Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry

Dr. Jo Allan Beran is a Regents Professor of Chemistry at Texas A&M University System. He has published a combined total of 30 texts and lab manuals on chemistry as well as 19 articles in various journals. Dr. Beran is a member of American Chemical Society (ACS) and the Texas Association of College Teachers (TACT).

• Preface iiiLaboratory Safety and Guidelines 1Data Documentation 5Data Analysis 9Laboratory Techniques 17ExperimentsA. IntroductionDry Lab 1 The Laboratory and SI 43Experiment 1 Basic Laboratory Operations 51B. Chemical and Physical PropertiesExperiment 2 Identification of a Compound: Chemical Properties 59Experiment 3 Water Analysis: Solids 67Experiment 4 Paper Chromatography 75Experiment 5 Percent Water in a Hydrated Salt 85Dry Lab 2A Inorganic Nomenclature I. Oxidation Numbers 91Dry Lab 2B Inorganic Nomenclature II. Binary Compounds 94Dry Lab 2C Inorganic Nomenclature III. Ternary Compounds 98Experiment 6 Acids, Bases, and Salts, 103C. Mole ConceptExperiment 7 Empirical Formulas 115Experiment 8 Limiting Reactant 123Experiment 9 A Volumetric Analysis 133Experiment 10 Vinegar Analysis 143D. Atomic and Molecular StructureExperiment 11 Periodic Table and Periodic Law 149Dry Lab 3 Atomic and Molecular Structure 161E. GasesExperiment 12 Molar Mass of a Volatile Liquid 173Experiment 13 A Carbonate Analysis; Molar Volume of Carbon Dioxide 181F. SolutionsExperiment 14 Molar Mass of a Solid 189Experiment 15 Synthesis of Potassium Alum 199G. Acid-Base Equilibria and AnalysisExperiment 16 LeChâtelier’s Principle; Buffers 207Experiment 17 Antacid Analysis 219Experiment 18 Potentiometric Analyses 227Experiment 19 Aspirin Synthesis and Analysis 237Experiment 20 Alkalinity of a Water Resource 245Experiment 21 Hard Water Analysis 255Experiment 22 Molar Solubility, Common-Ion Effect 263H. KineticsExperiment 23 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 271Experiment 24 A Rate Law and Activation Energy 281I. ThermodynamicsExperiment 25 Calorimetry 293Experiment 26 Thermodynamics of the Dissolution of Borax 305J. Oxidation-Reduction Systems and AnalysisExperiment 27 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 315Experiment 28 Chemistry of Copper 323Experiment 29 Bleach Analysis 331Experiment 30 Vitamin C Analysis 341Experiment 31 Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Natural Waters 349Experiment 32 Galvanic Cells, the Nernst Equation 357Experiment 33 Electrolytic Cells, Avogadro’s Number 369K. Transition Metal Systems and AnalysisExperiment 34 An Equilibrium Constant 377Experiment 35 Spectrophotometric Metal Ion Analysis 389Experiment 36 Transition Metal Complexes 397L. Qualitative AnalysisDry Lab 4 Preface to Qualitative Analysis 409Experiment 37 Qual: Common Anions 413Experiment 38 Qual I. Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ 423Experiment 39 Qual II. Ni2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Zn2+ 433AppendixesAppendix A Conversion Factors 441Appendix B Familiar Names of Common Chemicals 442Appendix C Vapor Pressure of Water 444Appendix D Concentrations of Acids and Bases 445Appendix E Water Solubility of Inorganic Salts 446