Stephen Wilson – författare

In Making Men, Stephen M. Wilson identifies and elaborates on a theme in the Hebrew Bible that has largely gone unnoticed by scholars: the transition of a male adolescent from boyhood to manhood. Beyond identifying the coming-of-age theme in different biblical texts, the project also describes how the theme is employed by biblical narrators and redactors to highlight broader messages and transitions in various historical narratives. It also considers how these stories provide insight into the varying representations of biblical masculinity.Five case studies of male coming-of-age are identified: David in 1 Samuel 17; Solomon in 1 Kings 1-2; an alternative tale of Solomon's maturation in 1 Kings 3; Moses in Exodus 2; and Samuel in 1 Samuel 3. Additionally, two narratives showing the failure to transition to manhood are considered: the story of Jether in Judges 8, and Samson in Judges 13-16. In each case study, the narrator's techniques for highlighting the maturation theme are identified, as are the ways that the narrator employs the theme point to other significant plot points or narrative transitions. These seven case studies are also compared based on the image of masculinity that they present. Two narratives--those of Samuel's and Solomon's maturations--depart from the standard image, each in the same way: both depict a masculinity free of violence and the need for the constant, forceful defense of manhood and honor. Since these two texts have often been ascribed to the same author, the Deuteronomistic Historian, the study suggests that he may be offering a new view of masculinity more suited to his historical context.

When, forty years ago, as a student of Charles Coulson in Oxford I began work in theoretical chemistry, I was provided with a Brunsviga calculator-a small mechanical device with a handle for propulsion, metal levers for setting the numbers, and a bell that rang to indicate overflow. What has since come to be known as computational chemistry was just beginning. There followed a long period in which the fundamental theory of the "golden age" (1925-1935) was extended and refined and in which the dreams of the early practitioners were gradually turned into hard arithmetic reality. As a still-computing survivor from the early postwar days now enjoying the benefits of unbelievably improved hardware, I am glad to contribute a foreword to this series and to have the opportunity of providing a little historical perspective. After the Brunsviga came the electromechanical machines of the late 1940s and early 1950s, and a great reduction in the burden of calculating molecular wavefunctions. We were now happy. At least for systems con­ taining a few electrons it was possible to make fully ab initio calculations, even though semiempirical models remained indispensable for most molecules of everyday interest. The 1950 papers of Hall and of Roothaan represented an important milestone along the road to larger-scale non­ empirical calculations, extending the prewar work of Hartree and Fock from many-electron atoms to many-electron molecules-and thus into "real chemistry.

From a review of Volume 1: ''...well worth the attention of quantum chemists...the high quality of the contents augurs well for future volumes in the series.''-Nature This latest volume describes nuclear motion in isolated molecules, an important bridge between theoretical studies of molecular structure and experimentally observed vibration and vibration-rotation spectra.

Providing specialist reviews and analyses of contemporary theories, algorithms, and techniques, this series aims to facilitate the effective exploitation of available computing power. The current volume focuses on the theoretical determination of atomic and molecular properties as related to wave functions, electron densities, and total energies.

This book offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the social practice of taste in the wake of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of taste. For the first time, this book unites sociologists and other social scientists with artists and curators, art theorists and art educators, and art, design and cultural historians who engage with the practice of taste as it relates to encounters with art, cultural institutions and the practices of everyday life, in national and transnational contexts.The volume is divided into four sections. The first section on ‘Taste and art’, shows how art practice was drawn into the sphere of ‘good taste’, contrasting this with a post-conceptualist critique that offers a challenge to the social functions of good taste through an encounter with art. The next section on ‘Taste making and the museum’ examines the challenges and changing social, political and organisational dynamics propelling museums beyond the terms of a supposedly universal institution and language of taste. The third section of the book, ‘Taste after Bourdieu in Japan’ offers a case study of the challenges to the cross-cultural transmission and local reproduction of ‘good taste’, exemplified by the complex cultural context of Japan. The final section on ‘Taste, the home and everyday life’ juxtaposes the analysis of the reproduction of inequality and alienation through taste, with arguments on how the legacy of ideas of ‘good taste’ have extended the possibilities of experience and sharpened our consciousness of identity.As the first book to bring together arts practitioners and theorists with sociologists and other social scientists to examine the legacy and continuing validity of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of taste, this publication engages with the opportunities and problems involved in understanding the social value and the cultural dispositions of taste ‘after Bourdieu’. It does so at a moment when the practice of taste is being radically changed by the globa

Art + Science Now is a groundbreaking overview of the art being made at the cutting edge of scientific research. The first illustrated book in its field, it shows how some of the world’s most dynamic art is being produced not in museums, galleries and studios but in the laboratory, where artists probe cultural, philosophical and social questions connected with scientific and technological advances. Featuring the work of around 250 artists from the UK, Germany, France, the Netherlands, the USA, Japan and elsewhere, it presents a broad range of projects, from body art to bioengineering of plants and insects, from music, dance and computer-controlled video performances to large-scale visual and sound installations. This comprehensive guide to contemporary art inspired or driven by scientific innovation points to intriguing new directions for the visual arts and traces a key strand in 21st-century aesthetics.

Corsica is associated in many people's minds with vendetta and banditry, but these phenomena have not been studied systematically. Using accounts by visitors and officials and particularly judicial records, this book provides such a study for the nineteenth century. Accounts of specific feuds lasting over many generations are given, including that which inspired Mérimée's Colomba, and the whole phenomenon is set in its proper context of competition for scarce material resources and power in a traditional agro-pastoral society. Attitudes to death and the dead are examined, and reveal a divergence between local practice and belief and official Christianity, and the persistence of the notion that the spirit of the slain requires to be placated with blood. A general theme is the impact upon an isolated traditional society, and its system of sanctions, of incorporation into a modern state with courts and police.

Our concern with the mind and how the hurt mind can be healed has led to a massive growth of interest in psychology and the way our brains work. "The Bloomsbury Book of the Mind" brings together key writings from all over the world from the earliest recorded accounts to the most up-to-date research in an imaginative assembly of case notes, journals, poetry, fiction and letters as well as more formal writings. In six sections on Perception, Memory, Emotion, Thought, Consciousness and the Self, Stephen Wilson ranges from the big questions (What is consciousness? Is there an unconscious?) to the quirkier mysteries of the human mind (the effects of hypnotism, the experience of a phantom limb, or an imaginative cure for sexual impotence). The linking commentary sets each extract in the context of its time and in relation to the other pieces around it.

This is one of two volumes which together comprise 40 papers coming from the most outstanding contributions to the third European Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics Workshop held in Granada, Spain (1997). These books cover a spectrum of scientific research from quantum-mechanical many-body methods to important applications and computational developments, and from atoms and molecules to condensed matter. The first volume is subtitled "Basic Problems and Model Systems", and includes the following topics: density matrices and density functionals, electron correlation effects, relativistic formulations, valence theory, and nuclear motions. The second volume is subtitled "Advanced Problems and Complex Systems" and covers the following topics: response theory, condensed matter, reactive collisions and chemical reactions and computational chemistry and physics.

This is one of two volumes which together comprise 40 papers coming from contributions to the third European Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics Workshop held in Granada, Spain (1997). These books cover a spectrum of scientific research work from quantum-mechanical many-body methods to important applications and computational developments, and from atoms and molecules to condensed matter. The first volume is subtitled "Basic Problems and Model Systems", and includes the following topics: density matrices and density functionals, electron correlation effects, relativistic formulations, valence theory, and nuclear motions. The second volume is subtitled "Advanced Problems and Complex Systems" and covers the following topics: response theory, condensed matter, reactive collisions and chemical reactions, and computational chemistry and physics.

This is one of two volumes which together comprise about 40 papers coming from the most outstanding contributions to the fourth European Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics workshop held in Marly, France, in 1999. These books cover a broad spectrum of scientific research work from quantum-mechanical many-body methods to important applications and computational developments, and from atoms and molecules to condensed matter. The first volume is subtitled "Basic Problems and Model Systems", which includes the following topics: density matrices and density functionals, electron correlation effects, relativistic formulations and effects, valence theory and nuclear motion. The second volume is subtitled "Advanced Problems and Complex Systems" and covers the following topics: response theory, reactive collisions and chemical reactions and condensed matter.

Names are never given accidentally; they are chosen and bestowed according to rules that reflect fundamental features of the society and culture concerned. This is a study of the nature and history of naming practices in Western Europe.

This book offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the social practice of taste in the wake of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of taste. For the first time, this book unites sociologists and other social scientists with artists and curators, art theorists and art educators, and art, design and cultural historians who engage with the practice of taste as it relates to encounters with art, cultural institutions and the practices of everyday life, in national and transnational contexts.The volume is divided into four sections. The first section on ‘Taste and art’, shows how art practice was drawn into the sphere of ‘good taste’, contrasting this with a post-conceptualist critique that offers a challenge to the social functions of good taste through an encounter with art. The next section on ‘Taste making and the museum’ examines the challenges and changing social, political and organisational dynamics propelling museums beyond the terms of a supposedly universal institution and language of taste. The third section of the book, ‘Taste after Bourdieu in Japan’ offers a case study of the challenges to the cross-cultural transmission and local reproduction of ‘good taste’, exemplified by the complex cultural context of Japan. The final section on ‘Taste, the home and everyday life’ juxtaposes the analysis of the reproduction of inequality and alienation through taste, with arguments on how the legacy of ideas of ‘good taste’ have extended the possibilities of experience and sharpened our consciousness of identity.As the first book to bring together arts practitioners and theorists with sociologists and other social scientists to examine the legacy and continuing validity of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of taste, this publication engages with the opportunities and problems involved in understanding the social value and the cultural dispositions of taste ‘after Bourdieu’. It does so at a moment when the practice of taste is being radically changed by the global expansion of cultural choices, and the emergence of deploying impersonal algorithms as solutions to cultural and creative decision-making.

These two volumes collect thirty-eight selected papers from the scientific contributions presented at the Fourth European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics (QSCP-IV), held in Marly-le-Roi (France) in April 22-27, 1999, A total ofone hundred and fifteen scientists attended the workshop, 99 from Europe and 16 from the rest ofthe world. They discussed the state of the art, new trends, and future evolution of the methods and applications. The workshop was held in the old town of Marly-le-Roi, which lies to the West of Paris between the historic centres of Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Versailles. Participants were housed at the National Youth Institute, where over sixty lectures were given by l- ding members ofthe scientific community; in addition, over sixty posters were presented in two very animated sessions. We are grateful to the oral speakers and to the poster p- senters for making the workshop such an stimulating experience. The social programme was also memorable - and notjust for the closing banquet, which was held at the French Senate House. We are sure that participants will long remember their visit to the 'Musée des Antiquités Nationales': created by Napoleon III at the birthplace ofLouis XIV, this museum boasts one ofthe world finest collections ofarcheological artifacts. The Marly-le-Roi workshop followed the format established at the three previous meetings, organized by Prof.

This is one of two volumes which together comprise about 40 papers from contributions to the fourth European Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics workshop. These books cover a broad spectrum of scientific research work from quantum-mechanical many-body methods to important applications and computational developments, and from atoms and molecules to condensed matter. This second volume covers the following topics: response theory; reactive collisions; and chemical reactions and condensed matter.

Quantum mechanics provides the fundamental theoretical apparatus for describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules in terms of the behaviour of their fundamental components, electrons and nuclei. For heavy atoms and molecules containing them, the electrons can move at speeds which represent a substantial fraction of the speed of light, and thus relativity must be taken into account. Relativistic quantum mechanics therefore provides the basic formalism for calculating the properties of heavy-atom systems. This book provides a detailed description of the application of relativistic quantum mechanics to the many-body problem in the theoretical chemistry and physics of heavy and superheavy elements. Recent years have witnessed a continued and growing interest in relativistic quantum chemical methods and the associated computational algorithms which facilitate their application. This interest is fuelled by the need to develop robust yet efficient theoretical approaches, together with efficient algorithms, which can be applied to atoms in the lower part of the Periodic Table and, more particularly, molecules and molecular entities containing such atoms.Such relativistic theories and computational algorithms are an essential ingredient for the description of heavy element chemistry, becoming even more important in the case of superheavy elements. They are destined to become an indispensable tool in the quantum chemist's armoury. Indeed, since relativity influences the structure of heavy atoms in the Periodic Table, relativistic molecular structure methods may replace in many applications the non-relativistic techniques widely used in contemporary research.

This volume records the proceedings of a Forum on The Fundamentals of Electron Density, Density Matrix and Density Functional Theory in Atoms, Molecules and the Solid State held at the Coseners' House, Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxon. over the period 31st May - 2nd June, 2002. The forum consisted of 26 oral and poster presentations followed by a discussion structure around questions and comments submitted by the participants (and others who had expressed an interest) in advance of the meeting. Quantum mechanics provides a theoretical foundation for our under­ standing of the structure and properties of atoms, molecules and the solid state in terms their component particles, electrons and nuclei. (Rel­ ativistic quantum mechanics is required for molecular systems contain­ ing heavy atoms.) However, the solution of the equations of quantum mechanics yields a function, a wave function, which depends on the co­ ordinates, both space and spin, of all of the particles in the system. This functions contains much more information than is required to yield the energy or other property.

Thisvolume isdevotedtomethodsfor thestudyoftheeffectsofrelativity on theelectronicstructure ofatomsand molecules. The accurate descrip- tionofrelativisticeffectsinheavyatomshaslongbeenrecognizedasoneof the central problems ofatomic physics. Contemporary relativistic atomic structure calculations can be performed almost routinely. Recent years have seen agrowinginterestin thestudyoftheeffects ofrelativityon the structureofmolecules. Even for molecularsystemscontainingatoms from thesecondrowoftheperiodictable theenergyassociatedwith relativistic effects is often larger than that arising from electron correlation. For moleculescontainingheavieratoms relativistic effects become increasingly important,andforsystemscontainingveryheavyatomsrelativityisknown todominatemanychemicalproperties. In this volum~, one of the pioneers of relativistic atomic structure calculations,Ian P. Grant,providesadetailedsurveyofthecomputational techniquesemployedincontemporarystudiesoftheeffectsofrelativityon atomicstructure. Thisisanareaofresearchinwhichcalculationscanoften lead to a particularly impressive degreeofagreement between theoryand experiment.Furthermore, theseatomicstudies haveprovided manyofthe foundations of a fully relativistic quantum chemistry. However, the spherical symmetry ofatoms allows significantsimplificationsto bemade in their quantum mechanical treatment, simplifications which are not possibleinstudiesofmolecules. Inparticular, as is wellknown from non- relativistictheoriesofmolecularelectronicstructure,itisalmostobligatory to invoke the algebraic approximation in molecular work and use finite basis set expansions. The problem of describing relativistic effects in molecules is addressed in Chapter2 by Stephen Wilson. This chapter is devotedtoab initiorelativisticmolecularstructurecalculationsinwhichall electrons are explicitly considered. The problem of induding relativistic effects in molecular studies is also addressed in Chapters3 and 4. In Chapter 3, Odd Gropen describes the use of relativistic effective core ix x Preface potentials in calculations on molecular systems involving heavy atoms. This approach can lead to more tractable algorithms than the methods described in Chapter2 and thus significantly extends the range of applications.The use of semiempirical methods has yielded a wealth of informationabouttheinfluenceofrelativityonthechemistryoftheheavier elements. Thisimportantarea is reviewed inChapter4 by Pekka Pyykk6. Finally, inChapter5, Harry M.

Computers have been applied to problems in chemistry and the chemical sciences since the dawn of the computer age; however, it is only in the past ten or fifteen years that we have seen the emergence of computational chemistry as a field of research in its own right. Its practitioners, computational chemists, are neither chemists who dabble in computing nor programmers who have an interest in chemistry, but computa­ tional scientists whose aim is to solve a wide range of chemical problems using modern computing machines. This book gives a broad overview of the methods and techniques employed by the computational chemist and of the wide range of problems to which he is applying them. It is divided into three parts. The first part records the basics of chemistry and of computational science that are essential to an understanding of the methods of computational chemistry. These methods are described in the second part of the book. In the third part, a survey is given of some areas in which the techniques of computational chemistry are being applied. As a result of the limited space available in a single volume, the areas covered are necessarily selective. Nevertheless, a sufficiently wide range of applications are described to provide the reader with a balanced overview of the many problems being attacked by computational studies in chemistry.

Recent years have seen a growing interest in the effects of relativity in atoms, molecules and solids. On the one hand, this can be seen as result of the growing awareness of the importance of relativity in describing the properties of heavy atoms and systems containing them. This has been fueled by the inadequacy of physical models which either neglect relativity or which treat it as a small perturbation. On the other hand, it is dependent upon the technological developments which have resulted in computers powerful enough to make calculations on heavy atoms and on systems containing heavy atoms meaningful. Vector processing and, more recently, parallel processing techniques are playing an increasingly vital role in rendering the algorithms which arise in relativistic studies tractable. This has been exemplified in atomic structure theory, where the dominant role of the central nuclear charge simplifies the problem enough to permit some prediction to be made with high precision, especially for the highly ionized atoms of importance in plasma physics and in laser confinement studies. Today's sophisticated physical models of the atom derived from quantum electrodynamics would be intractable without recourse to modern computational machinery. Relativistic atomic structure calculations have a history dating from the early attempts of Swirles in the mid 1930's but continue to provide one of the primary test beds of modern theoretical physics.

Recent years have seen the proliferation of new computer designs that employ parallel processing in one form or another in order to achieve maximum performance. Although the idea of improving the performance of computing machines by carrying out parts of the computation concurrently is not new (indeed, the concept was known to Babbage ), such machines have, until fairly recently, been confined to a few specialist research laboratories. Nowadays, parallel computers are commercially available and they are finding a wide range of applications in chemical calculations. The purpose of this volume is to review the impact that the advent of concurrent computation is already having, and is likely to have in the future, on chemical calculations. Although the potential of concurrent computation is still far from its full realization, it is already clear that it may turn out to be second in importance only to the introduction of the electronic digital computer itself.

This volume records the lectures given at a NATO Advanced Study Institute on Methods in Computational Molecular Physics held in Bad Windsheim, Germany, from 22nd July until 2nd. August, 1991. This NATO Advanced Study Institute sought to bridge the quite considerable gap which exist between the presentation of molecular electronic structure theory found in contemporary monographs such as, for example, McWeeny's Methods 0/ Molecular Quantum Mechanics (Academic Press, London, 1989) or Wilson's Electron correlation in moleeules (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1984) and the realization of the sophisticated computational algorithms required for their practical application. It sought to underline the relation between the electronic structure problem and the study of nuc1ear motion. Software for performing molecular electronic structure calculations is now being applied in an increasingly wide range of fields in both the academic and the commercial sectors. Numerous applications are reported in areas as diverse as catalysis and interstellar chernistry, drug design and environmental studies, molecular biology and solid state physics. The range of applications continues to increase as scientists recognize the importance of molecular structure studies to their research activities. Recent years have seen a growing dependence of these applications on program packages, which are often not in the public domain and which may have a somewhat lirnited range of applicability dicta ted by the particular interests and prejudices of the program author.