 35 Dyspnea 36 Cyanosis 37 Cough and Hemoptysis 38 Edema 39 Abdominal Pain 40 Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion 41 Dysphagia 42 Diarrhea, Malabsorption, and Constipation 43 Gastrointestinal Bleeding 44 Jaundice and Evaluation of Liver Function 45 Ascites 46 Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly 47 Anemia and Polycythemia 48 Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities 49 Pain and Swelling of Joints 50 Back and Neck Pain 51 Headache 52 Syncope 53 Dizziness and Vertigo 54 Acute Visual Loss and Double Vision 55 Weakness and Paralysis 56 Tremor and Movement Disorders 57 Aphasia 58 Sleep Disorders SECTION 4 Otolaryngology 59 Sore Throat, Earache, and Upper Respiratory Symptoms SECTION 5 Dermatology 60 General Examination of the Skin 61 Common Skin Conditions SECTION 6 Hematology and Oncology 62 Examination of Blood Smears and Bone Marrow 63 Red Blood Cell Disorders 64 Leukocytosis and Leukopenia 65 Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders 66 Myeloid Leukemias, Myelodysplasia, and Myeloproliferative Syndromes 67 Lymphoid Malignancies 68 Skin Cancer 69 Head and Neck Cancer 70 Lung Cancer 71 Breast Cancer 72 Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract 73 Genitourinary Tract Cancer 74 Gynecologic Cancer 75 Tumors of the Nervous System 76 Prostate Hyperplasia and Carcinoma 77 Cancer of Unknown Primary Site 78 Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes 79 Neurologic Paraneoplastic Syndromes SECTION 7 Infectious Diseases 80 Growing Threats in Infectious Disease 81 Infections Acquired in Health Care Facilities 82 Infections in the Immunocompromised Host 83 Infective Endocarditis 84 Intraabdominal Infections 85 Infectious Diarrheas and Bacterial Food Poisoning 86 Sexually Transmitted and Reproductive Tract Infections 87 Infections of the Skin, Soft Tissues, Joints, and Bones 88 Pneumococcal Infections 89 Staphylococcal Infections 90 Streptococcal/Enterococcal Infections, Diphtheria, and Infections Caused by Other Corynebacteria and Related Species 91 Meningococcal and Listerial Infections 92 Infections Caused by Haemophilus, Bordetella, Moraxella, and HACEK Group Organisms 93 Diseases Caused by Gram-Negative Enteric Bacteria and Pseudomonads 94 Infections Caused by Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli 95 Anaerobic Infections 96 Nocardiosis, Actin