Ursula Klein – författare

It is often assumed that natural philosophy was the forerunner of early modern natural sciences. But where did these sciences' systematic observation and experimentation get their starts? In "Materials and Expertise in Early Modern Europe", the laboratories, workshops, and marketplaces emerge as arenas where hands-on experience united with higher learning. In an age when chemistry, mineralogy, geology, and botany intersected with mining, metallurgy, pharmacy, and gardening, materials were objects that crossed disciplines. Here, the contributors tell the stories of metals, clay, gunpowder, pigments, and foods, and thereby demonstrate the innovative practices of technical experts, the development of the consumer market, and the formation of the observational and experimental sciences in the early modern period. By exploring the hybrid expertise involved in the making, consumption, and promotion of various materials, the book offers an original perspective on important issues in the history of science, medicine, and technology.

In the early nineteenth century, chemistry emerged in Europe as a truly experimental discipline. What set this process in motion, and how did it evolve? Experimentalization in chemistry was driven by a seemingly innocuous tool: the sign system of chemical formulas invented by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius. By tracing the history of this "paper tool," the author reveals how chemistry quickly lost its orientation to natural history and became a major productive force in industrial society. These formulas were not merely a convenient shorthand, but productive tools for creating order amid the chaos of early nineteenth-century organic chemistry. With these formulas, chemists could create a multifaceted world on paper, which they then correlated with experiments and the traces produced in test tubes and flasks. The author's semiotic approach to the formulas allows her to show in detail how their particular semantic and representational qualities made them especially useful as paper tools for productive application.

** A Cultural History of Chemistry: Volumes 1-6 is a 2023 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title ** A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1700 to 1815. Setting the progress of science and technology in its cultural context, the volume re-examines the changes that many have considered to constitute a "chemical revolution". Already boasting a laboratory culture open to both manufacturing and commerce, the discipline of chemistry now extended into academies and universities. Chemists studied myriad materials - derived from minerals, plants, and animals - and produced an increasing number of chemical substances such as acids, alkalis, and gases. New textbooks offered opportunities for classifying substances, rethinking old theories and elaborating new ones. By the end of the period – in Europe and across the globe - chemistry now embodied the promise of unifying practice and theory.The six-volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation.Matthew Daniel Eddy is Professor and Chair in the History and Philosophy of Science at Durham University, UK. Ursula Klein is Senior Research Scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany.A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century is the fourth volume in the six-volume set, A Cultural History of Chemistry, also available online as part of Bloomsbury Cultural History, a fully-searchable digital library (see www.bloomsburyculturalhistory.com).General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA.

This book provides novel insights into the practices of representing invisible objects in nineteenth-century and twentieth-century laboratory sciences. It tackles questions such as: How did scientific practitioners make sense of mathematical representations of theoretical entities, and did their understanding depend on transformations of mathematical sign systems into diagrams, graphs or other iconic modes of representation? Are modes of representation conceptually essential or merely decorative features of scientific discourse? Why did experimental scientists implement theoretically loaded sign systems, such as chemical formulas, in their practical activities, and what were the functions of such sign systems in experimental practice? The essays contained in this volume carefully follow the way scientists constructed, juxtaposed and transformed representations of invisible objects of inquiry, and explore the pragmatic use of representations as tools in scientific and industrial practices.Historians and philosophers of science, but also experimental scientists interested in the epistemological, semiotic and historical issues of their discipline, will find theoretical propositions about representations as well as a multifaceted portrayal of scientists' constructions and applications of representations - be they the structural formula of a dye, the three-dimensional model of a protein, a table conveying relationships between chemical elements, a diagram depicting the functional relationships of the genetic apparatus, or a lengthy text dealing with the molecular level of objects.

** A Cultural History of Chemistry: Volumes 1-6 is a 2023 CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title **A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1700 to 1815. Setting the progress of science and technology in its cultural context, the volume re-examines the changes that many have considered to constitute a "chemical revolution". Already boasting a laboratory culture open to both manufacturing and commerce, the discipline of chemistry now extended into academies and universities. Chemists studied myriad materials - derived from minerals, plants, and animals - and produced an increasing number of chemical substances such as acids, alkalis, and gases. New textbooks offered opportunities for classifying substances, rethinking old theories and elaborating new ones. By the end of the period – in Europe and across the globe - chemistry now embodied the promise of unifying practice and theory. The six-volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation.Matthew Daniel Eddy is Professor and Chair in the History and Philosophy of Science at Durham University, UK. Ursula Klein is Senior Research Scholar at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany.A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century is the fourth volume in the six-volume set, A Cultural History of Chemistry, also available online as part of Bloomsbury Cultural History, a fully-searchable digital library (see www.bloomsburyculturalhistory.com).General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA.

Das Thema Frühpädagogik hat Hochkonjunktur. Im Vordergrund der öffentlichen Auseinandersetzung stehen die Bedeutung der frühen Förderung hinsichtlich der Entwicklungschancen von Kindern und die gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Einrichtungen sowie die Ausbildung der dort professionell Tätigen. Es ist ein besonderes Verdienst der Autorin mit dem vorliegenden Buch den Fokus auf die Erzieherinnen und Erzieher und deren Förderung und Professionalisierung zu richten. Ihr gelingt es, das Thema Frühpädagogik zu erden: Statt wie gehabt Forderungen aufzustellen, die oft abgehoben wirken und eher Brüche als Anknüpfungsmöglichkeiten markieren, zeigt die Autorin tragfähige Verbindungslinien auf. Ursula Klein rekonstruiert fundiert und prägnant die historische Dimension der Entstehung des Erzieherinnenberufs. Kenntnisreich und umfassend informiert sie über den aktuellen Stand der Professionalisierung dieses Berufs und seiner derzeit geltenden politischen, rechtlichen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen. Sie entwickelt durchdachte und überzeugende Konzepte für eine fortschreitende Professionalisierung, die Bewährtes mit Innovativem verknüpfen. Präzise und stimmig beschreibt Ursula Klein, wie die Instrumente Weiterbildung und Supervision wirkungsvoll zum Einsatz kommen. Besonders wertvoll für die Leserin und den Leser sind die Fallstudien, die die Autorin anhand von vier Expertinneninterviews darstellt. Vorgehensweisen und Methoden gelungener qualitativer Sozialforschung werden transparent beschrieben. Die durch die sorgfältige Auswertung zu Tage geförderten Ergebnisse geben einen erhellenden Einblick in die erlebte Realität von erfahrenen Erzieherinnen (zum Teil in Leitungsfunktion) in ihren beruflichen Kontexten. Diese werden zu Kernthemen gebündelt undhinsichtlich der Professionalisierungsinstrumente Weiterbildung und Supervision konsequent umgesetzt. Prof. Dr. Klaus Schneider Evangelische Hochschule Freiburg Vorwort