Politics and Trade in Britain, 1776-1914

Dr. Gordon Bannerman received his Ph.D. from King’s College London in 2005 and has an extensive publication record of books, articles, and reviews. He was admitted as a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in 2015 for his contribution to historical scholarship. Dr. Bannerman has taught British history at the London School of Economics, Dundee University, and King’s College London. He currently teaches The History of Business and Government and Business at the University of Guelph-Humber, Ontario.

• Politics and Trade in the Long Nineteenth Century, 1776-1914Edited by Gordon BannermanVolume 1: 1776-1840AcknowledgementsEditorial PrincipleChronologyGeneral IntroductionVolume 1 Introduction1. Adam Smith and Lord North Report2. Letter of ‘Remark’ on Adam Smith 3. Extract from a speech by the Earl of Shelburne4. Extracts from Duke of Rutland to William Pitt, 16 June 17845. William Pitt to Duke of Rutland, 4 December 17846. Charles James Fox, speech of 24 May 17857. The Commercial Treaty. A New Ballad, from France8. French Treaty9. Charles James Fox, speech at the King’s Speech on Opening the Session, 23 January 178710. General Chamber of Manufacturers of Great Britain 11. Editorial on French Treaty, 12. Lord Sheffield to William Eden, 11 February 1787, William Eden to Lord Sheffield, February 1787, Josiah Wedgwood to Lord Auckland, 16 June 1787 13. Abridgment of the State of Politicks this Week14. Extract from William Edward Hartpole Lecky History of England in the Eighteenth Century15. France: National Convention, 31 December 1792 16. Lord Sheffield to Lord Auckland, 5 February 179317. Protest of Lords on War with France18. Lord Glastonbury to William Pitt, 12 March 179919. Charles Maurice Talleyrand to Charles James Fox, 1 April 1806 and Charles James Fox to Charles Maurice Talleyrand, 8 April 180620. Extract from Diary of Thomas Handasyde Baxter, 1810-11 21. Editorial for Orders in Council; Petition for withdrawing the Orders in Council & Copy of Resolutions inclosed in the letter to the Mayor 22. Declaration of Prince Regent against French Decrees of Berlin and Milan and on Orders in Council, 21 April 181223. Orders in Council Editorial, Leeds Mercury, 11 July 181224. Extract from W. Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times: laissez faire 25. Criticus, ‘Parliamentary Criticism: Lord Holland’,26. Resolutions of Committee of Whole House on the State of the Corn Laws (1815)27. Extracts from The Diary and Correspondence of Charles Abbot, Lord Colchester, Speaker of the House of Commons, 1802-181728. Letters of Francis Horner to his father, 30 January 1815, to Lord Murray, 3 March 1815, and to Henry Hallam, 14 October 181629. ‘On the Freedom of Trade’30. ‘Lord John Russell’ 31. Extract from Memoir of John Charles, Viscount Althorp, third Earl Spencer 32. George Canning to the Earl of Liverpool, 12 September 182533. ‘To Mr. Huskisson’ 34. Correspondence between Kirkman Finlay, John Gladstone, and William Huskisson, March 1826, 35. The Right Hon. W. Huskisson; Free Trade36. Editorial on Mr. Huskisson and Free Trade 37. James Silk Buckingham, ‘The East India Company’s Charter, and the trade to India and China’38. Extract from the diary of Thomas Handasyde Baxter, 18 September 183039. Speeches of Earl of Malmesbury, Lord Seagrave, Earl of Radnor, and Earl of Carnarvon, Parliamentary Reform – Bill for England40. ‘Reform and Free Trade’, ‘The Corn Laws’, and ‘A Warwickshire Farmer’41. ‘To Our Readers’, 42. ‘Difficulties of the Commission’, Commercial Relations between France and Great Britain by G. Villiers and J. Bowring; Viscount Melbourne to Thomas Spring Rice, 20 September 1835 43. Henry Cockburn on Manufacturing, 2 April 183544. [Thomas Dick], ‘The Corn Laws’45. Election addresses of Sir John Gladstone and Henry Parnell to the electors of Dundee46. Charles Pelham Villiers to Joseph Sturge, 15 August 1838 and Henry Brougham to Joseph Sturge, 29 September 183847. Lord Brougham to William Weir, Chairman of Glasgow Anti-Corn Law Association, 2 October 183848. Lord Melbourne to Lord John Russell, 29 December 183849. Richard Cobden to William Tait, 9 January 183950. Minutes of Glasgow Chamber of Commerce, 2 & 16 January 1839; ‘Abolition of the Corn Laws’51. Lord Melbourne to Lord John Russell, 18 & 20 January 183952. ‘The Corn Laws and the Chartists of Birmingham’; ‘The Farce of Petitioning the House’53. Richard Cobden to Charles Pelham Villiers, 3 March 183954. Richard Cobden to John Norton, 5 April 183955. Thomas Campbell to Archibald Campbell, 27 September 183956. Richard Cobden to Henry Coppock. 12 September 1840 57. Richard Cobden to William Beadon, 19 November 1840 and 24 December 1840BiographyBibliographyIndexVolume 2: 1841-1879AcknowledgementsEditorial PrincipleChronologyGeneral IntroductionVolume 2 Introduction1. Richard Cobden to John Benjamin Smith, 28 March 18412. Extract from Richard Oastler, The Fleet Papers; being Letters to Thomas Thornhill Esquire of Riddlesworth With occasional communications from friends3. Extract from Thomas Cleghorn (ed.), Journal of Henry Cockburn, being a continuation of the memorials of his time, 1831-18544. Richard Cobden to John Benjamin Smith, 2 May 1841 5. Dundee Chamber of Commerce, Baltic Coffee House minute books, 1835-50; Richard Cobden to Alexander Low, and editorial; ‘Borough Election’; ‘Dundee Election’6. Richard Cobden to Charles Pelham Villiers, 6 September 18417. Extract from Edwin Hodder (ed.), The Life and Work of the seventh Earl of Shaftesbury8. Richard Cobden to Duncan McLaren, 12 March 18429. Sir Robert Peel to John Wilson Croker, 27 July & 3 August 184210. Richard Cobden to Lord Brougham, 5 August 1842 11. Robert Peel to John Wilson Croker [Extract], 8 August 1842 12. Lord John Russell to Fox Maule, 20 December 1842 and Fox Maule to Lord John Russell, 25 December 184213. Lord Palmerston to Lord John Russell, 28 April 1843 14. ‘The Anti-Corn Law League and the Country’15. Richard Cobden to Duncan McLaren, 1 June 184316. Article from Morning Chronicle, 29 September 184317. ‘Central Agricultural Protection Society’, and ‘Editorial’ from Essex Standard18. Extract from R. L. Hill, Toryism and the People, 1832-1846 19. Richard Cobden to Joseph Sturge, 11 March 1845 20. Lord John Russell, Letter to the Electors of the City of London, 22 November 184521. Henry Goulburn to Sir Robert Peel, 30 November 184522. Extract from Thomas Cleghorn (ed.), Journal of Henry Cockburn, being a continuation of the memorials of his time, 1831-185423. Sir James Graham to Lord John Russell, 12 December 1845 24. ‘The Corn Laws’ and ‘The Crisis’25. Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria,16 December 1845, Sir Robert Peel to Queen Victoria, 17 December 1845, and Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria, 20 December 1845 26. ‘The Struggle’, Northern Star and National Trades’ Journal 27. Richard Cobden to John Benjamin Smith, 28 January 1846, 28. Editorial on Lord Grey and Free Trade, Morning Post29. Extract from R. L. Hill, Toryism and the People, 1832-1846 30. John Wilson Croker to Lord Brougham, 4 & 8 February 184631. ‘Mr. C. Greville on the "Education" of Public Men’, Weekly Chronicle32. ‘Uncalled-for Interference’, Carlisle Journal33. ‘The Premier’s Anti-Corn Law Crotchet’, Royal Leamington Spa Courier and Warwickshire 34. Henry Negus Burroughes MP to Sir Robert Peel, 27 March 184635. Macfie and son, sugar refiners, letter and memorial to Lord John Russell and Viscount Palmerston, 9 May 184636. Sir Robert Peel’s Memorandum on the Position of the Corn Laws, 21 June 1846 37. Lord Stanley to John Wilson Croker [Extract], 23 August 184638. ‘The Navigation Acts’, Aberdeen Journal39. ‘Metropolitan Memoranda’, Liverpool Mail; ‘The Journeymen Bakers’, Bath Chronicle & Weekly Gazette40. Benjamin Disraeli to Lord Stanley, 20 October 1849, with enclosure, Benjamin Disraeli to George Frederick Young, 19 October 1849, and Lord Stanley to Benjamin Disraeli, 25 October 184941. Richard Cobden to Lord John Russell, 20 March 185242. ‘The Four Political Factions’, Reynolds’s Newspaper43. Karl Marx, ‘Tories and Whigs’44. Lord John Russell to Lord Aberdeen, 17 August 185245. Lord John Russell to Lord Yarborough, 10 October 1852 46. Extract from R. A. J. Walling (ed.), The Diaries of John Bright 47. Lord Derby to Benjamin Disraeli, 20 June 48. Richard Cobden to Joseph Sturge, 26 August 185349. Extract from R. A. J. Walling (ed.), The Diaries of John Bright 50. Charles E. Greville, The Greville Memoirs: a Journal of the Reigns of King George IV, King William IV, and Queen Victoria; George Armistead & Co, David Martin & Co, Allan Edward & Co., Paton & Fleming, Edward Baxter & son & c. to George Duncan MP, 20 October 185451. John Bright to Richard Cobden, 16 April 185752. Extract from Richard Cobden, Diary in France and Algeria, 1859-6153. John Bright to Richard Cobden, 5 February 186054. Extract from Richard Cobden, Diary in France and Algeria, 1859-6155. Richard Cobden to John Slagg, 15 February 186256. Richard Cobden to Duncan McLaren, 17 March 186357. [Lord Salisbury], Review: Art. X. – 1. An Essay on the History of the English Government and Constitution, from the Reign of Henry VII. to the present Time by John Earl Russell. 2. Parliamentary Government considered with reference to Reform by Earl Grey. 3. The Liberal Dilemma. A Letter addressed to the Editor of the ‘Times’ by Charles Buxton, M.P.58. Richard Cobden to Henry Ashworth, 27 August 186459. ‘Reciprocal Free Trade’, Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser60. ‘Manchester Reciprocity Association’, Standard61. Lord Granville to Gladstone, 21 September 1871 and Mr. Gladstone to Lord Granville, 23 September 187162. Memorandum of Mr. Gladstone, 3-9 October 1871 63. ‘The Revivers of British Industry and Mr. John Bright’, Manchester Evening News64. ‘The Coventry Protectionists and Mr. Bright, M.P.’, Manchester Weekly Times65. Extract from John Stuart Mill, Autobiography, 66. ‘The Depressed State of Trade and Reciprocity’, East London Observer, and Tower Hamlets and Borough of Hackney Chronicle; ‘Conference of Conservatives at Blackpool’, Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser67. J. N., ‘A New Zollverein’ Leamington Spa Courier and Warwickshire Advertiser68. ‘The Social Science Congress’, Daily News (London); ‘Social Science Congress’, Glasgow HeraldBiographyBibliographyIndexVolume 3: 1880-1914 AcknowledgementsEditorial PrincipleChronologyGeneral IntroductionVolume 3 Introduction1. Extract from W. Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times: laissez faire2. Editorial on Mr. Wheelhouse’s Parliamentary Motion, Huddersfield Daily Chronicle 3. ‘British Trade with France’, Glasgow Herald4. H. E. Crum-Ewing to Earl Granville, 29 November 1880, H. E. Crum-Ewing to Joseph Chamberlain, 29 November 1880, Evelyn Ashley to Messrs. Monteith & Kelly, 2 December 1880, Evelyn Ashley to T. D. Hill, 2 December 1880 5. ‘The Sugar Bounties Question. Professor Fawcett, Lord Derby, and Mr. Stewart M. P. on Bounties’6. ‘Commercial Treaties’, Newcastle Courant7. Memorial of the Association of Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom. To the Right Honourable Earl Granville, K.G., Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 8 June 1881, in Representations from Chambers of Commerce and other commercial associations relative to the proposed new Commercial Treaty with France and the French tariff.8. ‘Fair Trade’, North-Eastern Daily Gazette for Middlesborough9. ‘The Protectionists’ New Departure’, Pall Mall Gazette: An Evening Newspaper and Review10. Extract from Agatha Ramm (ed.), The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1876-188611. ‘Mr. Gladstone and the National Fair Trade League’, Leeds Mercury; Morning Post12. Samuel Duncan to Winston Churchill, 19 October 190313. ‘Fair Trade meeting in the City of London’, Hampshire Advertiser14. Extracts from Fair-Trade: a Weekly Journal devoted to Industry and Commerce15. ‘The Government Defeat’, Fair-Trade: a Weekly Journal devoted to Industry and Commerce16. ‘Fair Trade’, Daily News17. ‘Election results’, Fair-Trade: a Weekly Journal devoted to Industry and Commerce18. ‘The Fair Trade Bubble Pricked’, The North-Eastern Daily Gazette for Middlesborough19. Peripatetic, ‘The National "Fair Trade League"’, Cambridge Independent Press and University Herald20. Samuel Cunliffe Lister, England’s Folly: a paper read before the Silk Section of the Jubilee Exhibition, at Manchester, 21 October, 1887 21. Extract from ‘Lord R. Churchill on Fair Trade’, Standard22. Lord Salisbury to George Goschen, 18 November 188723. ‘Conservative Conference at Oxford: the Free Trade Question’, Essex Standard 24. ‘John Bright – Past and Present’, Reynolds’s Newspaper25. Harry Quelch, ‘Protection and Poverty’, Justice26. Goldwin Smith to Lord Farrer, 22 and 30 June 189227. ‘Lord Salisbury’s attitude to Free Trade’, Pall Mall Gazette 28. Extract from F. P. de Labilliere, Federal Britain; or, Unity and Federation of the Empire29. ‘Mr. Keir Hardie on the Labour Party’, Birmingham Daily Post; ‘Labour Politics’, Reynolds’s Newspaper30. J. H. Round, ‘The Protectionist Revival’31. Goldwin Smith to Lord Farrer, 28 July 1896; Lord Farrer to Goldwin Smith, 9 August 1896; Goldwin Smith to Lord Farrer, 22 September 189632. Sidney Low, ‘The Decline of Cobdenism’33. Lawrence C. Tipper to Winston S. Churchill, 3 November 1902 & Lord Dudley to Winston Churchill, 9 November 190234. ‘A Tariff League: Important Declarations’, Henley Advertiser35. J. A. Hobson, ‘The Inner Meaning of Protectionism’36. Charles Ritchie to Winston Churchill, 1 June 1903 & Lord Hugh Cecil to Winston S. Churchill, 3 June 1903 37. Extract from Beatrice Webb Typescript Diary, 2 January 1901-10 February 191138. ‘The Man in the Street and Mr. Chamberlain’ and ‘Our Walking Inquirers’, Daily Mail39. ‘The Food Taxes in East Anglia’ and ‘Our Walking Inquirers’, Daily Mail40. Alexander M. Thompson, ‘The Trade Union Congress’; Fred Knee, ‘The Trades Union Congress’41. George Bernard Shaw, Fabianism and the Fiscal Question: an Alternative Policy 42. ‘Prime Minister’s Manifesto: Address to Stirling Electors: Record of the Late Government’; ‘Free Fooders’ Election Addresses: the bogus cry of Home Rule’; ‘Mr. Loe Strachey on the issue’, Westminster Gazette43. Lord Lansdowne to Arthur Balfour, 28 January & 4 February 1906 44. J. Bruce Glasier, ‘The Old Toryism’45. Extract from W. A. S. Hewins, The Apologia of an Imperialist: Forty Years of the Empire Policy 46. Extract from W. A. S. Hewins, The Apologia of an Imperialist: Forty Years of the Empire Policy 47. Editorial, Morning Post48. J. Keir Hardie, ‘Foreword’ in A. Cobden-Sanderson, Richard Cobden, and the Land of the People 49. Tariff Reform League, ‘Introduction: the Policy of the Tariff Reform League’50. Extract from Beatrice Webb Typescript Diary, 2 January 1901-10 February 1911.51. W. A. S. Hewins, ‘Tariff Reform and the Political Situation’52. ‘What Lancashire Thinks’, Jarrow Express & Tyneside Advertiser53. ‘No Referendum on Tariff Reform: Mr. Bonar Law on Unionist Policy. The Truth as to Food Duties, Agreement with the Colonies, No Increase in Cost of Living’, London Evening Standard 54. ‘Method and Principle: Tariff Reform League & Edinburgh Policy’, The Globe55. Letter of ‘Free Trader’, Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser 56. ‘Politicians all Patriots’, West London Observer: the County Paper for Middlesex and Surrey, 21 August 1914, vol. 59, no. 3076, p. 6 & 28 August 1914, vol. 59, no. 3077, p. 6 BiographyBibliographyIndex