Charles Tilly is University Distinguished Professor at the New School for Social Research, where he directs the Centre for Studies of Social Change.

"Closely argued and thought-provoking book." Economic History Review "Tilly's thesis is presented with great lucidity... contributed to perform a service not merely for historians, but for mankind." French History"An important, provocative theory, with much originality and richly documented .... extremely well written." American Journal of Sociology"This is a good and important book. It is well written, and it presents the complex history of European state formation over a time span of one thousand years in a most understandable way. With a profound knowledge of history and an amazing compository skill, Tilly takes his readers by the hand and leads them." International Review of Social History

• Preface ix1 Cities and States in World History 1States in History 1Available Answers 5Logics of Capital and Coercion 16War Drives State Formation and Transformation 20Long Trends and Interactions 28Prospects 332 European Cities and States 38Absent Europe 38States and Coercion 45Cities and Capital 47City–State Interaction 51State Physiologies 54Liaisons Dangereuses 58Alternative Forms of State 623 How War Made States, and Vice Versa 67A Bifurcation of Violence 67How States Controlled Coercion 68Wars 70Transitions 76Seizing, Making, or Buying Coercion 84Paying the Debts 87The Long, Strong Arm of Empire 914 States and their Citizens 96From Wasps to Locomotives 96Bargaining, Rights, and Collective Action 99The Institution of Direct Rule 103The French Revolution: From Indirect to Direct Rule 107State Expansion, Direct Rule, and Nationalism 114Unintended Burdens 117Militarization = Civilianization 1225 Lineages of the National State 127China and Europe 127States and Cities Reexamined 130Coercive Trajectories 137Capitalist Trajectories 143Trajectories of Capitalized Coercion 1516 The European State System 161The Connectedness of European States 161The Ends of Wars 165Members of the System 170The Creation of a State-Linked World 181How Wars Began 183Six Salient Questions 1877 Soldiers and States in 1992 192Political Misdevelopment 192The Impact and Heritage of World War II 197The Ascent of Military Men 203Today’s Military in Historical Perspective 205Military Buildup 209Soldiers in Power 211How Did the Military Gain Power? 217Envoi 224References 228Index 263