Allyson M. Poska - Böcker

While scholars have marvelled at how accused witches, mystical nuns, and aristocratic women understood and used their wealth, power, and authority to manipulate both men and institutions, most early modern women were not privileged by money or supernatural contacts. They led the routine and often difficult lives of peasant women and wives of soldiers and tradesmen. However, a lack of connections to the typical sources of authority did not mean that the majority of early modern women were completely disempowered. Women and Authority in Early Modern Spain explores how peasant women in Galicia in north-western Spain came to have significant social and economic authority in a region characterized by extremely high rates of male migration. Using a wide array of archival documentation, including Inquisition records, wills, dowry contracts, folklore, and court cases, Poska examines how peasant women asserted and perceived their authority within the family and the community and how the large numbers of female-headed households in the region functioned in the absence of men. From sexual norms to property aquisition, Galician peasant women consistently defied traditional expectations of women's behaviour.

Between 1778 and 1784 the Spanish Crown transported more than 1,900 peasants, including 875 women and girls, from northern Spain to South America in an ill-fated scheme to colonize Patagonia. The story begins as the colonists trudge across northern Spain to volunteer for the project and follows them across the Atlantic to Montevideo. However, before the last ships reached the Americas, harsh weather, disease, and the prospect of mutiny on the Patagonian coast forced the Crown to abandon the project. Eventually, the peasant colonists were resettled in towns outside of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, where they raised families, bought slaves, and gradually integrated into colonial society. Gendered Crossings brings to life the diverse settings of the Iberian Atlantic and the transformations in the peasants’ gendered experiences as they moved around the Spanish Empire.

Between 1778 and 1784 the Spanish Crown transported more than 1,900 peasants, including 875 women and girls, from northern Spain to South America in an ill-fated scheme to colonize Patagonia. The story begins as the colonists trudge across northern Spain to volunteer for the project and follows them across the Atlantic to Montevideo. However, before the last ships reached the Americas, harsh weather, disease, and the prospect of mutiny on the Patagonian coast forced the Crown to abandon the project. Eventually, the peasant colonists were resettled in towns outside of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, where they raised families, bought slaves, and gradually integrated into colonial society. Gendered Crossings brings to life the diverse settings of the Iberian Atlantic and the transformations in the peasants’ gendered experiences as they moved around the Spanish Empire.

Maternal Judgments examines the role of race and gender in the responses to the world’s first vaccination campaign, helmed by the Spanish Crown in the early nineteenth century. In 1796 the English physician Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox to provide immunity against smallpox, making it the first vaccine in human history. Soon after, the Spanish monarchy extended the vaccine to its global empire. Using mostly orphaned boys as carriers, the Royal Philanthropic Expedition transported the vaccine from Spain to the Americas and the Philippines. At the same time, the king opened vaccination rooms across Spain, and individual doctors sought the vaccine from other sources. As the Crown decided not to make vaccination compulsory, the success of this multifaceted vaccination campaign relied on convincing mothers to have themselves, their children, and their dependents vaccinated. Maternal Judgments follows the vaccination campaign around the globe, examining the gendered strategies used to persuade women of all races and classes of the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and the complicated responses of the women who were some of the first mothers in history to decide whether to have their children vaccinated.

Maternal Judgments examines the role of race and gender in the responses to the world’s first vaccination campaign, helmed by the Spanish Crown in the early nineteenth century. In 1796 the English physician Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox to provide immunity against smallpox, making it the first vaccine in human history. Soon after, the Spanish monarchy extended the vaccine to its global empire. Using mostly orphaned boys as carriers, the Royal Philanthropic Expedition transported the vaccine from Spain to the Americas and the Philippines. At the same time, the king opened vaccination rooms across Spain, and individual doctors sought the vaccine from other sources. As the Crown decided not to make vaccination compulsory, the success of this multifaceted vaccination campaign relied on convincing mothers to have themselves, their children, and their dependents vaccinated. Maternal Judgments follows the vaccination campaign around the globe, examining the gendered strategies used to persuade women of all races and classes of the safety and efficacy of the vaccine and the complicated responses of the women who were some of the first mothers in history to decide whether to have their children vaccinated.

Over the past three decades scholars have transformed the study of women and gender in early modern Europe. This Ashgate Research Companion presents an authoritative review of the current research on women and gender in early modern Europe from a multi-disciplinary perspective. The authors examine women’s lives, ideologies of gender, and the differences between ideology and reality through the recent research across many disciplines, including history, literary studies, art history, musicology, history of science and medicine, and religious studies. The book is intended as a resource for scholars and students of Europe in the early modern period, for those who are just beginning to explore these issues and this time period, as well as for scholars learning about aspects of the field in which they are not yet an expert. The companion offers not only a comprehensive examination of the current research on women in early modern Europe, but will act as a spark for new research in the field.