Introducing Psychological Research

'..the chapter on methodology is probably one of the best I have ever read. ...The writing is excellent and keeps the reader well engaged... Overall a great text that covers all the core studies and highlights the core themes... A superb book.' - PsychBLOG www.psychblog.co.uk 'This book will be useful as a text for students enrolling on the BA. It covers the essential studies considered throughout the degree.' - Lecturer in Social Psychology, Moray College, UK

PHILIP BANYARD is Associate Senior Lecturer in Psychology at Nottingham Trent University, UK, and was Chief Examiner for the OCR A level in Psychology. He has written numerous articles for teachers and students of psychology, and has been teaching introductory level psychology for many years. ANDREW GRAYSON is Senior Lecturer in Psychology in the Centre for Human Development and Learning at the Open University, UK. He has taught developmental psychology, introductory psychology and research methods at degree level for over twelve years.

SECTION ONE SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY.- CHAPTER 1 SOCIAL INFLUENCE.- EIGHT OUT OF TEN OWNERS SAID THEIR CATS PREFERRED IT.- ASCH, S. E. (1955). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 193, 31-35..- BE A GOOD BOY AND DO AS YOU ARE TOLD.- MILGRAM, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-78..- GOING UNDERGROUND.- PILIAVIN, I.M., RODIN, J.A & PILIVIN,J. (1969) Good Samaritanism: An underground phenomenon? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 289-99.- WALK ON BY.- LEVINE, R.M (1999) Rethinking bystander on-intervention. Human Relations, 52, 1133-1155.- CHAPTER 2 SOCIAL JUDGEMENTS.- IS SHE REALLY GOING OUT WITH HIM?.- NISBETT, R. E., CAPUTO, C., LEGANT, P. & MARECEK, J. (1973). Behaviour as seen by the actor and as seen by the observer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 154-64..- I'M NOT PREJUDICED, BUT ....- LaPIERE, R. T. (1934). Attitudes vs. actions. Social Forces, 13, 230-37..- CHANGING OUR MINDS.- FESTINGER, L. & CARLSMITH, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-10..- THE MINIMAL GROUP STUDIES.- TAJFEL, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 223, 96-102..- SHOCK AND AWE.- FISCHOFF et al. (2005) Evolving Judgements of Terror Risks: Foresight, Hindsight and Emotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: 2005, Vol 11, No2 124-139.- CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL INTERACTION.- THE ROBBER'S CAVE.- SHERIF, M. (1956). Experiments in group conflict. Scientific American, 195, 54-58..- TYRANNY.- REICHER, S & HASLAM, S.A (2006) Rethinking the Psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study BJSP 45 1-40.- THE MOTHER AND FATHER OF ALL GROUPS.- BALES, R.F (1955). How people interact in conferences. Scientific American 192, 31-35.- THE PRISON SIMULATION.- HANEY, C, BANKS, W.C & ZIMBARDO, P.G ( 1973) A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison. Naval Research Review, 30 4-17.- SMALL WORLDS AND GETTING SMALLER .- DODD, P. MUHAMAD, R & WATTS, D (2003) An experimental study of search in global social networks. Science, 301, 827-829 .- SECTION TWO COMPARATIVE AND BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY.- CHAPTER 4 LEARNING.- THE FLIGHT OF THE KILLER PIGEONS.- SKINNER, B.F. (1960). Pigeons in a pelican. American Psychologist, 15, 28-37..- WHAT'S YOUR PLEASURE?.- OLDS, J., & MILNER, P. (1954). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of the septal area and other regions of the rat brain. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 47, 419-427..- LEARNING TO BE HELPLESS.- SELIGMAN, M. E. P. & MAIER, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74, 1-9..- TALKING TO THE ANIMALS.- GARDNER. R. A. & GARDNER, B. T. (1969). Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science, 16-5, 664-72..- BASHING BOBO.- BANDURA, A., ROSS, D. & ROSS, S.A (1961) Teaching Sign Language to a chimpanzee. Science, 16-5, 664-72.- CHAPTER 5 COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY.- THE COLONY OF MONKEYS.- RAWLINS, R. (1979). Forty years of rhesus research. New Scientist, 82, 108-10..- A FISHY TALE.- TINBERGEN, N. (1952). The curious behaviour of the stickleback. Scientific American, 187, 22-26..- RAT CITY: THE BEHAVIOURAL SINK.- CALHOUN, J.13. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American, 206, 139-48..- JUST MONKEYING AROUND.- ALEXANDER, G.M & HINES, M (2002). Sex Differences in response to children's toys in nonhuman primates. Evolution and Human Behaviour, 23, 467-479.- CHAPTER 6 BIO-PSYCHOLOGY.- A BRAIN OF TWO HALVES.- SPERRY, R. W. (1968). Hemisphere deconnection and unity in conscious awareness. American Psychologist, 23, 723-33..- HOW DO YOU FEEL?.- SCHACHTER, S. & SINGER, J. E. (1962). Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379-99..- TO SLEEP, PERCHANCE TO DREAM.- DEMENT, W & KLEITMAN, N. (1957). The relation of eye movements during sle