Introductory Statistics, International Adaptation

PREM S. MANN has a Bachelor’s degree in mathematics, economics, and English, and a Master’s degree in economics, with a specialization in statistics, from Punjab University, India. Prem taught economics and statistics at a Punjab University college for four years. In 1975 he left India for the United Kingdom, where he studied at the University of Manchester and received his second Master’s degree in economics. Then he attended the London School of Economics where he studied operations research. In January 1980, Prem moved to Los Angeles, California, to study for his Ph.D. in Economics at UCLA. One of his fields of specialization in his Ph.D. studies was statistics and quantitative methods. While working on his Ph.D. at UCLA, Prem Mann taught statistics and quantitative methods at the Los Angeles and Fullerton campuses of California State University, first as an adjunct instructor and then as a full-time faculty member. In 1986, he joined Eastern Connecticut State University as a faculty member, where he taught statistics, mathematics for economics, and econometrics for 29 years. He also served as chair of the Department of Economics at Eastern Connecticut State University for 20 years before retiring in 2015. Currently, Prem Mann lives with his wife and close to his children and grandchildren in New York City. In addition to Introductory Statistics, which is currently in its 10th edition, Prem Mann has authored Introductory Statistics Using Technology and Statistics for Business and Economics. He has also coauthored Practitioner’s Guide to Statistics and Lean Six Sigma for Process Improvements with Mikel J. Harry, Ofelia C. De Hodgins, Richard L. Hulbert, and Christopher J. Lacke. All these books are Wiley publications. Prem Mann’s Introductory Statistics book has been translated into Chinese, Serbian, and Portuguese. His Statistics for Business and Economics was also translated into Chinese.

• 1 Introduction 11.1 Statistics and Types of Statistics 1Case Study 1.1 Deaths Due to Red-Light Running in the United States 3Case Study 1.2 Is Anxiety and Depression a Major Problem Among Teens? 41.2 Basic Terms 51.3 Types of Variables 71.4 Types of Scales 101.5 Cross-Section Versus Time-Series Data 121.6 Population Versus Sample 131.7 Design of Experiments 221.8 Summation Notation 26Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self-Review Test / Mini-Project / Decide for  ourself / Chapter 1 Technology Instructions2 Organizing and Graphing Data 412.1 Organizing and Graphing Qualitative Data 42Case Study 2.1 Confidence in Charitable and Nongovernmental Organizations 46Case Study 2.2 Single-Payer Health-Care System Where the Federal Government Provides Coverage for Everyone 472.2 Organizing and Graphing Quantitative Data 48Case Study 2.3 Average Starting Salaries of Teachers in the United States 53Case Study 2.4 Mom, I Am Hungry 54Case Study 2.5 How Many Cups of Coffee Do You Drink a Day? 582.3 Stem-and-Leaf Displays 662.4 Dotplots 71Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself / Chapter 2 Technology Instructions3 Numerical Descriptive Measures 873.1 Measures of Center for Ungrouped Data 88Case Study 3.1 Coffee Consumption Statistics 91Case Study 3.2 Median Prices of Homes in Selected Metro Areas of the United States 943.2 Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data 1033.3 Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation for Grouped Data 1113.4 Use of Standard Deviation 117Case Study 3.3 Does Spread Mean the Same as Variability and Dispersion? 1213.5 Measures of Position 1223.6 Box-and-Whisker Plot 127Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Appendix 3.1 / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects /Decide for Yourself / Chapter 3 Technology Instructions4 Probability 1474.1 Experiment, Outcome, and Sample Space 1484.2 Calculating Probability 1534.3 Marginal Probability, Conditional Probability, and Related Probability Concepts 160Case Study 4.1 Vegetarians, Gender, and Ideology 1634.4 Intersection of Events and the Multiplication Rule 1714.5 Union of Events and the Addition Rule 1774.6 Counting Rule, Factorials, Combinations, and Permutations 184Case Study 4.2 Probability of Winning a Mega Millions Lottery Jackpot 189Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself / Chapter 4 Technology Instructions5 Discrete Random Variables and Their Probability Distributions 2035.1 Random Variables 2045.2 Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable 2065.3 Mean and Standard Deviation of a Discrete Random Variable 212Case Study 5.1 All State Lottery 2145.4 The Binomial Probability Distribution 2195.5 Negative Binomial Probability Distribution 2305.6 The Hypergeometric Probability Distribution 2345.7 The Poisson Probability Distribution 237Case Study 5.2 Global Birth and Death Rates 240Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself / Chapter 5 Technology Instructions6 Continuous Random Variables and the Normal Distribution 2576.1 Continuous Probability Distribution and the Normal Probability Distribution 258Case Study 6.1 Distribution of Time Taken to Run a Road Race 2616.2 Standardizing a Normal Distribution 2726.3 Applications of the Normal Distribution 2786.4 Determining the Z and X Values When An Area Under the Normal Distribution Curve Is Known 2836.5 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution 288Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises /Appendix 6.1 / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects /Decide for Yourself / Chapter 6 Technology Instructions7 Sampling Distributions 3097.1 Sampling Distribution, Sampling Error, and Nonsampling Errors 3107.2 Mean and Standard Deviation of ​x̄ 3157.3 Shape of the Sampling Distribution of ​x̄ 3187.4 Applications _ of the Sampling Distribution of ​ x̄ 3247.5 Population and Sample Proportions; and the Mean, Standard Deviation, and Shape of the Sampling Distribution of ​p̂ 329Case Study 7.1 2016 U.S. Election and Sampling Error 3317.6 Applications of the Sampling Distribution of ​p̂​ 336Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self- Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 7 Technology Instructions8 Estimation of the Mean and Proportion 3498.1 Estimation, Point Estimate, and Interval Estimate 3498.2 Estimation of a Population Mean: σ Known 353Case Study 8.1 2019 National Average Salaries of U.S. Doctors 3578.3 Estimation of a Population Mean: σ Not Known 3628.4 Estimation of a Population Proportion: Large Samples 370Case Study 8.2 Is Government, Poor Leadership, or Politicians the Most Important Problem Facing the United States? 373Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 8 Technology Instructions9 Hypothesis Tests About the Mean and Proportion 3899.1 Hypothesis Tests: An Introduction 3909.2 Hypothesis Tests About μ: σ Known 397Case Study 9.1 Class of 2018 Average Loan Debt for U.S. Students 4079.3 Hypothesis Tests About μ: σ Not Known 4109.4 Hypothesis Tests About a Population Proportion: Large Samples 419Case Study 9.2 Are Parents Doing Too Much for Their Adult Children? 425Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises /Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself / Chapter 9 Technology Instructions10 Estimation and Hypothesis Testing: Two Populations 44110.1 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Independent Samples:σ1 and σ2Known 44210.2 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Independent Samples:σ1 and σ2 Unknown but Equal 44910.3 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Means for Independent Samples:σ1 and σ2 Unknown and Unequal 45710.4 Inferences About the Mean of Paired Samples (Dependent Samples) 46210.5 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population Proportions for Large and Independent Samples 471Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises /Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 10 Technology Instructions11 Chi-Square Tests 49711.1 The Chi-Square Distribution 49811.2 A Goodness-of-Fit Test 501Case Study 11.1 How Are the Economic Conditions in the United States Affecting the Middle Class? 50711.3 A Test of Independence or Homogeneity 50911.4 Inferences About the Population Variance 519Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises /Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 11 Technology Instructions12 Analysis of Variance 53712.1 The F Distribution 53812.2 One-Way Analysis of Variance 54012.3 Two-Way Analysis of Variance 550Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises /Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 12 Technology Instructions13 Simple Linear Regression 57313.1 Simple Linear Regression 573Case Study 13.1 Regression of Weights on Heights for NFL Players 58313.2 Standard Deviation of Errors and Coefficient of Determination 58813.3 Inferences About B 59413.4 Linear Correlation 59913.5 Regression Analysis: A Complete Example 60413.6 Using the Regression Model 610Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises /Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 13 Technology Instructions14 Multiple Regression 62914.1 Multiple Regression Analysis 62914.2 Assumptions of the Multiple Regression Model 63114.3 Standard Deviation of Errors 63214.4 Coefficient of Multiple Determination 63314.5 Computer Solution of Multiple Regression 634Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Self-Review Test / Mini-Project / Decide for Yourself / Chapter 14 Technology Instructions15 Nonparametric Methods 649This chapter is not included in this text but is available in the book’s product page onwww.wiley.com.15.1 The Sign Test 65015.2 The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Two Dependent Samples 66315.3 The Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test for Two Independent Samples 66915.4 The Kruskal-Wallis Test 67515.5 The Spearman Rho Rank Correlation Coefficient Test 68015.6 The Runs Test for Randomness 683Uses and Misuses of Statistics / Glossary / Exercises / Self-Review Test / Mini-Projects / Decide for Yourself /Chapter 15 Technology InstructionsAppendix A Explanation of Data Sets A- 1Appendix B Statistical Tables B- 1Appendix C Lists of Formulas C- 1Answers to Selected Odd-numbered Exercises And Self-review Tests An- 1Index I- 1