Shigeyoshi Tsutsui - Böcker

The tremendous world-wide interest in intelligent biometric techniques in fingerprint and face recognition is fueled by the myriad of potential applications, including banking and security systems, and limited only by the imaginations of scientists and engineers. This growing interest poses new challenges to the fields of expert systems, neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computing, which offer the advantages of learning abilities and human-like behavior. Authored by a panel of international experts, this book presents a thorough treatment of established and emerging applications and techniques relevant to this field.

The term evolutionary computing (EC) refers to the study of the foundations and applications of certain heuristic techniques based on the principles of natural evolution, and thus the aim when designing evolutionary algorithms (EAs) is to mimic some of the processes taking place in natural evolution. Many researchers around the world have been developing EC methodologies for designing intelligent decision-making systems for a variety of real-world problems. This book provides a collection of 40 articles, written by leading experts in the field, containing new material on both the theoretical aspects of EC and demonstrating its usefulness in various kinds of large-scale real-world problems. Of the articles contributed, 23 articles deal with various theoretical aspects of EC and 17 demonstrate successful applications of EC methodologies.

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are metaheuristics that learn from natural collective behavior and are applied to solve optimization problems in domains such as scheduling, engineering, bioinformatics, and finance. Such applications demand acceptable solutions with high-speed execution using finite computational resources. Therefore, there have been many attempts to develop platforms for running parallel EAs using multicore machines, massively parallel cluster machines, or grid computing environments. Recent advances in general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) have opened up this possibility for parallel EAs, and this is the first book dedicated to this exciting development. The three chapters of Part I are tutorials, representing a comprehensive introduction to the approach, explaining the characteristics of the hardware used, and presenting a representative project to develop a platform for automatic parallelization of evolutionary computing (EC) on GPGPUs. The 10 chapters in Part II focus on how to consider key EC approaches in the light of this advanced computational technique, in particular addressing generic local search, tabu search, genetic algorithms, differential evolution, swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, systolic genetic search, genetic programming, and multiobjective optimization. The 6 chapters in Part III present successful results from real-world problems in data mining, bioinformatics, drug discovery, crystallography, artificial chemistries, and sudoku. Although the parallelism of EAs is suited to the single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD)-based GPU, there are many issues to be resolved in design and implementation, and a key feature of the contributions is the practical engineering advice offered. This book will be of value to researchers, practitioners,and graduate students in the areas of evolutionary computation and scientific computing.

The term evolutionary computing refers to the study of the foundations and applications of certain heuristic techniques based on the principles of natural evolution; thus the aim of designing evolutionary algorithms (EAs) is to mimic some of the processes taking place in natural evolution. These algo­ rithms are classified into three main categories, depending more on historical development than on major functional techniques. In fact, their biological basis is essentially the same. Hence EC = GA uGP u ES uEP EC = Evolutionary Computing GA = Genetic Algorithms,GP = Genetic Programming ES = Evolution Strategies,EP = Evolutionary Programming Although the details of biological evolution are not completely understood (even nowadays), there is some strong experimental evidence to support the following points: • Evolution is a process operating on chromosomes rather than on organ­ isms. • Natural selection is the mechanism that selects organisms which are well­ adapted to the environment toreproduce more often than those which are not. • The evolutionary process takes place during the reproduction stage that includes mutation (which causes the chromosomes of offspring to be dif­ ferent from those of the parents) and recombination (which combines the chromosomes of the parents to produce the offspring). Based upon these features, the previously mentioned three models of evolutionary computing were independently (and almost simultaneously) de­ veloped. An evolutionary algorithm (EA) is an iterative and stochastic process that operates on a set of individuals (called a population).