Visar resultat för..."World Bank Publications"
1 671 produkter
1 671 produkter
172 kr
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The speeches in this collection-all delivered since Nicholas Stern became Chief Economist of the World Bank in July 2000-reflect insights that Mr. Stern has gained over more than three decades of study and work in development economics. Together they provide an analysis of development experience and an agenda for action in the coming years. In his introduction, the author explains the evolution of his ideas, starting with early work in Africa and India, within the larger context of changes in development thinking and strategy. The speeches that follow draw on his varied experience and on the research findings and operational experience of the World Bank. The first speech provides an overview of the past five decades of development. Speeches that follow explore current development issues in India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and China. A strategy for development is then outlined: building an economic climate that facilitates investment and growth, and empowering poor people to participate in that growth. A concluding speech examines the role of the international financial institutions in promoting investment and overcoming poverty.
The Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy
Häftad, Engelska, 1997
778 kr
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376 kr
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283 kr
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Finance at the Frontier
Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy
Häftad, Engelska, 1991
448 kr
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Explains how development financing affects firms and households
558 kr
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The study discusses ways of evaluating financial regulations and their effect on macroeconomic, allocative, protective, and other financial systems. It is a handy guidebook to regulatory changes faced by banking and nonbanking markets alike
Monitoring and Evaluating Social Programs in Developing Countries
A Handbook for Policymakers, Managers, and Researchers
Häftad, Engelska, 1995
542 kr
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Project sustainability has received considerable attention in recent years. The increased awareness stems from a growing concern with social development issues such as poverty reduction, project sustainability, the equal participation of women, and the social costs of economic development. This handbook provides a comprehensive guide to the wide range of techniques available for monitoring and evaluating the main kinds of social development programs. The authors highlight or review a number of topics that have been overlooked in earlier evaluation publications, such as: -The organization of monitoring and evaluation at the project, sectoral, and national levels -The management of the databases required to elect, design, and implement new social projects and programs -The monitoring and evaluation of project sustainability -Simple and cost-effective methods of estimating project impact. The authors also discuss methods for identifying potential beneficiaries and their information needs and ways of managing evaluations.
381 kr
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The economywide policy reform programs that have been undertaken in developing countries in recent years often address macroeconomic problems with little or no regard for their environmental impact, be it positive or negative. This book and its companion volume of case studies demonstrate that there are significant payoffs from a greater understanding of such impacts. The case studies, summarized in Volume I and presented in full in Volume II, provide empirical evidence of the links between macroeconomic policies and the environment and reflect a wide range of country situations and environmental problems: air pollution issues in Poland and Sri Lanka; deforestation and land degradation in Costa Rica; migration and deforestation in the Philippines; overgrazing of agricultural lands in Tunisia; overcultivation in Ghana; water resource depletion in Morocco; and wildlife management in Zimbabwe. The volumes also show the variety of analytical methods used to identify the linkages between policy actions and their environmental impacts.
World Bank Glossary/Glosario Del Banco Mundial
English-Spanish, Spanish-English/Ingles-Espaanol, Espanol-Ingles
Häftad, Engelska, 1996
668 kr
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This glossary is intended to assist the World Bank's translators and interpreters and others in the Bank and the development community who use Spanish in their work. It contains financial and economic terminology and terms relating to the Bank's procedures and practices. The glossary includes translations for terms that frequently occur in Bank documents and others for which the Bank has a preferred equivalent. The first section provides translations from English to Spanish, and the second from Spanish to English.
1 451 kr
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The World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization and United Nations Environment Programme. Quite often in developing countries, the economy progresses while the environment deteriorates because pollution control measures appear too costly to implement. What the World Bank proposes in the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998 is environmental management rather than pollution control. To accomplish this, the book recommends a broad mix of incentives and pressures to achieve sustainable improvements such as setting clear goals and objectives, agreeing on priorities, cooperating on approaches, sharing information, and setting realistic standards. The Handbook comprises three parts: a summary of key policy lessons in pollution management, good practice notes on implementation of policy objectives, and detailed guidelines intended for the preparation of World Bank Group projects. The application of the guidelines set out in Part III can minimize the use of resources as well as reduce the quantity of wastes requiring treatment and disposal.They are designed to protect human health, reduce discharge of pollutants into the environment, use commercially proven and cost-effective technologies, follow regulatory trends, and promote good industrial practices. These guidelines represent good environmental management practices, which can be achieved and maintained with the levels of skills and resources typically available in countries in which the World Bank operates.
Evaluating the Impact of Training and Institutional Development Programs
A Collaborative Approach
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
267 kr
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This manual focuses on measuring the effects of training and institutional development programs on individuals, the organizations or economic sectors in which they work, and the welfare of the larger community. It presents a conceptual framework as well as real-life examples drawn from evaluations of the Economic Development Institute's learning and capacity-building programs in the developing world. It provides practical advice on developing evaluation plans, designing questionnaires, conducting interviews, analyzing data, reporting findings, and making recommendations. Emphasis is placed on the active participation of stakeholders throughout the process.
Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction
Lessons from Cross-country Experience
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
274 kr
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The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
TRADE POLICY REFORM: LESSONS and IMPLICATIONS (WORLD BANK REGIONAL and SECTORAL STUDIES)
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
393 kr
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This book contains a series of papers presented at the final conference sponsored by the Trade Expansion Program (TEP). The first chapter provides an overview of some of the lessons learned from the TEP ' s experience, among others, that trade policy reform is facilitated by the macroeconomic stability, even, though the last one, not necessarily needs a full attainment; that trade policy reform will only prove worthy when foreign exchange mechanisms are properly allocated; that trade reforms induce a self-sustaining behavior due to the credibility of such reforms; that the fiscal impact following trade reforms should be carefully considered, in order for these reforms to be effective and sustainable. The issues addressed in the papers range from rather abstract (What makes trade reforms politically sustainable?) to intensely pragmatic (What is the most practical design for a duty drawback system or a technical assistance program?). Hence, a diversity in interests comes from the cross-fertilization of ideas produced by different perspectives on the subject of trade policy reforms.
338 kr
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World Bank Technical Paper No. 376. Roads are agents of change and can be responsible for both benefits and damage to the existing balance between people and their environment. This handbook examines specific road projects ranging from minor rehabilitation and maintenance activities on existing roads to major works on new alignments. It provides a description of practical methods for designing and executing effective environmental assessments that are useful to those who are involved in various aspects of road projects, from planning to construction to maintenance.
248 kr
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Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series No. 20. This study describes the practices and processes of participatory methods that tap the knowledge the poor have about their own reality. The Participatory Poverty Assessment uses methods to measure and facilitate ""listening to the poor."" Participatory tools show how the poor view poverty, inflation, and other economic and social trends. In addition, the study established the high economic returns to village social capital, measured by density of groups with particular characteristics.
Planning the Management, Operation, and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems
A Guide for the Preparation of Strategies and Manuals (Revised Edition)
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
274 kr
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World Bank Technical Paper No. 389. By the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. This paper is the revised edition of Technical Paper No. 99, written in 1989. It provides the basis for the preparation of manuals necessary for managers and staffs to perform needed activities at the proper time. The guide provides a comprehensive list of issues that should be addressed in operation and maintenance manuals for irrigation and drainage systems, and a listing of published materials and working papers which will assist in the formulation of plans for operation and maintenance. The paper serves as a valuable tool to help improve the performance of irrigation and drainage systems and to assist managers in developing and improving effective organizations to serve water consumers better.
Del 11 - World Bank Country Studies
Attracting High Technology Investment
Intel's Costa Rican Plant
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
251 kr
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283 kr
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In developing and transition economies, 60 to 80 percent of all passenger and freight transport moves by road-the main form of access for most rural communities. Yet most of the 11 million kilometers of roads in these economies are badly maintained and poorly managed. This paper discusses one of the most effective ways to promote sound policies for managing and financing road networks--commercialization. It discusses the emerging central concept of bringing roads into the marketplace, putting them on a fee-for-service basis, and managing them like a business.
393 kr
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Public expenditure issues are encountered wherever there is a discussion of government, the public sector, and development. Over the years, the World Bank has invested considerable resources in analyzing public expenditures and the impacts of different interventions on sustainable development. This handbook provides a broad framework for thinking about public expenditure management and how it affects budgetary outcomes. It highlights the fact that good analysis and sound policy are not enough to ensure sound and sustainable development outcomes. Of particular interest is the concept of three levels of budgetary outcomes-aggregate fiscal discipline, strategic prioritization, and operational performance.
448 kr
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274 kr
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While energy is essential for development, standard fossil fuels are often in short supply in countries where it is needed most. However, alternative fuel resources abound in the form of agricultural and municipal waste or "biomass." This report reviews the state of the art of biomass combustion and gasification systems, their advantages and disadvantages. It also encourages investment in use of these technologies to enable developing countries to better exploit their biomass resources and help close the gap between their energy needs and their energy supply.
542 kr
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328 kr
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Much of the early work on poverty was highly quantitative. It became increasingly clear, however, that while numbers are essential for policy and monitoring purposes, it is also important to understand people's perception of poverty and their mechanisms for coping with poverty and other situations of extreme economic and social stress. Researchers have recognized over the past few years that quantitative analysis of the incidence and trends in poverty, while essential for national economic development planning, must be complemented by qualitative methods that help planners and managers understand the cultural, social, political, and institutional context within which projects are designed and implemented. This report is based on a two-day workshop held in June 1998, where outside research specialists and World Bank staff discussed the importance of integrating these research methods. The participants reviewed experiences in the use of mixed-method approaches in Bank research and project design. This report is a result of those discussions. The report examines the need for integrated research approaches in social and economic development, presents case studies of integrated approaches in practice, and talks about lessons learned.
Solid Waste Landfills in Middle- and Lower-Income Countries
A Technical Guide to Planning, Design, and Operation
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
381 kr
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As cities grow and produce more waste, deciding where all the waste will go becomes a public health priority. Although many cities have reserved dumps for waste, the dumps are open. Therefore, converting these dumps to controlled and sanitary landfills is a critical step for protecting public health and the environment. This guide serves as a practical tool for waste managers in middle and lower-income countries to make gradual improvements in the short term by upgrading disposal of wastes at modest cost, while still providing acceptable levels of environmental protection. In the medium to long term, the target should be to achieve full sanitary landfilling along with comprehensive policies and programs to reduce waste generation and increase recycling when it is economically viable.
274 kr
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Nearly all countries worldwide are now experimenting with decentralization. Their motivations are diverse. Many countries are decentralizing because they believe this can help stimulate economic growth or reduce rural poverty, which goals central government interventions have failed to achieve. Some countries see it as a way to strengthen civil society and deepen democracy. Some perceive it as a way to off-load expensive responsibilities onto lower level governments. Thus, decentralization is seen as a solution to many different kinds of problems. This report examines the origins and implications of decentralization from a political economy perspective, with a focus on its promise and limitations. It explores why countries have often chosen not to decentralize, even when evidence suggests that doing so would be in the interests of the government. It seeks to explain why since the early 1980s many countries have undertaken some form of decentralization. This report also evaluates the evidence to understand where decentralization has considerable promise and where it does not. It identifies conditions needed for decentralization to succeed, the ways in which decentralization can promote rural development, and it names the goals which decentralization will probably not help achieve.
Labor Market Flexibility in Thirteen Latin American Countries and the United States
Revisiting and Expanding Okun Coefficients
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
255 kr
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This paper studies labor market flexibility in 13 Latin American countries--Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela--since the 1960s and 1970s by looking at the sensitivity of employment and unemployment, and real wages with respect to output. It finds that price stabilization has brought real-wage stability, but that it has tended to increase uncertainty of job security. It argues that declining inflation makes labor market rigidities binding because labor markets cannot absorb output shocks through prices. Cyclical relationships are studies by constructing Okun coefficients for unemployment, employment, and wages using first differences and the cyclical component of a Hodrick-Prescott (HP) decomposition of the series. This paper finds that compared with the United States, output fluctuations in Latin America have a small effect on employment and unemployment, but a large effect on real wages. The most important determinants of the flexibility indicators are labor market reforms. Long-term relationships are studies using a standard production function and the permanent component of the HP decomposition of the series. In all seven countries that implemented a price stabilization program, the output elasticity of employment increased, implying higher productivity and lower employment generation.
558 kr
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Hospitals remain an important source of critical health care services in most countries, providing both basic and advanced care to their populations. They are often the provider ""of last resort"" for the critically ill and poor. Yet hospitals also make up the largest expenditure category of the health system both in developed and developing countries. Innovations in Health Service Delivery offers insights into recent trends in the reform of public hospitals, with a focus on organizational changes such as increased management autonomy, corporatization, and privatization. This book also provides an opportunity to further understand the objectives, design, implementation, and evaluation of such reforms.
Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture
The World Bank's Role in Assisting Borrower and Member Countries
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
252 kr
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"Poverty and hunger are not inextricably connected. Although poor, a subsistence farmer with sufficient land, stock, and seed will be able to feed his family. What the farmer cannot do, however, is feed the increasing number of landless neighbors. World population is expected to grow from 5.8 billion to 8.5 billion by the year 2025. How will this vast population be fed? --From Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture The growing involvement of the private sector in worldwide agricultural biotechnology research makes the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR) an urgent priority in and for developing countries. The World Bank organized a major workshop on IPRs, bringing together a number of informed individuals representing major institutions with a stake in IPR. The group felt it vital to resolve disputes surrounding IPRs in developing countries to protect food security and to ensure uninterrupted supply of new technologies to resource-poor farmers. This publication contains valuable insights into the complex area of intellectual property rights in agriculture, and will help give valuable and urgently needed direction to the Bank and to its member and borrower countries.
Managing the Regulatory Process
Design, Concepts, Issues, and the Latin America and Caribbean Story
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
503 kr
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Over the last twenty years, while developed countries witnessed unparalleled rise in new regulations, developing countries complemented their privatization, with deregulation practices in various sectors, and devised regulatory frameworks, particularly for the utilities sectors. The study analyzes the impact of economic regulation on productivity and efficiency among the Latin American and Caribbean developing countries, assessing their gains from regulatory reforms. Basic choices for regulation engineering are examined, both successful contract practices, such as in Jamaica, or specific legislation in Chile, to disastrous regulation decrees in Argentina, and shows contract practices, to be the salient choice for most Latin American countries. The study reviews various practices, such as franchises and concessions, as modes of private sector participation and alternatives to regulation, analyzing the design of these arrangements for competitive marketability of their goods and services. Privatization restructuring and regulation concepts are examined, and a methodology spells out considerations for state-owned monopolies, prior to privatization. Finally, the challenge of regulation is revised, where lessons on regulatory design are examined, and an analysis on discretionary practices, re-negotiation and structural issues is presented, along with regulatory best practices.
Combating Corruption
A Comparative Review of Selected Legal Aspects of State Practice and International Initiatives
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
302 kr
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Corruption is a world-wide phenomenon. No country, no matter how rich or powerful, is immune to the detrimental effects of corruption. In this timely and careful survey of national and international efforts, Combating Corruption provides a comparative view of selected legal practices and international initiatives undertaken to fight corruption. At the outset, the paper makes the distinction between preventative and curative instruments which countries have used to fight corruption. The authors of this study examine codes of conduct, affirmations of national commitment, leadership codes, and provisions relating to declaration of assets and freedom of information.Although the paper highlights some bold measures that have been undertaken by countries to combat corruption, it goes on to report that the anti-corruption efforts are far from finished on the national level.The paper concludes that legal initiatives alone cannot make a difference in the fight against corruption. The most successful programs are those that combine legal initiatives with the necessary resources needed to engage in and sustain the fight against corruption. There needs to be strong political will and a determination to stop the spread of corruption in order to effect change.
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