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A large number of cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by inflammation. This volume on the molecular basis of microcirculatory disorders gives a comprehensive summary of key steps in the inflammatory cascade. Leading investigators present a state-of-the-art analysis of the molecular determinants of leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, mechanotransduction in endothelial and inflammatory cells, mechanisms of cell activation, microvascular apoptosis with applications to ischemia-reperfusion in the brain, the heart and in venous disease, diabetes and hypertension. The book provides the latest thinking in these important cardiovascular problems, with the most contemporary literature and a look at the increasingly complex events during inflammation. Molecular biology tools, microvascular and modern bioengineering analysis are seamlessly integrated into the analysis of clinical problems. The book helps not only newcomers to gain entry into the interesting problems associated with microvascular disorders, but lays the foundation for the design of new therapeutic interventions.

This book presents an up-to-date summary of studies with hydroxyapatite-coated implants and describes the "state of the art" of hydroxyapatite coatings in orthopaedics as this stands at the close of 2002. The book covers issues from fundamental research to the clinical results obtained with HA-coated hip and knee replacements in patient populations. With host response data of about fifteen years available now in the hip, and twelve years follow-up available in the knee, the time was right to ask various investigators worldwide to report the current clinical results with their hydroxyapatite-coated implants of choice, and then to collect these manuscripts into a single volume. From around the world, some ninety scientists - surgeons, biophysicists, histologists, and bioengineers - contributed their results to this volume. The 50 or so papers printed in the book were organized into the following sections. Section I introduces the development and role of calcium phosphates from prehistory to present. Section II discusses basic science, such as histology and experimental works.Section III focuses on bioactive coatings, and clinical works, Section IV on clinical experiences in primary hips at a minimum of ten years, and Section V on hip revision surgery. Section VI presents clinical experience with HA knees at a minimum of 10 years, and Section VII presents a clinical overview, discussing outcomes in hydroxyapatite-coated arthroplasty and addressing frequently asked questions relating to hydroxyapatite and HA-coated implants. This compilation of results will surely help to answer the question of whether the favorable results achieved in the short term with this method of biologic fixation of total joint implants has withstood the test of time. The goal of the current book was mainly to determine if the use of hydroxyapatite coatings for the fixation of orthopaedic implants to bone, so fascinating to us in the late 1980s, has been proven by the survivorship and satisfaction of those patients receiving hip and knee implants of the various designs described herein. May this Monograph be of value to orthopaedic surgeons who are interested in joint replacement.We trust it will allow them to form their own educated opinion about the utility of hydroxyapatite coatings for implant fixation.

This book treats the subject of satellite orbits, showing how the wide range of available orbits can be put to use to satisfy the needs of fields as varied as communications, positioning, remote-sensing, meteorology, and astronomy. The satellite is first discussed in the context of the laws of space mechanics. The various categories of orbit (circular, elliptical, high, low, geostationary, and sun-synchronous) are then presented, together with the problem of sampling (when and how the satellite views its target). There is then a study of specific cases, in particular, applying all the ideas encountered for earth-orbiting satellites to the case of a satellite in orbit around Mars. The arguments are supported by a great many applications, figures and illustrations, with over a thousand satellites cited explicitly. The whole work is based on two pieces of software: IXION (orbitography and sampling) and ATLAS (cartography), both developed by the author himself. The accompanying CD-ROM includes an interactive program which can be used to determine the orbit and sampling of a satellite.The book will be useful for researchers, university teachers and students working in the satellite area. School teachers, geographers, and engineers using images taken from space, as well as anyone involved in space exploration will find it a precious resource.

This textbook details vocational rehabilitation (VR). The first part is dedicated to the definition and to the influence of psychological aspects on successful vocational rehabilitation. Thereafter, the methods of evaluation as well as an analyse of efficacy are presented. Finally the effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation in some clinical conditions is detailed. The second part of this textbook is dedicated to the description of the organisation of vocational rehabilitation in different countries of the European Community, i.e.institutions which are responsible for decisions, payments and strategy related to this subject.

New techniques – notably Scarf, the first metatarsal osteotomy and the Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsal – provide a significant improvement in the treatment of static forefoot disorders.

Presents a study of product design methods. This book provides an overview of the research or industrial application in interactive design. It discusses: modelling techniques; design solution space exploration; and interactive process organization, and is useful for researchers or industrialists.

The author of this multimedia work sets himself an ambitious goal: to allow a surgeon to achieve the revision of a prosthesis without too many difficulties (or too much apprehension!) with guaranteed results if he follows the proposed method step by step, and this, even if he is not very experienced in this discipline.To fulfil this purpose, the author provides a clear definition of the press-fit concept (principles and practical applications) and from there, he offers a logical and rigorous method for, first of all, planning the surgery, and then, performing it.The written text is also available as a computerized slide show, coming with a browsing system in order to make a pre-operative planning, which gives real pedagogic value to the whole of this work.

As Ambient Intelligence (AmI) ecosystems are rapidly becoming a reality, they raise new research challenges. Unlike predefined static architectures as we know them today, AmI ecosystems are bound to contain a large number of heterogeneous computing, communication infrastructures and devices that will be dynamically assembled. Architectures will be sensitive, adaptive, context-aware and responsive to users‚ needs and habits.Researchers need to both enable their user-friendly application in a growing number of areas while ensuring that these applications remain reliable and secure. Held in Sophia Antipolis (France) from September the 20th to September the 22nd 2006, the first edition of the AmI.d conference tackled the latest research challenges within AmI ecosystems, presented AmI applications as well as security solutions. The AmI.d conference featured an international programme committee, co-chaired by Professor Antonio Maña (University of Màlaga) and Dr. Volkmar Lotz (SAP). Professor Javier Lopez (University of Màlaga) served as General Chair and Mr Richard Bricaire (Strategies Telecoms and Multimedia) was the Organization Chair. This volume gathers all the papers selected by the Program Committee. Authors coming from renowned universities and industry research centres contributed to draw a comprehensive state-of-the-art in AmI applications and security research. Among others, the reader will find in-depth analysis of the following topics: - AmI in smart homes, - Distributed coordination, - Resource optimization, - Security, - Software engineering techniques applied to AmI, - Design of context-aware ambient services, - Context-aware Trust. Besides the research track, the AmI.d conference encompassed an open-track whose proceedings are available for download on the web: www.amidconference.org.

Research in Interactive Design Vol. 2 provides an overview of a wide range of original research and engineering activities related to high-realistic multi-sensorial virtual prototyping dedicated to the improvement of industrial innovation. It is time for usual design and manufacturing support systems to change. Innovation requires industry to have new techniques that enable the rapid emergence of creative ideas, the development of low cost solutions, and the creation of technical consensus immediately to market and economic requirements. Virtuality should be used as early as possible in the industrial process permitting experts to rapidly explore solution spaces,to accurately study draft solutions in their future environment in a high-realistic way and to assess sketch product efficiency with futur product end-users. Interactive methods, tools and processes respond to these expectations. Interactive design and manufacturing covers a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary research largely represented in this book where you will find in-depth details related to: reduced modelling techniques: a new approach to extended and adaptive behavioural simulation development, embedded mechatronic instruments: a new approach multi-sensorial simulation implementation, interactive decision making in innovation: a new socio-technical analysis and process. In this book,both researchers and industrialists will discover the most recent interactive design techniques, and are certain to walk away with new understanding of important concepts.

International Congress for Infectious Diseases, Rio de Janeiro - April 17-21, 1988. F.-A. Waldvogel, President

A radiologist, who wants to acquire a PACS, or a mathematician asking for pertinent applications of image processing techniques will find recent information guiding their choice in research or in acquisition of imaging or computing devices of a hospital information system.

Jean-Claude Rambaud The place occupied today in basic and clinical research by intestinal disease related to Clostridium difficile is such that it is hard to remember that this range of disorders was completely identified only in 1977-1978, even though pieces of the puzzle had been identified much earlier. A brief historical review of the discovery of the enteropathogenicity of C. difficile in man might thus be useful. The bacterium was described in 1935 in the stools of infants, using the name Bacillus difficilis [7]. Until 1977, the microorganism, renamed C. difficile, considered to be of endogenous origin, was isolated only in rare cases of abscess or infection, most often unrelated to the digestive tract. Its role in genito-urinary infections [6] was not confirmed. However, the frequency of infant healthy carriers was recognized from the outset [7, 13]. Pseudo-membranous colitis (PMC) was described in 1883 following a gastroenterostomy. Many cases of this condition were published subsequently before the antibiotic era, describing various risk factors [4]. However the disease began to flourish only with the increasingly wide use of antibiotics. Antibiotic­ associated PMC was first described as an enterocolitis, though with little pathological evidence. It was principally related to the use of chloramphenicol and tetracyclines and attributed to proliferation of Staphylococcus au reus [ 11], a concept strengthened by the spectacular therapeutic action of vancomycin.

This book is about a new surgical procedure, surgical hysteroscopy, for out-patients. It is both a diagnostic approach and a surgical procedure. As a simple and non-aggresive technique, it is a "patient-friendly" procedure with a little surgical trauma as it avoids hysterectomy or laparotomy procedures thus preserving the genital tract. It is the leading procedure in the treatment of uterine bleeding. It has also proved to be an essential investigation technique of in the assessment of infertility. This book is the result of surgical practice and teaching experience in the field of hysteroscopic procedures.

Human African Trypaniosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness is an old disease to be now considered as reemergent. The public health importance of HAT is underestimated, but the disease causes severe social disruption in many rural areas.

The subject of this book is the study of the relative roles of CT and MRI for all tumors; by contrast comparison with clinical results, the respective indications for these techniques are clarified, in term of diagnosis treatment planning and survey with educational presentation of radiologic signs.

This book is based on the experience of an European Network on Congenital Toxoplasmosis which associates more than 50 European specialized Centers from 17 diferent European Countries. Some American colleagues among the best specialists in the world also collaborate to this book which gives the most recent data on congenital toxoplasmosis in epidemiology, biology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic, treatment and prevention.

This volume describes selected examples of both diagnostic and therapeutic progress in areas of Hematological malignancies and common human solid tumors, with emphasis in research that has immediate or very short-term clinical application. The expanded understanding of the processes of malignant transfomation, invasion and metastasis has contributed to exciting developments in the area of targeted interventions, both in diagnostic and therapeutic areas. The past two decades have also whitnessed substantial advances in biomedical technology, advances that have contributed substantially to accelerating the pace of discovery.

The main themes presented in this volume are exercise intolerance and muscle contracture. This comprehensive and updated volume allows neurologists, specialists in internal medicine, rheumatologists, pathologists, biochemists, physiatrists and all researchers interested in neuromuscular diseases to become familiar with many new and homogen data concerning exercise intolerance and muscle contracture.

The aim of this book is to present basic and advanced mathematical concepts using the graphical and traditional calculator, the TI 92 and the TI 89. These mathematical concepts are commonly taught at some stage of the first three years of college curricula; Analysis (approximations, convergence, differential equations, etc.) Linear Algebra (orthogonality, reduction, etc.). The idea behind this book is totally original and will teach the reader not only all the necessary theorems and examples, but illustrations of the calculator screens and the programs (short versions) will allow the reader to visualize these new concepts directly from the book, or on the calculator, leading to a better understanding through "seeing" and "touching" the mathematical lesson being taught.

This book is an educational manual featuring guidelines of spoken communication in medicine giving practical advice on how to convey a scientific message. As there are specific techniques in medical publishing, there are specific techniques in spoken communication in medicine. Different forms of spoken communication are described: informal communication, conference, staff meetings, student courses, are addressed not only from the point of view of the speaker, but also from the session moderator, or in public gatherings in the form of a question or comment. The medical 'public' ranges from the student to the instructor, and the practitioner to the researcher.

This is the fourth volume of the series Progress in Anti-Cancer Therapy. This volume mainly covers: five types of cancer (breast, prostate, bladder, lymphoma and ovarian), the role of HIV and HTLV in cancer, and some developmental pharmacology and behavioral issues. It particularly focuses on one of the most common cancers: prostate cancer. Other covered points are: review of all trials reported in order to update our practices in bladder cancer; description of new drugs which should be integrated in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, a summary of conceptual advances on our therapeutic approach to none-metastatic breast cancer; excellent review of the current knowledge and perspectives on the treatment of ovarian cancer; description of the state of the art regarding the use of sentinel node biopsy in melanoma patients and on the same hand an exhaustive overview on the emerging new drugs for the treatment of human lymphomas.

The European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.) has performed six consensus development conferences (CDCs) to address the key topics in the field of endoscopic surgery. This book contains: - the original recommendations as they were developed by groups of highly respected experts for each topic,- comments on these original statements to incorporate the latest knowledge, and- a description, a critical appraisal, and some ideas for the improvement on the way by which these recommendations were developed and disseminated.The book should serve all surgeons interested in endoscopic surgery as a principal guide, as it defines all important "Dos" and "Don'ts" on the basis of the available scientific evidence.

During the last 10-12 years, the research on homocysteine has become very active. About 1500 of articles are now published each year on homocysteine and the vitamins involved in its metabolism. A disturbed homocysteine metabolism can be an underlying factor for pregnancy complications and fetal malformations, cardiovascular disease, dementia, psychiatric and neurologic disorders and possibly carcinogenesis. A disturbed homocysteine metabolism can in most cases be normalised by treatment with folate and/or vitamines B12 and B6. Many of these findings therefore directly concern most practitioners. However, if there are good reviews covering single aspects of this research, these are published in specialised journals. The author has realised the difficulties for the practitioner in keeping updated. This second edition has been thoroughly updated and also offers more data on the vitamins. Over 1600 references are made available.

This book, the result of close collaboration between two very specialized centers, one in spinal surgery, the other in oncology, was written to take stock of the current data on vertebral metastases. It is intended as both a pratical guide for all those involved in this field of care and a didactic reference for those who are less familiar with either of these specialties. All aspects of current knowledge of metastases are considered. Regarding diagnostics, MRI is at present indispensable and nessecitates a broad iconography. In the therapeutics section, so as to restituate vertebral metastasis in its proper general context, a chapter is devoted to the particularities of the treatment in terms of the primary cancer. This is fundamental since the sensitivity of tumors to systemic treatment is clearly not the same from one case to another. The role of surgery in vertebral metastases has changed completely over the last ten years with the increasing use osteosynthesis combined with decompressive procedures.The explanation of these techniques and their indications is largely based upon providing a suitable response to the mechanical problems posed at each location in the spinal column. Vertebroplasty and biphosphonates, two recent additions to the therapeutic armamentarium are detailed, along with conventional treatments such as radiation therapy and the comprehensive approach to pain management. In the present context of technological advances against vertebral metastases, physicians must not lose sight of the patient as an individual. This imperative prompted us to include a chapter on nursing and psychological cared. Another chapter addresses the continuity of care, placing responsability for the patient's management at present solely in the hands of a multidisciplinary team. A methodological review of the literature concludes that there still remains much work to be done for better assessment of the responsability for the welfare of these patients. Two leading US spinal surgeons have accepted to endorse this manuscript: J.P. Farcy and N. Sundaresan. The question of their contributing to the book was naturally raised.However, it seemed preferable to preserve the homogenous spirit driving the original group of collaborators.

Primary and incisional ventral hernias are common conditions often encountered in surgical practice. Because of the frequency of this problem it has come to be managed by surgeons in general, regardless of the type of hospital or the conditions dealt with in their daily practice. Laparoscopic surgery has demonstrated to have an important role among the different technique described to repair ventral hernia with less recurrent rate, less morbidity and less overall cost than open conventional repair, with all the advange of the laparoscopic approach. As a result the indications for this surgical technique are currently being debated since the advantages are evident and progressive implementation is ensured. Now is the time to analyze the usefulness, results, technical variants, anatomic, physiologic and scientific basis and implications involved in implementation of laparoscopy as the technique of choice.

This book is a valuable addition to the extensive literature on inguinal hernias, a topic of great interest for all general surgeons. It describes the most up-to-date prosthetic open techniques in the treatment of inguinal hernias, including onlay and inlay procedures. Starting with the Lichtenstein technique, which allowed for the successful and widespread use of the prosthesis technique, the most widely used surgical procedures are described by leading experts in the field. Special attention has been paid to the illustrations and photographs. This book is a useful resource for medical and surgery students, general surgeons, and all those interested in the area of surgery of hernias.

This book groups the main advances in material forming, considering different p- cesses (conventional and non-conventional) focusing in polymers, composites and metals, that are analyzed from the state of the art, describing the most significant recent advances and identifying the present challenges from the experimental, modeling and numerical points of view. Chapters include a large list of references and have been wr- ten by recognized specialists. Special emphasis is devoted to the contributions of the European Scientific Association on Material Forming (ESAFORM) during the last 10 years (1998-2007) and in particular the ones coming from its annual international conference. The first chapter includes an excellent introduction to the Esaform association (please visit www.esaform.org for further information). We hope that this book will be valuable for all the readers, and it is specially addr- sed to young researchers trying to define the state of the art or identifying the open p- blems in the different areas covered by this book.

To improve quality of life for cancer patients has been the endeavour of the author for the past 25 years in rehabilitation and palliation. To maintain quality of life is an important challenge not only for health aftercare service, but also in palliative and terminal situations. The invasiveness of some of the current therapies and the restricted life expectancy of many patients led to the change in therapeutic paradigms. Rehabilitation and palliation have become an essential part of modern comprehensive cancer care. There are many excellent text books in cancer management which provide therapeutic recommendations thereby influencing the disease. Quality of life is now the second parameter after survival used to evaluate the effectiveness of first line oncologial therapies and is still the first parameter of most therapies in the case of recurrence. It contains experiences of the author and specific instructions how to assess, treat and evaluate rehabilitative and palliative measures.