Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in High Risk Infections, Mass Casualty and Pandemics

Antonio M. Esquinas is critical care specialist and staff physician in the Intensive Care Unit at the Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia. Spain. He is an International fellow of the American Association Respiratory Care (AARC), fellow of the American College Chest Physicians. (ACCP) European Respiratory Society, and Director of the International School of Non Invasive Ventilation, International noninvasive ventilation Fellowship program, president of the International Association of Non Invasive Ventilation and International College of Expert of noninvasive ventilation. His main educational and research activities are related to noninvasive mechanical ventilation in pulmonary, critical care and sleep medicine. Currently, he is very keen in difficult weaning, postextubation, respiratory, humidification and airway clearance techniques in mechanically ventilated patients. He is author of more than 60 books and 560 indexed papers in noninvasive ventilation approaches.

• PART I. NIV and ARF: Transmission, Physiopathology, Equipment and Technology.- Mechanical ventilation and history in pandemics.- Pre-hospital ARF.- Hospital Organizations.- Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation.- Rationale of Acute Respiratory Failure treatments in high risk infections.- Rationale of ARF approach in mass causalities.- Pathophysiology-High risk infections.- Nasal high flow oxygen equipment.- CPAP systems.- What Interface?.- NIV via different face masks / Helmets.- Humidification and aerosol therapy.- Models to assess air and particle dispersion.- Droplet dispersion during noninvasive oxygen therapy, nebulizer treatment and chest physic.- Part II. Summary of Clinical Experience, Guidelines, Protocols and Outcome.- NIV in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).- NIV in avian flu.- NIV in H1N1.- NIV support in coronavirus (COVID-19).- NIV in Acute Immunodeficiency Diseases.- NIV in Legionella pneumophila.- NIV in Tuberculosis.- NIV transplants and immunocompromised.- Nasal high flow in high risk pediatric neonatology.- Nasal high flow in high risk pediatric infections.- Guidelines and protocol.- Prognostic factors in high risk infections.- Part III. Strategies to Control Infections in Hospitals.- Negative pressure rooms or well ventilated rooms.- Bacterial and viral filters to the expiratory circuit.- Personal protection equipment for health care workers.- Part IV. Failure Noninvasive Ventilator Approach.- Failure nasal high flow oxygen in high risk infections.- NIV-Reports of national surveys in epidemic- and pandemic.- Failure of noninvasive ventilator approach in high risk infections. Key determinants.- Endotracheal intubation in high risk infections.- Airway management in failure noninvasive ventilation in high risk infections.- Radiology findings in acute respiratory failure in common high risk infections.- Part V. Procedures in NIV Approach. Guidelines, Recommendations and itsEffectiveness in ARF Treatment.- Bronchoscopy and non- invasive ventilation in high risk infections.- Summary of effectiveness of NIV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure.- Part VI. NIV in the Treatment of ARF: Biological and Non-biological Mass Causalities.- Hospital Bioterrorism Response. Programs.- Influenza and other airborne infections.- Massive intoxications.- NIV in Politrauma.- Burn.- Chemical disasters.-  PART VII. Outcome, Ethics, Palliative and Do Not Endotracheal Intubation.- Health Organizations guidelines.- Outcome noninvasive ventilator approach in high risk infections.- Ethical dilemmas and do not endotracheal intubation orders.- PART VIII. Future Research About NIV Approach in High Risk Infections, Mass Casualties and Pandemics.- Lessons for lasts pandemics and for the future.