The Medicine of the Ancient Egyptians 1

Eugen Strouhal (1931–2016) was a physician, anthropologist, and archaeologist, one of the founders of the field of paleopathology. From 1961 he collaborated with a number of archaeological expeditions in Egypt. He was the author of sixteen books and 350 articles.Bretislav Vachala is an Egyptologist and archaeologist at Charles University in Prague. Since 1979 he has participated in archaeological expeditions of the Czech Institute of Egyptology to Egypt.Hana Vymazalová studied Egyptology and logic at Charles University in Prague. She is a member of the Czech Institute of Egyptology and since 2006 has participated in archaeological expeditions to Egypt.

• PrefaceAcknowledgement 1 THE WISDOM OF THE AGES (E. Strouhal) 1.1 The Texts – Key to Ancient Egyptian Medicine1.2 Selection of monographs on Ancient Egyptian medicine1.3 The ‘Ancient Egyptian Medicine’ Programme 2 PAPYRUS SCROLLS OF THE EGYPTIAN PHYSICIANS (H. Vymazalová) 2.1 Kahun Papyrus 2.2 Ramesseum Papyri 2.3 Edwin Smith Papyrus 2.4 Ebers Papyrus 2.5 Hearst Papyrus 2.6 London Papyrus BM 10059 2.7 Papyrus Carlsberg VIII 2.8 Papyrus Berlin 3038 2.9 Chester Beatty Papyri 2.10 Book for Mother and Child (Papyrus Berlin 3027) 3 ANCIENT EGYPTIAN SURGERY (B. Vachala, E. Strouhal) 3.1 Medical Texts Dealing with Surgery (B. Vachala) 3.2 The Ingredients of the Remedies for Surgical Treatment (H. Vymazalová) 3.2.1 The Ingredients of Mineral Origin 3.2.2 The Ingredients of Herbal Origin 3.2.3 The Ingredients of Animal Origin 3.3 Translation of the Surgical Cases (B. Vachala) 3.3.1 Edwin Smith Papyrus 3.3.2 Ebers Papyrus 3.4 Surgical Treatment of Injuries and Other Illnesses (E. Strouhal) 3.4.1 Injuries of the Cranial Vault 3.4.2 Injuries of the Forehead 3.4.3 Injuries of the Nose 3.4.4 Injuries of the Face 3.4.5 Injuries of the Temporal Bones 3.4.6 Injuries of the Ear 3.4.7 Injuries of the Lower Jaw 3.4.8 Injuries of the Lip 3.4.9 Injuries of the Chin 3.4.10 Injuries of the Throat 3.4.11 Injuries of the Cervical Vertebrae 3.4.12 Injuries of the Collar Bones 3.4.13 Injuries of the Humerus 3.4.14 Diseases of the Chest 3.4.15 Injuries of the Shoulders and Back 3.5 Treatment with a Knife and Glowing Stick (E. Strouhal) 3.5.1 Benign Tumours 3.5.2 A Cyst in the Hair 3.5.3 Inflamed Bulges 3.5.4 Umbilical Hernia 3.5.5 A Bulge Caused by Subcutaneous Bleeding 3.5.6 A Bulge Caused by a Parasitic Cyst 3.5.7 A Bulge Caused by Fluid in the Abdominal Cavity 3.5.8 Bulges of Uncertain Origins 3.6 Operators and their Treatments (E. Strouhal) 3.6.1 The Questions of the Existence of Specialised Surgeons 3.6.2 Examination of the Patient to Determine a Diagnosis and Prognosis 3.6.3 Surgical Instruments and Aids 3.6.4 Pain Relief 3.6.5 Evidence of Surgical Operations 4 MOTHER AND CHILD CARE (H. Vymazalová, E. Strouhal) 4.1 Medical Texts Concerning Women and Children (H. Vymazalová) …1094.2 The Ingredients of Medicinal Preparations for Women and Children (H. Vymazalová) 4.2.1 Units 4.2.2 Ingredients from the Kitchen 4.2.3 Ingredients of Mineral Origin 4.2.4 Ingredients of Herbal Origin 4.2.5 Ingredients of Animal Origin 4.2.6 Sundry Other Ingredients 4.3 Translation of the Texts (H. Vymazalová) 4.3.1 Kahun Papyrus 4.3.2 Papyri from Ramesseum 4.3.3 Edwin Smith Papyrus 4.3.4 Ebers Papyrus 4.3.5 London Papyrus (BM 10059) 4.3.6 Papyrus Carlsberg VIII 4.3.7 Papyrus Berlin 3038 4.3.8 Book for Mother and Child (Papyrus Berlin 3027) 4.4 Medicine and Women (H. Vymazalová, E. Strouhal) 4.4.1 Pains 4.4.2 Fever and Swellings 4.4.3 Bleeding and Menstruation 4.4.4 Urinary Problems 4.4.5 Other Women’s Problems 4.4.6 Support of Conception 4.4.7 Prevention of Conception 4.4.8 Tests of Fertility and Pregnancy 4.4.9 Pregnancy 4.4.10 Childbirth 4.4.11 Post-Natal Care of the Mother 4.4.12 Breasts 4.5 Care for Children (H. Vymazalová, E. Strouhal) 4.5.1 Tests of the Viability of a Newborn 4.5.2 Breastfeeding and Breast Milk 4.5.3 Children’s Diseases 4.5.4 Problems with Urination and Defecation Summary Brief Overview of the History of Ancient Egypt Bibliography