Andreas Springer - Böcker

Details the many benefits of applying mass spectrometry to supramolecular chemistry Except as a method for the most basic measurements, mass spectrometry (MS) has long been considered incompatible with supramolecular chemistry. Yet, with today's methods, the disconnect between these two fields is not warranted. Mass Spectrometry and Gas-Phase Chemistry of Non-Covalent Complexes provides a convincing look at how modern MS techniques offer supramolecular chemists a powerful investigatory toolset.Bringing the two fields together in an interdisciplinary manner, this reference details the many different topics associated with the study of non-covalent complexes in the gas phase. The text begins with brief introductions to supramolecular chemistry and such relevant mass spectrometric methods as ionization techniques, analyzers, and tandem MS experiments. The coverage continues with: How the analyte's transition into the gas phase changes covalent bonding How limitations and pitfalls in analytical methods may produce data misinterpretations Artificial supramolecular aggregates and their examination Biomolecules, their complexes, and their examination After the general remarks making up the first section of the book, the following sections describe specific experimental procedures and are illustrated with numerous examples and short tutorials. Detailed citations end each chapter. Mass spectrometrists, supramolecular chemists, students in these fields, and interested readers from other disciplines involving the study of non-covalent bonds will all value Mass Spectrometry and Gas-Phase Chemistry of Non-Covalent Complexes as an innovative and practical resource.

It took more than 15 years of research, standardization work, and develop­ ment with an enormous effort of manpower to bring third generation (3G) wireless communication systems to life. The first research work on 3G sys­ tems started around 1988 [1]. At this time the striking success of second generation (2G) systems, especially of GSM (Global System for Mobile Com­ munications), was not yet evident. A substantial part of these early research activities took place in Europe and was sponsored by the European Commis­ sion in the course of research programs such as: Research and Development of Advanced Communications Technologies in Europe (RACE-I, RACE-2) and Advanced Communications Technology and Services (ACTS) [2]. Even before these activities, 3G systems were considered in 1992 at the WARC (World Administrative Radio Conference), where 230 MHz of spectrum around 2 GHz was identified for 3G, and in standardization bodies like the ITU (Interna­ tional Telecommunications Union) from a global perspective and ETSI (Eu­ ropean Telecommunications Standards Institute) in Europe. At the present time 3G networks are deployed or are already operating (e. g. , in Japan the first commercial 3G system started its service in October 2001). Unfortu­ nately, the initial idea to create one single 3G standard to allow for seam­ less world-wide roaming could not be realized. However, three of the five members of the so-called IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunica­ tions, the official acronym for 3G systems) family of standards are based on Wideband-CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).