IAS/Park City Mathematics Series – serie

Exploring topics from classical and quantum mechanics and field theory, this book is based on lectures presented in the Graduate Summer School at the Regional Geometry Institute in Park City, Utah, in 1991. The chapter by Bryant treats Lie groups and symplectic geometry, examining not only the connection with mechanics but also the application to differential equations and the recent work of the Gromov school. Rabin's discussion of quantum mechanics and field theory is specifically aimed at mathematicians.Alvarez describes the application of supersymmetry to prove the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, touching on ideas that also underlie more complicated applications of supersymmetry. Quinn's account of the topological quantum field theory captures the formal aspects of the path integral and shows how these ideas can influence branches of mathematics which at first glance may not seem connected. Presenting material at a level between that of textbooks and research papers, much of the book would provide excellent material for graduate courses. The book provides an entree into a field that promises to remain exciting and important for years to come.

This volume, with contributions by leading experts in the field, is a collection of lecture notes of the six mini courses given at the IAS/Park City Summer Mathematics Institute. It introduces advanced graduates and researchers in probability theory to several of the currently active research areas in the field. Each course is self-contained with references and contains basic materials and recent results. Topics include interacting particle systems, percolation theory, analysis on path and loop spaces, and mathematical finance. The volume gives a balanced overview of the current status of probability theory. An extensive bibliography for further study and research is included. This unique collection presents several important areas of current research and a valuable survey reflecting the diversity of the field.

The research topic for this IAS/PCMI Summer Session was nonlinear wave phenomena. Mathematicians from the more theoretical areas of PDEs were brought together with those involved in applications. The goal was to share ideas, knowledge, and perspectives. How waves, or 'frequencies', interact in nonlinear phenomena has been a central issue in many of the recent developments in pure and applied analysis. It is believed that wavelet theory - with its simultaneous localization in both physical and frequency space and its lacunarity - is and will be a fundamental new tool in the treatment of the phenomena.Included in this volume are write-ups of the 'general methods and tools' courses held by Jeff Rauch and Ingrid Daubechies. Rauch's article discusses geometric optics as an asymptotic limit of high-frequency phenomena. He shows how nonlinear effects are reflected in the asymptotic theory. In the article ""Harmonic Analysis, Wavelets and Applications"" by Daubechies and Gilbert the main structure of the wavelet theory is presented.Also included are articles on the more 'specialized' courses that were presented, such as ""Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations"" by Jean Bourgain and ""Waves and Transport"" by George Papanicolaou and Leonid Ryzhik. Susan Friedlander provides a written version of her lecture series ""Stability and Instability of an Ideal Fluid"", given at the Mentoring Program for Women in Mathematics, a preliminary program to the Summer Session. This Summer Session brought together students, fellows, and established mathematicians from all over the globe to share ideas in a vibrant and exciting atmosphere. This book presents the compelling results.

The theory of automorphic forms has seen dramatic developments in recent years. In particular, important instances of Langlands functoriality have been established. This volume presents three weeks of lectures from the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Summer School on automorphic forms and their applications. It addresses some of the general aspects of automorphic forms, as well as certain recent advances in the field. The book starts with the lectures of Borel on the basic theory of automorphic forms, which lay the foundation for the lectures by Cogdell and Shahidi on converse theorems and the Langlands-Shahidi method, as well as those by Clozel and Li on the Ramanujan conjectures and graphs. The analytic theory of GL(2)-forms and $L$-functions are the subject of Michel's lectures, while Terras covers arithmetic quantum chaos. The volume also includes a chapter by Vogan on isolated unitary representations, which is related to the lectures by Clozel. This volume is recommended for independent study or an advanced topics course. It is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in automorphic forms and number theory. Information for our distributors: Titles in this series are co-published with the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute. Members of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) receive a 20% discount from list price.

Each summer the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Graduate Summer School gathers some of the best researchers and educators in a particular field to present diverse sets of lectures. This volume presents three weeks of lectures given at the Summer School on Quantum Field Theory, Super symmetry, and Enumerative Geometry, three very active research areas in mathematics and theoretical physics. With this volume, the Park City Mathematics Institute returns to the general topic of the first institute: the interplay between quantum field theory and mathematics.Two major themes at this institute were super symmetry and algebraic geometry, particularly enumerative geometry. The volume contains two lecture series on methods of enumerative geometry that have their roots in QFT. The first series covers the Schubert calculus and quantum cohomology. The second discusses methods from algebraic geometry for computing Gromov-Witten invariants. There are also three sets of lectures of a more introductory nature: an overview of classical field theory and super symmetry, an introduction to supermanifolds, and an introduction to general relativity. This volume is recommended for independent study and is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in geometry and physics.

Geometric combinatorics describes a wide area of mathematics that is primarily the study of geometric objects and their combinatorial structure. Perhaps the most familiar examples are polytopes and simplicial complexes, but the subject is much broader. This volume is a compilation of expository articles at the interface between combinatorics and geometry, based on a three-week program of lectures at the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Math Institute (IAS/PCMI) summer program on Geometric Combinatorics.The topics covered include posets, graphs, hyperplane arrangements, discrete Morse theory, and more. These objects are considered from multiple perspectives, such as in enumerative or topological contexts, or in the presence of discrete or continuous group actions. Most of the exposition is aimed at graduate students or researchers learning the material for the first time. Many of the articles include substantial numbers of exercises, and all include numerous examples. The reader is led quickly to the state of the art and current active research by worldwide authorities on their respective subjects.Information for our distributors: Titles in this series are co-published with the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute. Members of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) receive a 20% discount from list price.

Symplectic geometry has its origins as a geometric language for classical mechanics. But it has recently exploded into an independent field interconnected with many other areas of mathematics and physics. The goal of the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Graduate Summer School on Symplectic Geometry and Topology was to give an intensive introduction to these exciting areas of current research. Included in this proceedings are lecture notes from the following courses: Introduction to Symplectic Topology by D. McDuff; Holomorphic Curves and Dynamics in Dimension Three by H. Hofer; An Introduction to the Seiberg-Witten Equations on Symplectic Manifolds by C. Taubes; Lectures on Floer Homology by D. Salamon; A Tutorial on Quantum Cohomology by A. Givental; Euler Characteristics and Lagrangian Intersections by R. MacPherson; Hamiltonian Group Actions and Symplectic Reduction by L. Jeffrey; and Mechanics: Symmetry and Dynamics by J. Marsden. Information for our distributors: Titles in this series are copublished with the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute.Members of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) and the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) receive a 20% discount from list price.

The articles in this volume are expanded versions of lectures delivered at the Graduate Summer School and at the Mentoring Program for Women in Mathematics held at the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute. The theme of the program was arithmetic algebraic geometry. The choice of lecture topics was heavily influenced by the recent spectacular work of Wiles on modular elliptic curves and Fermat's Last Theorem. The main emphasis of the articles in the volume is on elliptic curves, Galois representations, and modular forms. One lecture series offers an introduction to these objects. The others discuss selected recent results, current research, and open problems and conjectures. The book would be a suitable text for an advanced graduate topics course in arithmetic algebraic geometry.

In recent years, statistical mechanics has been increasingly recognized as a central domain of mathematics. Major developments include the Schramm - Loewner evolution, which describes two-dimensional phase transitions, random matrix theory, renormalization group theory and the fluctuations of random surfaces described by dimers. The lectures contained in this volume present an introduction to recent mathematical progress in these fields. They are designed for graduate students in mathematics with a strong background in analysis and probability. This book will be of particular interest to graduate students and researchers interested in modern aspects of probability, conformal field theory, percolation, random matrices and stochastic differential equations.

Each summer the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute Graduate Summer School gathers some of the best researchers and educators in a particular field to present lectures on a major area of mathematics. A unifying theme of the mathematical biology courses presented here is that the study of biology involves dynamical systems. Introductory chapters by Jim Keener and Mark Lewis describe the biological dynamics of reactions and of spatial processes. Each remaining chapter stands alone, as a snapshot of in-depth research within a sub-area of mathematical biology. Jim Cushing writes about the role of nonlinear dynamical systems in understanding complex dynamics of insect populations. Epidemiology, and the interplay of data and differential equations, is the subject of David Earn's chapter on dynamic diseases. Topological methods for understanding dynamical systems are the focus of the chapter by Leon Glass on perturbed biological oscillators. Helen Byrne introduces the reader to cancer modeling and shows how mathematics can describe and predict complex movement patterns of tumors and cells. In the final chapter, Paul Bressloff couples nonlinear dynamics to nonlocal oscillations, to provide insight to the form and function of the brain. The book provides a state-of-the-art picture of some current research in mathematical biology. Our hope is that the excitement and richness of the topics covered here will encourage readers to explore further in mathematical biology, pursuing these topics and others on their own. The level is appropriate for graduate students and research scientists. Each chapter is based on a series of lectures given by a leading researcher and develops methods and theory of mathematical biology from first principles. Exercises are included for those who wish to delve further into the material.

Low-dimensional topology has long been a fertile area for the interaction of many different disciplines of mathematics, including differential geometry, hyperbolic geometry, combinatorics, representation theory, global analysis, classical mechanics, and theoretical physics. The Park City Mathematics Institute summer school in 2006 explored in depth the most exciting recent aspects of this interaction, aimed at a broad audience of both graduate students and researchers. The present volume is based on lectures presented at the summer school on low-dimensional topology. These notes give fresh, concise, and high-level introductions to these developments, often with new arguments not found elsewhere. The volume will be of use both to graduate students seeking to enter the field of low-dimensional topology and to senior researchers wishing to keep up with current developments. The volume begins with notes based on a special lecture by John Milnor about the history of the topology of manifolds. It also contains notes from lectures by Cameron Gordon on the basics of three-manifold topology and surgery problems, Mikhail Khovanov on his homological invariants for knots, John Etnyre on contact geometry, Ron Fintushel and Ron Stern on constructions of exotic four-manifolds, David Gabai on the hyperbolic geometry and the ending lamination theorem, Zoltan Szabo on Heegaard Floer homology for knots and three manifolds, and John Morgan on Hamilton's and Perelman's work on Ricci flow and geometrization.

Analytic and algebraic geometers often study the same geometric structures but bring different methods to bear on them. While this dual approach has been spectacularly successful at solving problems, the language differences between algebra and analysis also represent a difficulty for students and researchers in geometry, particularly complex geometry. The PCMI program was designed to partially address this language gulf, by presenting some of the active developments in algebraic and analytic geometry in a form suitable for students on the ""other side"" of the analysis-algebra language divide. One focal point of the summer school was multiplier ideals, a subject of wide current interest in both subjects. The present volume is based on a series of lectures at the PCMI summer school on analytic and algebraic geometry. The series is designed to give a high-level introduction to the advanced techniques behind some recent developments in algebraic and analytic geometry. The lectures contain many illustrative examples, detailed computations, and new perspectives on the topics presented, in order to enhance access of this material to non-specialists. Titles in this series are co-published with the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute.|Analytic and algebraic geometers often study the same geometric structures but bring different methods to bear on them. While this dual approach has been spectacularly successful at solving problems, the language differences between algebra and analysis also represent a difficulty for students and researchers in geometry, particularly complex geometry. The PCMI program was designed to partially address this language gulf, by presenting some of the active developments in algebraic and analytic geometry in a form suitable for students on the ""other side"" of the analysis-algebra language divide. One focal point of the summer school was multiplier ideals, a subject of wide current interest in both subjects. The present volume is based on a series of lectures at the PCMI summer school on analytic and algebraic geometry. The series is designed to give a high-level introduction to the advanced techniques behind some recent developments in algebraic and analytic geometry. The lectures contain many illustrative examples, detailed computations, and new perspectives on the topics presented, in order to enhance access of this material to non-specialists. Titles in this series are co-published with the Institute for Advanced Study/Park City Mathematics Institute.

The overall theme of the 2009 IAS/PCMI Graduate Summer School was connections between special values of $L$-functions and arithmetic, especially the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and Stark's Conjecture. These conjectures are introduced and discussed in depth, and progress made over the last 30 years is described. This volume contains the written versions of the graduate courses delivered at the summer school. It would be a suitable text for advanced graduate topics courses on the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture and/or Stark's Conjecture. The book will also serve as a reference volume for experts in the field.

The theme of the 2010 PCMI Summer School was Mathematics in Image Processing in a broad sense, including mathematical theory, analysis, computation algorithms and applications. In image processing, information needs to be processed, extracted and analysed from visual content, such as photographs or videos. These demands include standard tasks such as compression and denoising, as well as high-level understanding and analysis, such as recognition and classification. Centred on the theme of mathematics in image processing, the summer school covered quite a wide spectrum of topics in this field. The summer school is particularly timely and exciting due to the very recent advances and developments in the mathematical theory and computational methods for sparse representation.This volume collects three self-contained lecture series. The topics are multi-resolution based wavelet frames and applications to image processing, sparse and redundant representation modelling of images and simulation of elasticity, biomechanics, and virtual surgery. Recent advances in image processing, compressed sensing and sparse representation are discussed.

Mapping class groups and moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces were the topics of the Graduate Summer School at the 2011 IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute. This book presents the nine different lecture series comprising the summer school, covering a selection of topics of current interest. The introductory courses treat mapping class groups and Teichmuller theory. The more advanced courses cover intersection theory on moduli spaces, the dynamics of polygonal billiards and moduli spaces, the stable cohomology of mapping class groups, the structure of Torelli groups, and arithmetic mapping class groups. The courses consist of a set of intensive short lectures offered by leaders in the field, designed to introduce students to exciting, current research in mathematics. These lectures do not duplicate standard courses available elsewhere. The book should be a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in the topology, geometry and dynamics of moduli spaces of Riemann surfaces and related topics.

Geometric group theory refers to the study of discrete groups using tools from topology, geometry, dynamics and analysis. The field is evolving very rapidly and the present volume provides an introduction to and overview of various topics which have played critical roles in this evolution.The book contains lecture notes from courses given at the Park City Math Institute on Geometric Group Theory. The institute consists of a set of intensive short courses offered by leaders in the field, designed to introduce students to exciting, current research in mathematics. These lectures do not duplicate standard courses available elsewhere. The courses begin at an introductory level suitable for graduate students and lead up to currently active topics of research. The articles in this volume include introductions to CAT(0) cube complexes and groups, to modern small cancellation theory, to isometry groups of general CAT(0) spaces, and a discussion of nilpotent genus in the context of mapping class groups and CAT(0) groups. One course surveys quasi-isometric rigidity, others contain an exploration of the geometry of Outer space, of actions of arithmetic groups, lectures on lattices and locally symmetric spaces, on marked length spectra and on expander graphs, Property tau and approximate groups.This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers interested in geometric group theory.

This volume includes expanded versions of the lectures delivered in the Graduate Minicourse portion of the 2013 Park City Mathematics Institute session on Geometric Analysis. The papers give excellent high-level introductions, suitable for graduate students wishing to enter the field and experienced researchers alike, to a range of the most important areas of geometric analysis. These include: the general issue of geometric evolution, with more detailed lectures on Ricci flow and Kahler-Ricci flow, new progress on the analytic aspects of the Willmore equation as well as an introduction to the recent proof of the Willmore conjecture and new directions in min-max theory for geometric variational problems, the current state of the art regarding minimal surfaces in $R^3$, the role of critical metrics in Riemannian geometry, and the modern perspective on the study of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for Laplace-Beltrami operators.

This book contains written versions of the lectures given at the PCMI Graduate Summer School on the representation theory of Lie groups. The volume begins with lectures by A. Knapp and P. Trapa outlining the state of the subject around the year 1975, specifically, the fundamental results of Harish-Chandra on the general structure of infinite-dimensional representations and the Langlands classification. Additional contributions outline developments in four of the most active areas of research over the past 20 years. The clearly written articles present results to date, as follows: R. Zierau and L. Barchini discuss the construction of representations on Dolbeault cohomology spaces. D. Vogan describes the status of the Kirillov-Kostant ``philosophy of coadjoint orbits'' for unitary representations. K. Vilonen presents recent advances in the Beilinson-Bernstein theory of ``localization''. And Jian-Shu Li covers Howe's theory of ``dual reductive pairs''. Each contributor to the volume presents the topics in a unique, comprehensive, and accessible manner geared toward advanced graduate students and researchers. Students should have completed the standard introductory graduate courses for full comprehension of the work. The book would also serve well as a supplementary text for a course on introductory infinite-dimensional representation theory.

Articles in this volume are based on lectures presented at the Park City summer school on ``Mathematics and Materials'' in July 2014. The central theme is a description of material behavior that is rooted in statistical mechanics. While many presentations of mathematical problems in materials science begin with continuum mechanics, this volume takes an alternate approach. All the lectures present unique pedagogical introductions to the rich variety of material behavior that emerges from the interplay of geometry and statistical mechanics. The topics include the order-disorder transition in many geometric models of materials including nonlinear elasticity, sphere packings, granular materials, liquid crystals, and the emerging field of synthetic self-assembly. Several lectures touch on discrete geometry (especially packing) and statistical mechanics. The problems discussed in this book have an immediate mathematical appeal and are of increasing importance in applications, but are not as widely known as they should be to mathematicians interested in materials science. The volume will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in analysis and partial differential equations, continuum mechanics, condensed matter physics, discrete geometry, and mathematical physics.

This book is based on lectures given at the Graduate Summer School of the 2015 Park City Mathematics Institute program ``Geometry of moduli spaces and representation theory'', and is devoted to several interrelated topics in algebraic geometry, topology of algebraic varieties, and representation theory.Geometric representation theory is a young but fast developing research area at the intersection of these subjects. An early profound achievement was the famous conjecture by Kazhdan-Lusztig about characters of highest weight modules over a complex semi-simple Lie algebra, and its subsequent proof by Beilinson-Bernstein and Brylinski-Kashiwara. Two remarkable features of this proof have inspired much of subsequent development: intricate algebraic data turned out to be encoded in topological invariants of singular geometric spaces, while proving this fact required deep general theorems from algebraic geometry.Another focus of the program was enumerative algebraic geometry. Recent progress showed the role of Lie theoretic structures in problems such as calculation of quantum cohomology, K-theory, etc. Although the motivation and technical background of these constructions is quite different from that of geometric Langlands duality, both theories deal with topological invariants of moduli spaces of maps from a target of complex dimension one. Thus they are at least heuristically related, while several recent works indicate possible strong technical connections.The main goal of this collection of notes is to provide young researchers and experts alike with an introduction to these areas of active research and promote interaction between the two related directions.

Data science is a highly interdisciplinary field, incorporating ideas from applied mathematics, statistics, probability, and computer science, as well as many other areas. This book gives an introduction to the mathematical methods that form the foundations of machine learning and data science, presented by leading experts in computer science, statistics, and applied mathematics. Although the chapters can be read independently, they are designed to be read together as they lay out algorithmic, statistical, and numerical approaches in diverse but complementary ways.This book can be used both as a text for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses, and as a survey for researchers interested in understanding how applied mathematics broadly defined is being used in data science. It will appeal to anyone interested in the interdisciplinary foundations of machine learning and data science.

Random matrix theory has many roots and many branches in mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science, data science, numerical analysis, biology, ecology, engineering, and operations research. This book provides a snippet of this vast domain of study, with a particular focus on the notations of universality and integrability. Universality shows that many systems behave the same way in their large scale limit, while integrability provides a route to describe the nature of those universal limits. Many of the ten contributed chapters address these themes, while others touch on applications of tools and results from random matrix theory.This book is appropriate for graduate students and researchers interested in learning techniques and results in random matrix theory from different perspectives and viewpoints. It also captures a moment in the evolution of the theory, when the previous decade brought major break-throughs, prompting exciting new directions of research.

This volume contains lectures from the Graduate Summer School ""Quantum Field Theory and Manifold Invariants"" held at Park City Mathematics Institute 2019. The lectures span topics in topology, global analysis, and physics, and they range from introductory to cutting edge. Topics treated include mathematical gauge theory (anti-self-dual equations, Seiberg-Witten equations, Higgs bundles), classical and categorified knot invariants (Khovanov homology, Heegaard Floer homology), instanton Floer homology, invertible topological field theory, BPS states and spectral networks. This collection presents a rich blend of geometry and topology, with some theoretical physics thrown in as well, and so provides a snapshot of a vibrant and fast-moving field.Graduate students with basic preparation in topology and geometry can use this volume to learn advanced background material before being brought to the frontiers of current developments. Seasoned researchers will also benefit from the systematic presentation of exciting new advances by leaders in their fields.

This book is a collection of lecture notes from the Graduate Summer School ""Number Theory Informed by Computation"" held at the IAS/Park City Mathematics Institute 2022. The lectures address topics at the interface between number theory and computation, both terms interpreted broadly. Included are lectures on polynomial-time algorithms for problems in algebraic number theory, algorithms for counting points on mod $p$ reduction of a variety working with many values of $p$ simultaneously, arithmetic statistics, the theory of lattices, Brauer-Manin obstruction, the theory of rigid cocycles, and the inverse Galois problem. The volume starts with the notes of Hendrik Lenstra’s public lecture, aimed at a general audience, where the speaker explains how modern abstract algebra can be used to explain concrete properties of integers. This volume is aimed at students with a background in graduate level number theory. For some expositions, undergraduate abstract algebra may be sufficient, while others might require basic algebraic geometry.

The origins of the harmonic analysis go back to an ingenious idea of Fourier that any reasonable function can be represented as an infinite linear combination of sines and cosines. Today's harmonic analysis incorporates the elements of geometric measure theory, number theory, probability, and has countless applications from data analysis to image recognition and from the study of sound and vibrations to the cutting edge of contemporary physics. The present volume is based on lectures presented at the summer school on Harmonic Analysis. These notes give fresh, concise, and high-level introductions to recent developments in the field, often with new arguments not found elsewhere. The volume will be of use both to graduate students seeking to enter the field and to senior researchers wishing to keep up with current developments.