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Herodotus, one of the earliest and greatest of Western prose authors, set out in the late fifth century BC to describe the world as he knew it - its peoples and their achievements, together with the causes and course of the great wars that brought the Greek cities into conflict with the empires of the Near East. Each subsequent generation of historians has sought to use his text and to measure their knowledge of these cultures against his words.This commentary by leading scholars, originally published in Italian, has been fully revised by the original authors and has now been edited for English-speaking readers by Oswyn Murray and Alfonso Moreno. It is designed for use alongside the Oxford Classical Text of Herodotus, and will replace the century-old historical commentary of How and Wells (1912) as the most authoritative account of modern scholarship on Herodotus.Books I-IV cover the history and cultures of Lydia, Egypt, Persia, and the nomads of Scythia and North Africa, in their contacts with the Greeks from mythical times to the start of the fifth century BC; these themes, with many digressions, are woven into an account of the expansion of the Persian Empire and its relations with the Greeks.

This edition of Apuleius's fragmentary works includes 62 items which, based on the most up-to-date scholarship, can be attributed with reasonable certainty to the 'lost Apuleius'. In most cases, identifying the ipsissima verba of the author is difficult or impossible, and even the methodological validity of such an attempt remains open to debate. Following established precedents, no distinction is drawn between testimonia and fragmenta; instead, a single consecutive numbering system is adopted for the various reliquiae. These are drawn from sources in Latin and Greek, as well as in Syriac, Arabic, and Armenian. Passages known from oriental languages are presented here in a Latin back-translation, specially prepared for this edition. Each entry includes a pre-apparatus (wherever applicable) and a selective but meticulous apparatus criticus. For certain Greek and Latin sources still lacking a reliable modern edition, the principal relevant manuscripts have been reexamined. This edition is further enriched by 161 purported 'new fragments' of Apuleius embedded in Niccolò Perotti's Cornu Copiae, a hitherto scarcely accessible set of dubious items which merit greater scholarly attention. An extensive praefatio (in Latin) surveys all the works either lost or falsely attributed to Apuleius, while also detailing the principles and methods underlying this edition.