Laurel Fulkerson – författare

No Regrets: Remorse in Classical Antiquity is the first sustained study examining the circumstances under which the emotions of remorse and regret were manifested in Greek and Roman public life. Despite a still-common notion that remorse is a modern, monotheistic emotion, it argues that remorse did in fact exist in pre-Christian antiquity. By discussing the standard lexical denotations of remorse, Fulkerson shows how its parameters were rather differentfrom its modern counterpart. Remorse in the ancient world was normally not expressed by high-status individuals, but by their inferiors, notably women, the young, and subjects of tyrants, nor was it redemptive, but often served to show defect of character. Through a series of examples, especially poetic,historical, and philosophical texts, this book demonstrates this was so because of the very high value placed on consistency of character in the ancient world. High-status men, in particular, faced constant challenges to their position, and maintaining at least the appearance of uniformity was essential to their successful functioning. The redemptive aspects of remorse, of learning from one''s mistakes, were thus nearly absent in the ancient world.

The Augustan period in Rome was a golden age for poetry, and also the age in which the cult of the author began in the west. By examining some early poetic understandings of what it might have meant to be Vergil, Ovid, and Tibullus, Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana explores what those authors meant to near-contemporaries, and what the construction of authorship they were a part of meant to the later western tradition. Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana takes its starting point from the Appendices attached to three major Augustan poets, exploring how their different conditions of production, and the differences between their authorising authors, result in different notions of what an appendical text ''ought'' to contain. So, for instance, Vergil''s biography leaves ample room for ''juvenilia'', while Ovid''s does not; the Tibullan appendix explicitly engages with a wider poetic community. Moving beyond questions of forgery and deception, some chapters ask how we would be able to know the difference between texts of genuine and of disputed authorship, given that most of the stylistic features that distinguish authors are replicable. Other chapters make the case for re-evaluation of poems that have been neglected or disparaged, and still others make sense of individual works in their likely context of composition. The volume is the first to treat in conjunction the majority of the appendical works ascribed to Vergil, Ovid, and Tibullus, and to draw connections across corpora.

The Augustan period in Rome was a golden age for poetry, and also the age in which the cult of the author began in the west. By examining some early poetic understandings of what it might have meant to be Vergil, Ovid, and Tibullus, Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana explores what those authors meant to near-contemporaries, and what the construction of authorship they were a part of meant to the later western tradition. Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana takes its starting point from the Appendices attached to three major Augustan poets, exploring how their different conditions of production, and the differences between their authorising authors, result in different notions of what an appendical text ''ought'' to contain. So, for instance, Vergil''s biography leaves ample room for ''juvenilia'', while Ovid''s does not; the Tibullan appendix explicitly engages with a wider poetic community. Moving beyond questions of forgery and deception, some chapters ask how we would be able to know the difference between texts of genuine and of disputed authorship, given that most of the stylistic features that distinguish authors are replicable. Other chapters make the case for re-evaluation of poems that have been neglected or disparaged, and still others make sense of individual works in their likely context of composition. The volume is the first to treat in conjunction the majority of the appendical works ascribed to Vergil, Ovid, and Tibullus, and to draw connections across corpora.

This volume focuses on the nineteen elegiac poems of the Appendix Tibulliana, a series of little-known Latin elegies transmitted as Book 3 of the Corpus Tibullianum. Although it is accepted that they are not the work of Tibullus himself their actual authorship remains unclear and has been hotly disputed: they are notable especially for containing work attributed to Sulpicia, who may be the only female Latin poet we know of from pre-Christian antiquity. Though admittedly somewhat obscure, this volume argues that the elegies of the Appendix Tibulliana have been unjustly overlooked in traditional scholarship: rather than concentrating on what we don't know both the Introduction and the Commentary focus instead on broader contexts of discussion. The Introduction examines not only stylistic and textual matters, but also the genre of elegy, its main practitioners, poetic communities, and gender roles, while the Commentary examines whether and how the poems fit into their cycles, into the Corpus Tibullianum, and into the genre as a whole. Close reading of the individual elegies reveals that they have a lot to teach us, especially in light of the question of women as authors in antiquity and the notion of mutability of identity. Not only do they call into question the social and legal status of the participants in a 'standard' elegiac relationship and play with the gender norms of the actors and the genre, they also destabilize the commonly-held notion that elegy is personal poetry, rooted in autobiographical events experienced by one individual author. These valuable insights, more broadly applied, may have important consequences for traditional understanding of what elegy is and does.

The Augustan period in Rome was a golden age for poetry, and also the age in which the cult of the author began in the west. By examining some early poetic understandings of what it might have meant to be Vergil, Ovid, and Tibullus, Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana explores what those authors meant to near-contemporaries, and what the construction of authorship they were a part of meant to the later western tradition. Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana takes its starting point from the Appendices attached to three major Augustan poets, exploring how their different conditions of production, and the differences between their authorising authors, result in different notions of what an appendical text 'ought' to contain. So, for instance, Vergil's biography leaves ample room for 'juvenilia', while Ovid's does not; the Tibullan appendix explicitly engages with a wider poetic community. Moving beyond questions of forgery and deception, some chapters ask how we would be able to know the difference between texts of genuine and of disputed authorship, given that most of the stylistic features that distinguish authors are replicable. Other chapters make the case for re-evaluation of poems that have been neglected or disparaged, and still others make sense of individual works in their likely context of composition. The volume is the first to treat in conjunction the majority of the appendical works ascribed to Vergil, Ovid, and Tibullus, and to draw connections across corpora.

The main challenge in writing the history of Roman women is their silence, for they either did not themselves write, or what writing they did was not kept and transmitted. There are, however, a few welcome exceptions, such as the work of the Roman elegiac poet Sulpicia. This volume aims to bring the voice of the to the foreground: by acknowledging her as the author of part of Corpus Tibullianum 3, by appreciating the artistry of her work in terms of both poetic technique and engagement with previous literature, and by highlighting the pointedly feminine features of her poetry, which serve as interpretive keys to better understand not only her position in the elegiac tradition, but, more in general, the role of women in Augustan Rome. The chapters address a variety of topics: Sulpicia's commentary on and use of activities and characteristics traditionally considered feminine; Sulpicia's sophisticated style, particularly her allusive engagement with other poets; the question of what works can be attributed to Sulpicia; and the reception of Sulpicia's work in musical adaptations and possible future directions in the study of Latin elegy more broadly.

No Regrets: Remorse in Classical Antiquity is the first sustained study examining the circumstances under which the emotions of remorse and regret were manifested in Greek and Roman public life. Despite a still-common notion that remorse is a modern, monotheistic emotion, it argues that remorse did in fact exist in pre-Christian antiquity. By discussing the standard lexical denotations of remorse, Fulkerson shows how its parameters were rather different from its modern counterpart. Remorse in the ancient world was normally not expressed by high-status individuals, but by their inferiors, notably women, the young, and subjects of tyrants, nor was it redemptive, but often served to show defect of character. Through a series of examples, especially poetic, historical, and philosophical texts, this book demonstrates this was so because of the very high value placed on consistency of character in the ancient world. High-status men, in particular, faced constant challenges to their position, and maintaining at least the appearance of uniformity was essential to their successful functioning. The redemptive aspects of remorse, of learning from one's mistakes, were thus nearly absent in the ancient world.

Although repetition is found in all ancient literary genres, it is especially pervasive in epic poetry. Ovid’s Metamorphoses exploits this dimension of the epic genre to such an extent that past critics have faulted it as too filled with recycled themes and language. This volume seeks a deeper understanding of Ovidian repetitiveness in the context of new scholarship on intertextuality and intratextuality, examining the urposeful reuse of previous material and the effects produced by a text’s repetitive gestures.Uniting the essays is a shared vision of the possibilities of Latin epic poetry and a series of attempts to realize those possibilities. Some of the pieces fall into a traditional vein of allusion and intertextuality; others are more innovative in their approaches. Each, in a sense, stands as a placeholder for a methodology of theorizing the repetitive practices of poetry, of epic, and of Ovid in particular. All citations from Greek and Latin are translated into English, rendering the book accessible to scholars of literature beyond classical studies.

Ovid's Heroides, a catalogue of letters by women who have been deserted, has too frequently been examined as merely a lament. In a new departure, this book portrays the women of the Heroides as a community of authors. Combining close readings of the texts and their mythological backgrounds with critical methods, the book argues that the points of similarity between the different letters of the Heroides, so often derided by modern critics, represent a brilliant exploitation of intratextuality, in which the Ovidian heroine self-consciously fashions herself as an alluding author influenced by what she has read within the Heroides. Far from being naive and impotent victims, therefore, the heroines are remarkably astute, if not always successful, at adapting textual strategies that they perceive as useful for attaining their own ends. With this new approach Professor Fulkerson shows that the Heroides articulate a fictional poetic, mirroring contemporary practices of poetic composition.

Ovid's Heroides, a catalogue of letters by women who have been deserted, has too frequently been examined as merely a lament. In a new departure, this book portrays the women of the Heroides as a community of authors. Combining close readings of the texts and their mythological backgrounds with critical methods, the book argues that the points of similarity between the different letters of the Heroides, so often derided by modern critics, represent a brilliant exploitation of intratextuality, in which the Ovidian heroine self-consciously fashions herself as an alluding author influenced by what she has read within the Heroides. Far from being naive and impotent victims, therefore, the heroines are remarkably astute, if not always successful, at adapting textual strategies that they perceive as useful for attaining their own ends. With this new approach Professor Fulkerson shows that the Heroides articulate a fictional poetic, mirroring contemporary practices of poetic composition.

Latin literature exploded onto the scene from relatively humble beginnings in the third century BCE. In an astonishingly short time the Romans adopted and adapted nearly all the genres of literature known to them and not only were they well aware of their large-scale appropriation but even, curiously, boasted of it. This readable new history of Latin literature covers the full span of the Roman republic, concluding with the age of Augustus, whose great poets engaged with the enormous political and cultural changes of their time and laid the foundations for the literature of the Imperial period. All the major writers are covered but attention is also paid to more fragmentary but still key authors such as Ennius, Cato, Lucilius, and Varro. Readers are given the essential historical, cultural, and literary background as well as close readings of specific passages, which reveal the charm and complexity which animate Latin literature.

Latin literature exploded onto the scene from relatively humble beginnings in the third century BCE. In an astonishingly short time the Romans adopted and adapted nearly all the genres of literature known to them and not only were they well aware of their large-scale appropriation but even, curiously, boasted of it. This readable new history of Latin literature covers the full span of the Roman republic, concluding with the age of Augustus, whose great poets engaged with the enormous political and cultural changes of their time and laid the foundations for the literature of the Imperial period. All the major writers are covered but attention is also paid to more fragmentary but still key authors such as Ennius, Cato, Lucilius, and Varro. Readers are given the essential historical, cultural, and literary background as well as close readings of specific passages, which reveal the charm and complexity which animate Latin literature.

The Latin poet Ovid was famously exiled by the Emperor Augustus to the shores of the Black Sea for his self-confessed crimes of ''a poem and a mistake''. Throughout his poetry, he discusses his exile and embraces the themes of marginality and alterity. This core motif is explored throughout this overview of Ovid''s life, the society he lived in and his innovative, perennially popular body of work. Presenting basic biographical information and the historical context of the newly Augustan Rome, the book details the contextual instabilities inherent in living at the border between republic and empire. Examining Ovid''s poetic representations of ''otherness'' from self-portraits to the mythological characters who populate his work, and his audacious experiments with genre, metre and poetic form, the book provides a coherent and original look at this much-studied author. An analysis of Ovid''s parodic spirit alongside his more serious exposure of the workings of power reveals his focus on the powerless, the marginalized and the aberrant, as well as Ovid''s treatment of the powerful and the abuses they perpetuate. Intelligible to readers with little or no experience of Ovid, all passages of Latin are translated and the work includes relevant maps, glossaries, a timeline and suggestions for further reading.

The Latin poet Ovid was famously exiled by the Emperor Augustus to the shores of the Black Sea for his self-confessed crimes of ''a poem and a mistake''. Throughout his poetry, he discusses his exile and embraces the themes of marginality and alterity. This core motif is explored throughout this overview of Ovid''s life, the society he lived in and his innovative, perennially popular body of work. Presenting basic biographical information and the historical context of the newly Augustan Rome, the book details the contextual instabilities inherent in living at the border between republic and empire. Examining Ovid''s poetic representations of ''otherness'' from self-portraits to the mythological characters who populate his work, and his audacious experiments with genre, metre and poetic form, the book provides a coherent and original look at this much-studied author. An analysis of Ovid''s parodic spirit alongside his more serious exposure of the workings of power reveals his focus on the powerless, the marginalized and the aberrant, as well as Ovid''s treatment of the powerful and the abuses they perpetuate. Intelligible to readers with little or no experience of Ovid, all passages of Latin are translated and the work includes relevant maps, glossaries, a timeline and suggestions for further reading.