Sako Musterd, Professor of Urban Geography and Director of the Centre for Urban Studies, University of Amsterdam Alan Murie, Professor of Urban and Regional Studies, University of Birmingham

"Making Competitive Cities is therefore a stimulating read, persuasive and provocative in its lines of argument, and presenting an important challenge to urban political praxis the world over." (Journal of Economic Geography, 19 August 2011) "The strength of Making Competitive Cities is its highly structured, data-driven research on thirteen diverse and widely scattered cities, which facilitates comparative study and the construction of useful generalizations. The informative individual chapters follow parallel structures and are all well prepared." (Association of American Geographers, 14 March 2011)"This collection of essays utilizes comparative case studies to illustrate the challenges cities face from a shifting global economy and the very different ways cities can change. The essays offer insights into the theoretical and practical understanding of the environments required to develop competitive "creative knowledge" cities, cities that are successful, exciting, and enjoyable places to live." (Book News Inc, November 2010)

• Foreword by Professor Susan Fainstein, Harvard University PrefaceContributorsPART I INTRODUCTION1 Making Competitive Cities: Debates and ChallengesSako Musterd and Alan MurieDebates and challengesSectorsQuestions and theoriesRegions and sourcesPathways, actors and policiesReferences2 The Idea of the Creative or Knowledge-Based CitySako Musterd and Alan MurieEssential conditions for competitive cities‘Hard’ conditions theoryCluster theoryPersonal networks‘Soft’ conditions theoryThree partsReferencesPART II PATHWAYS3 Pathways in EuropeDenis Eckert, Alan Murie and Sako MusterdPath dependencyInitial expectations and comparisonsThe chapters to comeReferences4 Stable Trajectories Towards the Creative Knowledge City?Amsterdam, Munich and MilanAnne von Streit, Marco Bontje and Elena dell’AgneseIntroductionThe economic base and the creative knowledge economyDevelopment path: roots and current conditions of thecreative knowledge economyDevelopment paths: a synthesis and conclusionReferences5 Reinventing the City: Barcelona, Birmingham and DublinVeronica Crossa, Montserrat Pareja-Eastaway andAustin BarberIntroductionHistorical contextThe trajectory of industrial developmentThe state and policy interventionThe challenge of soft factorsConclusionsReferences6 Institutional Change and New Development Paths:Budapest, Leipzig, Poznan, Riga and SofiaTadeusz Stryjakiewicz, Joachim Burdack andTamás EgedyIntroductionSocio-economic characteristics of the study areasDevelopment pathways shaping the city profiles and the role of the systemic changeDeterminants of development of the creative knowledge sectorConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences7 Changing Specialisations and Single Sector Dominance:Helsinki and ToulouseHélène Martin-Brelot and Kaisa KepsuIntroductionSetting the context – Helsinki and ToulousePathways to knowledge-driven economiesKnowledge driving economic development: sciences, industries and policiesFuture challengesConclusion and discussionReferencesPART III ACTORS8 What Works for Managers and Highly Educated Workersin Creative Knowledge Industries?Sako Musterd and Alan MurieIntroductionThree groups of actors and a range of conditionsThe following chaptersReferences9 Managers and Entrepreneurs in Creative and Knowledge-Intensive Industries: What Determines Their Location?Toulouse, Helsinki, Budapest, Riga and SofiaEvgenii Dainov and Arnis SaukaIntroduction: places matterCities and the creative class: major conceptual challengesCharacteristics of the cities: a brief overviewLocation decisions: ‘individual trajectory’ considerations and ‘hard’ factorsLocation decisions: the role of ‘soft’ factorsIn-city location decisionsCapital city versus provincial city location decisionsPolicymaking: ‘soft’, ‘hard’ or ‘other’?Conclusions and implicationsAcknowledgementReferences10 Transnational Migrants in the Creative Knowledge Industries:Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dublin and MunichHeike Pethe, Sabine Hafner and Philip LawtonIntroductionConceptualising transnational migrants and thecreative classPlaces and potentialsThe attractiveness of European metropolitan regionsConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferences11 Attracting Young and High-Skilled Workers: Amsterdam,Milan and BarcelonaMontserrat Pareja-Eastaway, Marco Bontje andMarianne d’OvidioIntroductionCompeting for young, highly skilled workersYoung and highly-skilled workers in European citiesThe Amsterdam, Barcelona and Milan city-regionsConclusionsReferences12 Working on the Edge? Creative Jobs in Birmingham,Leipzig and PoznanJulie Brown, Robert Nadler and Michal MeczynskiIntroduction: creative work – precariousness, uncertaintyand risk?MethodologyInsecure, casualised or long-term, sustainable employment?DiscussionConclusionsReferencesPART IV POLICIES13 What Policies Should Cities Adopt?Alan Murie and Sako MusterdIntroductionWhat should cities do?European citiesWhich policy agendas?Networking policyThe following chaptersReferences14 Strategic Economic Policy: Milan, Dublin and ToulouseSilvia Mugnano, Enda Murphy and Hélène Martin-BrelotIntroductionDistinctive policy traditionsExisting strengths in creative knowledge policyNew strategic economic policy approachesKey actors in entrepreneurial citiesAddressing barriers and obstaclesConclusion and new challengesReferences15 Beyond Cluster Policy? Birmingham, Poznan and HelsinkiCaroline Chapain, Krzysztof Stachowiak andMari VaattovaarraIntroductionThe cluster policy paradigmThe state of the creative and knowledge economySupporting the creative and knowledge economy: three approachesConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences16 Policies for Firms or Policies for Individuals? Amsterdam, Munich and BudapestZoltán Kovács, Heike Pethe and Manfred MiosgaIntroductionDo policies help in competition? – a theoretical frameworkEconomic development and political conditionsThe creative and knowledge sector and policies enhancing its developmentConclusionsReferences17 New Governance, New Geographic Scales,New Institutional SettingsBastian Lange, Marc Pradel i Miquel and Vassil GarnizovIntroductionConceptual prerequisites: understanding governance in creative and knowledge industriesNew governance dimensionsProfessionalisation – self-regulation and self-governance of new professionsTowards new geographical scales?Governance approaches in Barcelona, Leipzig and SofiaKnowledge-intensive industries in regard to governance perspectivesConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPART V SYNTHESIS18 Synthesis: Re-making the Competitive CitySako Musterd and Alan MurieIntroductionA city is not a T-shirtMulti-layered cities: the importance of pathwaysPersonal actor networks: key conditionsNew governance approachesConclusionReferencesIndex

Sako Musterd, Professor of Urban Geography and Director of the Centre for Urban Studies, University of Amsterdam Alan Murie, Professor of Urban and Regional Studies, University of Birmingham

"Making Competitive Cities is therefore a stimulating read, persuasive and provocative in its lines of argument, and presenting an important challenge to urban political praxis the world over." (Journal of Economic Geography, 19 August 2011) "The strength of Making Competitive Cities is its highly structured, data-driven research on thirteen diverse and widely scattered cities, which facilitates comparative study and the construction of useful generalizations. The informative individual chapters follow parallel structures and are all well prepared." (Association of American Geographers, 14 March 2011)"This collection of essays utilizes comparative case studies to illustrate the challenges cities face from a shifting global economy and the very different ways cities can change. The essays offer insights into the theoretical and practical understanding of the environments required to develop competitive "creative knowledge" cities, cities that are successful, exciting, and enjoyable places to live." (Book News Inc, November 2010)

• Foreword by Professor Susan Fainstein, Harvard University PrefaceContributorsPART I INTRODUCTION1 Making Competitive Cities: Debates and ChallengesSako Musterd and Alan MurieDebates and challengesSectorsQuestions and theoriesRegions and sourcesPathways, actors and policiesReferences2 The Idea of the Creative or Knowledge-Based CitySako Musterd and Alan MurieEssential conditions for competitive cities‘Hard’ conditions theoryCluster theoryPersonal networks‘Soft’ conditions theoryThree partsReferencesPART II PATHWAYS3 Pathways in EuropeDenis Eckert, Alan Murie and Sako MusterdPath dependencyInitial expectations and comparisonsThe chapters to comeReferences4 Stable Trajectories Towards the Creative Knowledge City?Amsterdam, Munich and MilanAnne von Streit, Marco Bontje and Elena dell’AgneseIntroductionThe economic base and the creative knowledge economyDevelopment path: roots and current conditions of thecreative knowledge economyDevelopment paths: a synthesis and conclusionReferences5 Reinventing the City: Barcelona, Birmingham and DublinVeronica Crossa, Montserrat Pareja-Eastaway andAustin BarberIntroductionHistorical contextThe trajectory of industrial developmentThe state and policy interventionThe challenge of soft factorsConclusionsReferences6 Institutional Change and New Development Paths:Budapest, Leipzig, Poznan, Riga and SofiaTadeusz Stryjakiewicz, Joachim Burdack andTamás EgedyIntroductionSocio-economic characteristics of the study areasDevelopment pathways shaping the city profiles and the role of the systemic changeDeterminants of development of the creative knowledge sectorConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences7 Changing Specialisations and Single Sector Dominance:Helsinki and ToulouseHélène Martin-Brelot and Kaisa KepsuIntroductionSetting the context – Helsinki and ToulousePathways to knowledge-driven economiesKnowledge driving economic development: sciences, industries and policiesFuture challengesConclusion and discussionReferencesPART III ACTORS8 What Works for Managers and Highly Educated Workersin Creative Knowledge Industries?Sako Musterd and Alan MurieIntroductionThree groups of actors and a range of conditionsThe following chaptersReferences9 Managers and Entrepreneurs in Creative and Knowledge-Intensive Industries: What Determines Their Location?Toulouse, Helsinki, Budapest, Riga and SofiaEvgenii Dainov and Arnis SaukaIntroduction: places matterCities and the creative class: major conceptual challengesCharacteristics of the cities: a brief overviewLocation decisions: ‘individual trajectory’ considerations and ‘hard’ factorsLocation decisions: the role of ‘soft’ factorsIn-city location decisionsCapital city versus provincial city location decisionsPolicymaking: ‘soft’, ‘hard’ or ‘other’?Conclusions and implicationsAcknowledgementReferences10 Transnational Migrants in the Creative Knowledge Industries:Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dublin and MunichHeike Pethe, Sabine Hafner and Philip LawtonIntroductionConceptualising transnational migrants and thecreative classPlaces and potentialsThe attractiveness of European metropolitan regionsConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferences11 Attracting Young and High-Skilled Workers: Amsterdam,Milan and BarcelonaMontserrat Pareja-Eastaway, Marco Bontje andMarianne d’OvidioIntroductionCompeting for young, highly skilled workersYoung and highly-skilled workers in European citiesThe Amsterdam, Barcelona and Milan city-regionsConclusionsReferences12 Working on the Edge? Creative Jobs in Birmingham,Leipzig and PoznanJulie Brown, Robert Nadler and Michal MeczynskiIntroduction: creative work – precariousness, uncertaintyand risk?MethodologyInsecure, casualised or long-term, sustainable employment?DiscussionConclusionsReferencesPART IV POLICIES13 What Policies Should Cities Adopt?Alan Murie and Sako MusterdIntroductionWhat should cities do?European citiesWhich policy agendas?Networking policyThe following chaptersReferences14 Strategic Economic Policy: Milan, Dublin and ToulouseSilvia Mugnano, Enda Murphy and Hélène Martin-BrelotIntroductionDistinctive policy traditionsExisting strengths in creative knowledge policyNew strategic economic policy approachesKey actors in entrepreneurial citiesAddressing barriers and obstaclesConclusion and new challengesReferences15 Beyond Cluster Policy? Birmingham, Poznan and HelsinkiCaroline Chapain, Krzysztof Stachowiak andMari VaattovaarraIntroductionThe cluster policy paradigmThe state of the creative and knowledge economySupporting the creative and knowledge economy: three approachesConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences16 Policies for Firms or Policies for Individuals? Amsterdam, Munich and BudapestZoltán Kovács, Heike Pethe and Manfred MiosgaIntroductionDo policies help in competition? – a theoretical frameworkEconomic development and political conditionsThe creative and knowledge sector and policies enhancing its developmentConclusionsReferences17 New Governance, New Geographic Scales,New Institutional SettingsBastian Lange, Marc Pradel i Miquel and Vassil GarnizovIntroductionConceptual prerequisites: understanding governance in creative and knowledge industriesNew governance dimensionsProfessionalisation – self-regulation and self-governance of new professionsTowards new geographical scales?Governance approaches in Barcelona, Leipzig and SofiaKnowledge-intensive industries in regard to governance perspectivesConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPART V SYNTHESIS18 Synthesis: Re-making the Competitive CitySako Musterd and Alan MurieIntroductionA city is not a T-shirtMulti-layered cities: the importance of pathwaysPersonal actor networks: key conditionsNew governance approachesConclusionReferencesIndex

Sako Musterd, Professor of Urban Geography and Director of the Centre for Urban Studies, University of Amsterdam Alan Murie, Professor of Urban and Regional Studies, University of Birmingham

"Making Competitive Cities is therefore a stimulating read, persuasive and provocative in its lines of argument, and presenting an important challenge to urban political praxis the world over." (Journal of Economic Geography, 19 August 2011) "The strength of Making Competitive Cities is its highly structured, data-driven research on thirteen diverse and widely scattered cities, which facilitates comparative study and the construction of useful generalizations. The informative individual chapters follow parallel structures and are all well prepared." (Association of American Geographers, 14 March 2011)"This collection of essays utilizes comparative case studies to illustrate the challenges cities face from a shifting global economy and the very different ways cities can change. The essays offer insights into the theoretical and practical understanding of the environments required to develop competitive "creative knowledge" cities, cities that are successful, exciting, and enjoyable places to live." (Book News Inc, November 2010)

• Foreword by Professor Susan Fainstein, Harvard University PrefaceContributorsPART I INTRODUCTION1 Making Competitive Cities: Debates and ChallengesSako Musterd and Alan MurieDebates and challengesSectorsQuestions and theoriesRegions and sourcesPathways, actors and policiesReferences2 The Idea of the Creative or Knowledge-Based CitySako Musterd and Alan MurieEssential conditions for competitive cities‘Hard’ conditions theoryCluster theoryPersonal networks‘Soft’ conditions theoryThree partsReferencesPART II PATHWAYS3 Pathways in EuropeDenis Eckert, Alan Murie and Sako MusterdPath dependencyInitial expectations and comparisonsThe chapters to comeReferences4 Stable Trajectories Towards the Creative Knowledge City?Amsterdam, Munich and MilanAnne von Streit, Marco Bontje and Elena dell’AgneseIntroductionThe economic base and the creative knowledge economyDevelopment path: roots and current conditions of thecreative knowledge economyDevelopment paths: a synthesis and conclusionReferences5 Reinventing the City: Barcelona, Birmingham and DublinVeronica Crossa, Montserrat Pareja-Eastaway andAustin BarberIntroductionHistorical contextThe trajectory of industrial developmentThe state and policy interventionThe challenge of soft factorsConclusionsReferences6 Institutional Change and New Development Paths:Budapest, Leipzig, Poznan, Riga and SofiaTadeusz Stryjakiewicz, Joachim Burdack andTamás EgedyIntroductionSocio-economic characteristics of the study areasDevelopment pathways shaping the city profiles and the role of the systemic changeDeterminants of development of the creative knowledge sectorConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferences7 Changing Specialisations and Single Sector Dominance:Helsinki and ToulouseHélène Martin-Brelot and Kaisa KepsuIntroductionSetting the context – Helsinki and ToulousePathways to knowledge-driven economiesKnowledge driving economic development: sciences, industries and policiesFuture challengesConclusion and discussionReferencesPART III ACTORS8 What Works for Managers and Highly Educated Workersin Creative Knowledge Industries?Sako Musterd and Alan MurieIntroductionThree groups of actors and a range of conditionsThe following chaptersReferences9 Managers and Entrepreneurs in Creative and Knowledge-Intensive Industries: What Determines Their Location?Toulouse, Helsinki, Budapest, Riga and SofiaEvgenii Dainov and Arnis SaukaIntroduction: places matterCities and the creative class: major conceptual challengesCharacteristics of the cities: a brief overviewLocation decisions: ‘individual trajectory’ considerations and ‘hard’ factorsLocation decisions: the role of ‘soft’ factorsIn-city location decisionsCapital city versus provincial city location decisionsPolicymaking: ‘soft’, ‘hard’ or ‘other’?Conclusions and implicationsAcknowledgementReferences10 Transnational Migrants in the Creative Knowledge Industries:Amsterdam, Barcelona, Dublin and MunichHeike Pethe, Sabine Hafner and Philip LawtonIntroductionConceptualising transnational migrants and thecreative classPlaces and potentialsThe attractiveness of European metropolitan regionsConclusionAcknowledgmentsReferences11 Attracting Young and High-Skilled Workers: Amsterdam,Milan and BarcelonaMontserrat Pareja-Eastaway, Marco Bontje andMarianne d’OvidioIntroductionCompeting for young, highly skilled workersYoung and highly-skilled workers in European citiesThe Amsterdam, Barcelona and Milan city-regionsConclusionsReferences12 Working on the Edge? Creative Jobs in Birmingham,Leipzig and PoznanJulie Brown, Robert Nadler and Michal MeczynskiIntroduction: creative work – precariousness, uncertaintyand risk?MethodologyInsecure, casualised or long-term, sustainable employment?DiscussionConclusionsReferencesPART IV POLICIES13 What Policies Should Cities Adopt?Alan Murie and Sako MusterdIntroductionWhat should cities do?European citiesWhich policy agendas?Networking policyThe following chaptersReferences14 Strategic Economic Policy: Milan, Dublin and ToulouseSilvia Mugnano, Enda Murphy and Hélène Martin-BrelotIntroductionDistinctive policy traditionsExisting strengths in creative knowledge policyNew strategic economic policy approachesKey actors in entrepreneurial citiesAddressing barriers and obstaclesConclusion and new challengesReferences15 Beyond Cluster Policy? Birmingham, Poznan and HelsinkiCaroline Chapain, Krzysztof Stachowiak andMari VaattovaarraIntroductionThe cluster policy paradigmThe state of the creative and knowledge economySupporting the creative and knowledge economy: three approachesConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferences16 Policies for Firms or Policies for Individuals? Amsterdam, Munich and BudapestZoltán Kovács, Heike Pethe and Manfred MiosgaIntroductionDo policies help in competition? – a theoretical frameworkEconomic development and political conditionsThe creative and knowledge sector and policies enhancing its developmentConclusionsReferences17 New Governance, New Geographic Scales,New Institutional SettingsBastian Lange, Marc Pradel i Miquel and Vassil GarnizovIntroductionConceptual prerequisites: understanding governance in creative and knowledge industriesNew governance dimensionsProfessionalisation – self-regulation and self-governance of new professionsTowards new geographical scales?Governance approaches in Barcelona, Leipzig and SofiaKnowledge-intensive industries in regard to governance perspectivesConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesPART V SYNTHESIS18 Synthesis: Re-making the Competitive CitySako Musterd and Alan MurieIntroductionA city is not a T-shirtMulti-layered cities: the importance of pathwaysPersonal actor networks: key conditionsNew governance approachesConclusionReferencesIndex