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159 produkter
159 produkter
508 kr
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Reviews the transformation of many Latin American economies from 1982 to the present. Devotes particular attention to the recent Mexican currency crisis. During recent years, many Latin American countries have undergone significant reforms. The economic systems that emerged in the 1930s, stifled by heavy government intervention and protectionism, have given way to new ones based on market orientation, openness, and competition. This study provides a thorough analytical review of the events that led to the transformation of these economies during the past decade. The author analyzes economic developments from the debt crisis of 1982 to the stabilization programs of the late 1980s. The evolution of social conditions in the region, including poverty and inequality, is examined in detail. Key topics addressed include the sequencing of reform, the speed of trade liberalization, alternative modes of privatizing state-owned enterprises, the effectiveness of exchange rates as nominal anchors, and the use of emergency social funds as a way of providing a social safety net during the transition.The author concludes with a look at the implications of the recent Mexican currency crisis for the region and an evaluation of Latin America's challenges for the future. Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press
508 kr
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Providing the poor with access to financial services is one of many ways to help increase their incomes and productivity. In many countries, however, traditional financial institutions have failed to provide this service. Microcredit and co-operative programmes have been developed to fill this gap. Their purpose is to help the poor become self-employed and thus escape poverty. Many of these programmes provide credit using social mechanisms, such as group-based lending, to reach the poor and other clients, including women, who lack access to formal financial institutions. With increasing assistance from the World Bank and other donors, microfinance is emerging as an instrument for reducing poverty and improving the poor's access to financial services in low-income countries. This book examines the experiences of the Grameen Bank and two other major microcredit programmes in Bangladesh in order to quantify the potential and limitations of microcredit programs as an instrument for reducing poverty and delivering financial sevices to the poor.
479 kr
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Vocational education and training (VET) schemes are called on to help unemployed young people and older workers get jobs, to reduce the burden on higher education, to attract foreign investment, to ensure rapid growth of earnings and employment, to reduce inequality of earnings among other aims. These high expectations have resulted in heavy government involvement in VET but the record has been disappointing. This joint World Bank-International Labour Office (ILO) study looks at the experience of 19 countries in reforming their VET policies and summarises the lessons learned.
397 kr
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This updated edition of Confronting AIDS includes a vital, new statistical appendix that assembles information about the levels and determinants of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and selected policy variables for low- and middle-income countries. Confronting AIDS draws on three bodies of knowledge: the epidemiology of HIV; public health insights into disease control; and especially public economics, which focuses on assessing tradeoffs in the allocation of scarce public resources. Confronting AIDS is a strategic document, written to inform and motivate political leaders, policymakers, and development specialists to support the public health community, concerned civil society, and people living with HIV in dealing with this devastating disease.
508 kr
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Thirty-three development economists contribute to this volume, which looks at the future of development economics in relation to thoughts and practice of the past half century. At the core is the issue of whether development economics is simply a branch of applied economics or whether its nature and scope constitute the need for a special development theory to supplement general economic theory.
284 kr
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Finance at the Frontier
Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy
Häftad, Engelska, 1991
450 kr
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Explains how development financing affects firms and households
561 kr
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The study discusses ways of evaluating financial regulations and their effect on macroeconomic, allocative, protective, and other financial systems. It is a handy guidebook to regulatory changes faced by banking and nonbanking markets alike
383 kr
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The economywide policy reform programs that have been undertaken in developing countries in recent years often address macroeconomic problems with little or no regard for their environmental impact, be it positive or negative. This book and its companion volume of case studies demonstrate that there are significant payoffs from a greater understanding of such impacts. The case studies, summarized in Volume I and presented in full in Volume II, provide empirical evidence of the links between macroeconomic policies and the environment and reflect a wide range of country situations and environmental problems: air pollution issues in Poland and Sri Lanka; deforestation and land degradation in Costa Rica; migration and deforestation in the Philippines; overgrazing of agricultural lands in Tunisia; overcultivation in Ghana; water resource depletion in Morocco; and wildlife management in Zimbabwe. The volumes also show the variety of analytical methods used to identify the linkages between policy actions and their environmental impacts.
World Bank Glossary/Glosario Del Banco Mundial
English-Spanish, Spanish-English/Ingles-Espaanol, Espanol-Ingles
Häftad, Engelska, 1996
672 kr
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This glossary is intended to assist the World Bank's translators and interpreters and others in the Bank and the development community who use Spanish in their work. It contains financial and economic terminology and terms relating to the Bank's procedures and practices. The glossary includes translations for terms that frequently occur in Bank documents and others for which the Bank has a preferred equivalent. The first section provides translations from English to Spanish, and the second from Spanish to English.
1 458 kr
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The World Bank Group in collaboration with United Nations Industrial Development Organization and United Nations Environment Programme. Quite often in developing countries, the economy progresses while the environment deteriorates because pollution control measures appear too costly to implement. What the World Bank proposes in the Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook 1998 is environmental management rather than pollution control. To accomplish this, the book recommends a broad mix of incentives and pressures to achieve sustainable improvements such as setting clear goals and objectives, agreeing on priorities, cooperating on approaches, sharing information, and setting realistic standards. The Handbook comprises three parts: a summary of key policy lessons in pollution management, good practice notes on implementation of policy objectives, and detailed guidelines intended for the preparation of World Bank Group projects. The application of the guidelines set out in Part III can minimize the use of resources as well as reduce the quantity of wastes requiring treatment and disposal.They are designed to protect human health, reduce discharge of pollutants into the environment, use commercially proven and cost-effective technologies, follow regulatory trends, and promote good industrial practices. These guidelines represent good environmental management practices, which can be achieved and maintained with the levels of skills and resources typically available in countries in which the World Bank operates.
Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction
Lessons from Cross-country Experience
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
276 kr
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The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
TRADE POLICY REFORM: LESSONS and IMPLICATIONS (WORLD BANK REGIONAL and SECTORAL STUDIES)
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
395 kr
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This book contains a series of papers presented at the final conference sponsored by the Trade Expansion Program (TEP). The first chapter provides an overview of some of the lessons learned from the TEP ' s experience, among others, that trade policy reform is facilitated by the macroeconomic stability, even, though the last one, not necessarily needs a full attainment; that trade policy reform will only prove worthy when foreign exchange mechanisms are properly allocated; that trade reforms induce a self-sustaining behavior due to the credibility of such reforms; that the fiscal impact following trade reforms should be carefully considered, in order for these reforms to be effective and sustainable. The issues addressed in the papers range from rather abstract (What makes trade reforms politically sustainable?) to intensely pragmatic (What is the most practical design for a duty drawback system or a technical assistance program?). Hence, a diversity in interests comes from the cross-fertilization of ideas produced by different perspectives on the subject of trade policy reforms.
339 kr
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World Bank Technical Paper No. 376. Roads are agents of change and can be responsible for both benefits and damage to the existing balance between people and their environment. This handbook examines specific road projects ranging from minor rehabilitation and maintenance activities on existing roads to major works on new alignments. It provides a description of practical methods for designing and executing effective environmental assessments that are useful to those who are involved in various aspects of road projects, from planning to construction to maintenance.
249 kr
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Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Studies and Monographs Series No. 20. This study describes the practices and processes of participatory methods that tap the knowledge the poor have about their own reality. The Participatory Poverty Assessment uses methods to measure and facilitate ""listening to the poor."" Participatory tools show how the poor view poverty, inflation, and other economic and social trends. In addition, the study established the high economic returns to village social capital, measured by density of groups with particular characteristics.
Planning the Management, Operation, and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems
A Guide for the Preparation of Strategies and Manuals (Revised Edition)
Häftad, Engelska, 1998
276 kr
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World Bank Technical Paper No. 389. By the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. This paper is the revised edition of Technical Paper No. 99, written in 1989. It provides the basis for the preparation of manuals necessary for managers and staffs to perform needed activities at the proper time. The guide provides a comprehensive list of issues that should be addressed in operation and maintenance manuals for irrigation and drainage systems, and a listing of published materials and working papers which will assist in the formulation of plans for operation and maintenance. The paper serves as a valuable tool to help improve the performance of irrigation and drainage systems and to assist managers in developing and improving effective organizations to serve water consumers better.
284 kr
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In developing and transition economies, 60 to 80 percent of all passenger and freight transport moves by road-the main form of access for most rural communities. Yet most of the 11 million kilometers of roads in these economies are badly maintained and poorly managed. This paper discusses one of the most effective ways to promote sound policies for managing and financing road networks--commercialization. It discusses the emerging central concept of bringing roads into the marketplace, putting them on a fee-for-service basis, and managing them like a business.
Solid Waste Landfills in Middle- and Lower-Income Countries
A Technical Guide to Planning, Design, and Operation
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
383 kr
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As cities grow and produce more waste, deciding where all the waste will go becomes a public health priority. Although many cities have reserved dumps for waste, the dumps are open. Therefore, converting these dumps to controlled and sanitary landfills is a critical step for protecting public health and the environment. This guide serves as a practical tool for waste managers in middle and lower-income countries to make gradual improvements in the short term by upgrading disposal of wastes at modest cost, while still providing acceptable levels of environmental protection. In the medium to long term, the target should be to achieve full sanitary landfilling along with comprehensive policies and programs to reduce waste generation and increase recycling when it is economically viable.
Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture
The World Bank's Role in Assisting Borrower and Member Countries
Häftad, Engelska, 1999
254 kr
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"Poverty and hunger are not inextricably connected. Although poor, a subsistence farmer with sufficient land, stock, and seed will be able to feed his family. What the farmer cannot do, however, is feed the increasing number of landless neighbors. World population is expected to grow from 5.8 billion to 8.5 billion by the year 2025. How will this vast population be fed? --From Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture The growing involvement of the private sector in worldwide agricultural biotechnology research makes the issue of intellectual property rights (IPR) an urgent priority in and for developing countries. The World Bank organized a major workshop on IPRs, bringing together a number of informed individuals representing major institutions with a stake in IPR. The group felt it vital to resolve disputes surrounding IPRs in developing countries to protect food security and to ensure uninterrupted supply of new technologies to resource-poor farmers. This publication contains valuable insights into the complex area of intellectual property rights in agriculture, and will help give valuable and urgently needed direction to the Bank and to its member and borrower countries.
450 kr
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249 kr
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OTO
383 kr
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The revolution occurring in finance for low-income people refers to commercial microfinance - the delivery of financial services to the economically active poor on a large scale through competing, financially self-sufficient institutions. Lessons from indonesia, volume 2 of The Microfinance Revolution, examines in the Indonesian context the principles and practices of commercial microfinance that were explored and analyzed in volume 1. The first country to develop profitable microfinance on a large scale, Indonesia is home to the world's oldest and largest commercial microfinance institutions, as well as many others. The book examines many financial institutions, with a special emphasis on Bank Rakyat Indonesia's microbanking system, which in the mid-1980s was transformed from a failed subsidized credit program to a nationwide commercial financial intermediary that now profitably provides microfinance services - savings and credit - to more than 20 million people. Commercial microbanking remained stable and profitable in Indonesia even as the country's financial system collapsed during the recent crisis.This volume shows why, and offers crucial lessons for developing countries everywhere.
452 kr
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Sustainable poverty reduction and equitable economic development depend on the solid foundation of the rule of law. These reforms are underpinned by legal reform, whether it be to increase efficiency in business transactions, benefit from globalization policies, improve the way governments deliver essential services, or facilitate access to a more efficient and effective justice system. Internationally, rules and frameworks of cooperation are required in order to confront new global threats, such as communicable diseases, attacks on the environmental commons, destabilizing capital movements, and money laundering. The World Bank Legal Review, the first in a new annual series, offers a combination of legal scholarship, lessons from experience, legal developments, and recent reports on the many ways in which the application of law and the improvement of justice systems promote poverty reduction, economic development, and the rule of law. This book, produced by the Legal Vice Presidency of the World Bank, is a publication for policymakers and their legal advisers, attorneys and other professionals involved in the area of international development.
173 kr
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In September 2001, staff from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund met with the objective of strengthening collaboration between the two organizations in projects of civil service reform. To guide the collaboration, six foundations were identified, and are discussed here.
229 kr
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This book evaluates the quality of financial accountability and transparency in Bangladesh and makes recommendations for improvement. It compares the financial management standard and practices with respect to public funds. This book also examines what it takes to qualify Bangladesh for programmatic or sector lending in replacement of all individual project lending. Concerning private funds, it assesses the regulatory activities of the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the two Stock Exchanges, Bangladesh Bank, NGO Affairs Bureau and the accounting and auditing profession that serves both public and private sectors.
222 kr
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In Africa, most especially Sub-Saharan Africa, the World Bank's mission, to fight poverty, is strongly linked with environmental protection and better management of renewable natural resources. In both rural and urban areas, the poor of Africa are impacted by the loss of natural resources and environmental services. They are also at the highest risk from natural disasters--most particularly floods and drought. This environmental strategy report identifies the current thinking of the Africa region within the World Bank Group. It helps detail the World Bank's commitment to assist African countries make the transition to sustainable economic development by implementing improved management of natural resources and the environment.
383 kr
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The urban population in many developing countries continues to grow at more than six percent per year. The number of cities with a population of over 10 million inhabitants is expected to double within a generation. More importantly, within a generation, more than half of the developing world's population and between a third and one-half of its poor, will then reside in cities. Not only will the number of inhabitants in cities continue to increase but the problems associated with an increasing urban population will be exacerbated. This strategy paper connects the urban and transport strategies with a focus on poverty. It concentrates on the problems of the very poor, not only in relation to income, but also in terms of the broader dimensions of social exclusion. The objectives of this book are to offer a better common understanding of urban transportation problems in developing and transitional economies and to identify an urban transport strategy framework for national and city governments.
437 kr
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An independent press is essential to sound and equitable economic development. The media helps to give a voice to the poor and the disenfranchised. An independent press also provides a solid foundation for a free and transparent society. The Right to Tell: The Role of Mass Media in Economic Development contains an outstanding list of contributors from Nobel Prize winner and former World Bank chief economist, Joseph Stiglitz to Robert J. Shiller author of Irrational Exuberance, and Nobel Prize winner and novelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Contributors to this volume explore the role of the media as a watchdog of government and the corporate sector, and the policies that prevent the media from exercising that role. The Right to Tell assesses the media's function as transmitters of new ideas and information. This book also evaluates the damaging effects that an unethical or irresponsible press can cause to a society. Several of the book's contributors describe the role of the media and the challenges they face in specific countries including Bangladesh, Egypt, the former Soviet Union, Thailand, and Zimbabwe. These fascinating case studies highlight the media's ability to act as a catalyst for change and growth
173 kr
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This work is a guide to the activities of the World Bank Group, especially the information resources that the Bank Group organizations generate. It recognizes the extensiveness of the Bank Group's Internet resources, and is designed to document and complement them.
522 kr
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Civil war conflict is a core development issue. The existence of civil war can dramatically slow a country's development process, especially in low-income countries which are more vulnerable to civil war conflict. Conversely, development can impede civil war. When development succeeds, countries become safer-when development fails, they experience a greater risk of being caught in a conflict trap. Ultimately, civil war is a failure of development. 'Breaking the Conflict Trap' identifies the dire consequences that civil war has on the development process and offers three main findings. First, civil war has adverse ripple effects that are often not taken into account by those who determine whether wars start or end. Second, some countries are more likely than others to experience civil war conflict and thus, the risks of civil war differ considerably according to a country's characteristics including its economic stability. Finally, Breaking the Conflict Trap explores viable international measures that can be taken to reduce the global incidence of civil war and proposes a practical agenda for action.This book should serve as a wake up call to anyone in the international community who still thinks that development and conflict are distinct issues.