Kathryn Sikkink – författare

A history of the successes of the human rights movement and a case for why human rights workEvidence for Hope makes the case that yes, human rights work. Critics may counter that the movement is in serious jeopardy or even a questionable byproduct of Western imperialism. Guantánamo is still open and governments are cracking down on NGOs everywhere. But human rights expert Kathryn Sikkink draws on decades of research and fieldwork to provide a rigorous rebuttal to doubts about human rights laws and institutions. Past and current trends indicate that in the long term, human rights movements have been vastly effective. Exploring the strategies that have led to real humanitarian gains since the middle of the twentieth century, Evidence for Hope looks at how essential advances can be sustained for decades to come.

Why we cannot truly implement human rights unless we also recognize human responsibilitiesWhen we debate questions in international law, politics, and justice, we often use the language of rights—and far less often the language of responsibilities. Human rights scholars and activists talk about state responsibility for rights, but they do not articulate clear norms about other actors’ obligations. In this book, Kathryn Sikkink argues that we cannot truly implement human rights unless we also recognize and practice the corresponding human responsibilities.  Focusing on five areas—climate change, voting, digital privacy, freedom of speech, and sexual assault—and providing many examples of on‑the‑ground initiatives where people choose to embrace a close relationship between rights and responsibilities, Sikkink argues for the importance of responsibilities to any comprehensive understanding of political ethics and human rights.

Grawemeyer Award winner Kathryn Sikkink offers a landmark argument for human rights prosecutions as a powerful political tool. She shows how, in just three decades, state leaders in Latin America, Europe, and Africa have lost their immunity from any accountability for their human rights violations, becoming the subjects of highly publicized trials resulting in severe consequences. This shift is affecting the behavior of political leaders worldwide and may change the face of global politics as we know it.Drawing on extensive research and illuminating personal experience, Sikkink reveals how the stunning emergence of human rights prosecutions has come about; what effect it has had on democracy, conflict, and repression; and what it means for leaders and citizens everywhere, from Uruguay to the United States. The Justice Cascade is a vital read for anyone interested in the future of world politics and human rights.

This book celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by showing how global human rights norms have influenced national government practices in eleven different countries around the world. Had the principles articulated in the Declaration had any effect on the behavior of states towards their citizens? What are the conditions under which international human rights norms are internalized in domestic practices? And what can we learn from this case about why, how, and under what conditions international norms in general influence the actions of states? This book draws on the work of social constructivists to examine these important issues. The contributors examine eleven countries representing five different world regions - Northern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe - drawing practical lessons for activists and policy makers concerned with preserving and extending the human rights gains made during the past fifty years.

This book celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by showing how global human rights norms have influenced national government practices in eleven different countries around the world. Had the principles articulated in the Declaration had any effect on the behavior of states towards their citizens? What are the conditions under which international human rights norms are internalized in domestic practices? And what can we learn from this case about why, how, and under what conditions international norms in general influence the actions of states? This book draws on the work of social constructivists to examine these important issues. The contributors examine eleven countries representing five different world regions - Northern Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe - drawing practical lessons for activists and policy makers concerned with preserving and extending the human rights gains made during the past fifty years.

A history of the successes of the human rights movement and a case for why human rights work Evidence for Hope makes the case that, yes, human rights work. Critics may counter that the movement is in serious jeopardy or even a questionable byproduct of Western imperialism. They point out that Guantanamo is still open, the Arab Spring protests have been crushed, and governments are cracking down on NGOs everywhere. But respected human rights expert Kathryn Sikkink draws on decades of research and fieldwork to provide a rigorous rebuttal to the pessimistic doubts about human rights laws and institutions. She demonstrates that change comes slowly and as the result of struggle, but in the long term, human rights movements have been vastly effective. Attacks on the human rights movement's credibility are based on the faulty premise that human rights ideas emerged in North America and Europe and were imposed on developing southern nations. Starting in the 1940s, Latin American leaders and activists were actually early advocates for the international protection of human rights.Sikkink shows that activists and scholars disagree about the efficacy of human rights because they use different yardsticks to measure progress. Comparing the present to the past, she shows that genocide and violence against civilians have declined over time, while access to healthcare and education has increased dramatically. Cognitive and news biases contribute to pervasive cynicism, but Sikkink's investigation into past and current trends indicates that human rights is not in its twilight. Instead, this is a period of vibrant activism that has made impressive improvements in human well-being. Exploring the strategies that have led to real humanitarian gains since the middle of the twentieth century, Evidence for Hope looks at how these essential advances can be supported and sustained for decades to come.

The Power of Human Rights (published in 1999) was an innovative and influential contribution to the study of international human rights. At its center was a 'spiral model' of human rights change which described the various socialization processes through which international norms were internalized into the domestic practices of various authoritarian states during the Cold War years. The Persistent Power of Human Rights builds on these insights, extending its reach and analysis. It updates our understanding of the various causal mechanisms and conditions which produce behavioural compliance, and expands the range of rights-violating actors examined to include democratic and authoritarian Great Powers, corporations, guerrilla groups, and private actors. Using a unique blend of quantitative and qualitative research and theory, this book yields not only important new academic insights but also a host of useful lessons for policy-makers and practitioners.

The Power of Human Rights (published in 1999) was an innovative and influential contribution to the study of international human rights. At its center was a 'spiral model' of human rights change which described the various socialization processes through which international norms were internalized into the domestic practices of various authoritarian states during the Cold War years. The Persistent Power of Human Rights builds on these insights, extending its reach and analysis. It updates our understanding of the various causal mechanisms and conditions which produce behavioural compliance, and expands the range of rights-violating actors examined to include democratic and authoritarian Great Powers, corporations, guerrilla groups, and private actors. Using a unique blend of quantitative and qualitative research and theory, this book yields not only important new academic insights but also a host of useful lessons for policy-makers and practitioners.

Research on international norms has yet to answer satisfactorily some of our own most important questions about the origins of norms and the conditions under which some norms win out over others. The authors argue that international relations (IR) theorists should engage more with research in moral psychology and neuroscience to advance theories of norm emergence and resonance. This Element first provides an overview of six areas of research in neuroscience and moral psychology that hold particular promise for norms theorists and international relations theory more generally. It next surveys existing literature in IR to see how literature from moral psychology is already being put to use, and then recommends a research agenda for norms researchers engaging with this literature. The authors do not believe that this exchange should be a one-way street, however, and they discuss various ways in which the IR literature on norms may be of interest and of use to moral psychologists, and of use to advocacy communities.

Research on international norms has yet to answer satisfactorily some of our own most important questions about the origins of norms and the conditions under which some norms win out over others. The authors argue that international relations (IR) theorists should engage more with research in moral psychology and neuroscience to advance theories of norm emergence and resonance. This Element first provides an overview of six areas of research in neuroscience and moral psychology that hold particular promise for norms theorists and international relations theory more generally. It next surveys existing literature in IR to see how literature from moral psychology is already being put to use, and then recommends a research agenda for norms researchers engaging with this literature. The authors do not believe that this exchange should be a one-way street, however, and they discuss various ways in which the IR literature on norms may be of interest and of use to moral psychologists, and of use to advocacy communities.

En este libro Sikkink muestra cómo las bases que permitieron la asombrosa acusación pública contra Slobodan Milosêvic y contra Pinochet, removieron todo el sistema internacional, fueron sentadas por el largo y continuo activismo de civiles, a muchos de los cuales les habían destruido sus familias por la tortura, el asesinato y la desaparición.Partiendo de su profunda investigación y sus notables experiencias personales, Sikkink explora la construcción de estos movimientos pro justicia, desde sus raíces en Núremberg hasta los cruciales juicios en Grecia y en Argentina, y sin olvidar la creación de la Corte Penal Internacional.Su lucha por la justicia llevó algunas veces a estos colectivos a arriesgar sus propias vidas y carreras. La autora también explica el efecto que la cascada de la justicia ha tenido sobre la democracia, los conflictos y la represión y por supuesto lo que significa para los líderes y ciudadanos de cualquier parte del mundo, incluyendo a los responsables políticos detrás de la "guerra contra el terrorismo" en los Estados Unidos, sabiendo que tarde o temprano la justicia actuará. De esta manera Sikkink muestra como los juicios de lesa humanidad son una herramienta que está cambiando la fisonomía de la política global tal como la conocemos ahora.

This book collects and analyzes a repertoire of responses by human rights organizations to the crackdown against civil society in the populist context. Written by scholars and advocates in challenging political settings from around the world, this book offers ideas and inspiration to their peers in the human rights community who are grappling with and resisting the erosion of democracy and rights.This collection takes two steps towards clearing the path for this civil society transformation. First, it clarifies the specific challenges to human rights raised by contemporary populist regimes and movements. What is the populist playbook against human rights? Second, it contributes to documenting and learning from a wealth of initiatives by human rights actors. What innovations are human rights actors introducing into their strategies and narratives to counter those of populist regimes? In short, what is the human rights playbook against populism?From meticulous documentation of abuses in Turkey to more grassroots forms of social networking in Hungary, from peace caravans in India to finding new ways of being useful under 21st century dictatorships in Venezuela, like war correspondents reporting from the trenches, our authors step forward to share their own continuing struggles to help their communities.Based on evidence from populist governments in India, Venezuela, Hungary, Turkey, Russia, the United States, and Ecuador—as well as crackdowns against civil society in South Africa, Egypt and other countries—this volume provides hope, solidarity, and reinvigoration for the human rights movement.

What does justice mean in times of transition? What kinds of possibilities and dissapointments emerge from processes of seeking justice through transition? How might we understand these processes through narrative?In August 2015, a group of Global South human rights activists and researchers gathered in Colombia for a workshop organized around the theme of transitional justice. This book, the third in a series, is the result of the discussions performed in that encounter.The chapters in this volume illustrate many complexities of transitional justice processes from the perspective of young human rights advocates involved in these struggles, many with their own complicated personal connections to the search for justice. These advocates hail from countries that have divergent relationships with the notion of transitional justice, from places deeply embedded in its norms and processes, such as Argentina and Colombia, to countries undergoing various kinds of transitions on very different terms, such as Turkey and Mexico. All of the chapters, however, write the messiness of seeking justice through transitions, spanning from the personal and intimate to the national and global.Together, these chapters beautifully illustrate both the pain and the political possibilities that come from the inability to leave history in the past, as well as the creativity of individual and collective efforts to seek justice through transitions. They also demonstrate the beauty of speaking, working, and writing justice from the hear.

Una nueva guía para actores de derechos humanos. Este libro recopila y analiza un repertorio de respuestas de organizaciones de derechos humanos a la represión contra la sociedad civil en el contexto populista. Escrito por académicos y defensores que trabajan en entornos políticos desafiantes en todo el mundo, este libro ofrece ideas e inspiración para los activistas de derechos humanos que luchan y resisten la erosión de la democracia y los derechos.Esta colección busca facilitar la transformación de la sociedad civil de dos formas: En primer lugar, identifica los desafíos específicos que los regímenes y movimientos populistas contemporáneos crean para los derechos humanos. ¿Cuáles son las estrategias de los populistas contra los derechos humanos? En segundo lugar, contribuye a documentar y aprender de una variedad de iniciativas lideradas por diferentes defensores de derechos humanos. ¿Qué innovaciones están integrando los actores de derechos humanos en sus estrategias y narrativas para contrarrestar las de los regímenes populistas? En resumen, ¿cuál es el manual o las estrategias de derechos humanos contra el populismo?Desde una documentación detallada sobre abusos en Turquía a formas más populares de redes sociales en Hungría, desde caravanas de paz en la India hasta nuevas formas para tener impacto bajo las dictaduras del siglo XXI en Venezuela, como corresponsales de guerra informando desde las trincheras, nuestros autores comparten sus propias luchas continuas para ayudar a sus comunidades.Con base en la evidencia de gobiernos populistas en India, Venezuela, Hungría, Turquía, Rusia, Estados Unidos y Ecuador, así como enérgicas medidas contra la sociedad civil en Sudáfrica, Egipto y otros países, este volumen brinda esperanza, solidaridad y revitalización para el movimiento de derechos humanos.

Activists, particularly those based in the global South, have accumulated a wealth of experience in dealing with a range of transnational networks operating in diverse issue areas. New theoretical understandings have reflected this accumulating experience.As the twentieth century came to a close, the practice of global and transnational politics was undergoing a sea change. Understandings of its dynamics were changing along with the practice. Classic paradigms of international relations, which had focused almost exclusively on relations among nation-states, were being expanded to consider the impact of transnational civil society organizations. Recognition of the role of new nonstate actors in global politics was epitomized by the impact of Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink''s Activists beyond Borders in 1998. Their framework is a foundational reference point for the analyses of recent and future trends that are set out in this book.This volume brings together a set of ten essays by reflective activists who draw on their experience to provide new insights into what has been happening in the world of transnational advocacy, and by engaged academics who are committed to using the tools of their disciplines to contribute to the same agenda. The essays reflect not only the views of individual authors but also the collective dialogue among the authors at the workshop where the papers were originally presented in the spring of 2015.

¿Los derechos humanos funcionan? Más allá de los reconocimientos formales y las declaraciones grandilocuentes sobre su importancia, ¿el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, sus instituciones y movimientos han producido un cambio positivo en el mundo? La sola existencia hoy de la cárcel de Guantánamo, de conflictos armados con bombardeos a civiles y torturas, de regímenes autoritarios y de represión a minorías parece indicar que asistimos a un retroceso en la materia.Kathryn Sikkink, reconocida especialista en el tema, se hace eco de este debate para plantear que, pese a lo que muchos ven como un saldo negativo, la ampliación del alcance de los derechos humanos a escala global ha sido permanente en las últimas décadas. Así, partir de un exhaustivo recorrido por la segunda mitad del siglo XX, y repasando los supuestos teóricos y metodológicos de las voces más destacadas, la autora demuestra el impacto positivo del derecho internacional y la incidencia fundamental de las organizaciones de la sociedad civil en ese proceso. Sikkink deconstruye la idea de que los derechos humanos surgieron como una iniciativa de las regiones más poderosas que irradió luego hacia los países del Sur Global. También, con datos estadísticos rigurosos, que los errores y sesgos al cuantificar el progreso de esos derechos llevan a conclusiones equivocadas: las cifras actuales indican que disminuyeron distintas formas de violencia mientras se incrementó notablemente el acceso a la salud y a la educación, entre otros.Las razones para la esperanza que este libro postula no surgen de un optimismo acrítico; son resultado más bien de un análisis muy documentado sobre avances y retrocesos que dan forma a "una esperanza razonada, bien informada y paciente", y que nos llevarán sin duda a reconocer lo que ha pasado en la historia y lo que es posible en el futuro, gracias al compromiso y las luchas constantes de quienes buscan hacer de este un mundo más igualitario.