William Zimmerman – författare

Both domestic and foreign policy considerations led Eastern European nations in the 1970s to involve their economies more deeply with the West. This increased economic interdependence encompassed trade, technology transfer through industrial cooperation, and international credit. These growing links came as a mixed blessing as Western economic problems – inflation, recession, unemployment, energy – began to affect the economic development and political stability in Eastern Europe.

First published in 1981, East–West Relations and the Future of Eastern Europe examines the implications of these problems for East–West relations and the domestic scene in Eastern Europe. The authors analyze the interaction of economic and political forces at three interlocking levels – international, regional, and national. The first part deals with the evolution of East–West political and economic relations in the 1970s and the prospects for the 1980s and considers the implications of developments in East–West relations for Soviet and East European regional, economic, political, and military ties. Thereafter, experts from East and West offer their perspectives on political economic strategies for individual East European countries, in the context of their regional and international relations. This book will be of interest to students of comparative economics, international trade, and international relations.

Both domestic and foreign policy considerations led Eastern European nations in the 1970s to involve their economies more deeply with the West. This increased economic interdependence encompassed trade, technology transfer through industrial cooperation, and international credit. These growing links came as a mixed blessing as Western economic problems – inflation, recession, unemployment, energy – began to affect the economic development and political stability in Eastern Europe.

First published in 1981, East–West Relations and the Future of Eastern Europe examines the implications of these problems for East–West relations and the domestic scene in Eastern Europe. The authors analyze the interaction of economic and political forces at three interlocking levels – international, regional, and national. The first part deals with the evolution of East–West political and economic relations in the 1970s and the prospects for the 1980s and considers the implications of developments in East–West relations for Soviet and East European regional, economic, political, and military ties. Thereafter, experts from East and West offer their perspectives on political economic strategies for individual East European countries, in the context of their regional and international relations. This book will be of interest to students of comparative economics, international trade, and international relations.

Therapeutic changes occur in many places, and among animals as well as humans. A theory that attempts to explain therapeutic changes should be based on principles that apply not only to those changes occurring during the hour, but also to those observed in the educational process, in interpersonal relations, and in the social milieu, as well as with animals. It would be desirable to discover principles broad enough to provide a deeper understanding of therapeutic change in this wide variety of situations.

Experienced therapists appear to be similar in what they are doing, although they may disagree as to why they do it. In spite of the arguments about theoretical formulations, it can be observed that during an hour with a patient many psychotherapists may not follow their own theories too well. There probably is some relevance in a comparison of psychotherapy with a concept formation test: the subject gives the correct answers but is unable to state why he did so or what principles he followed in making his choices. The therapist, too, may help a patient but he is often uncertain as to "why" and "how." It is very likely that the effective principles in therapeutic work rest on processes that are more general than the specific principles advanced by different schools.

This volume combines the elements of psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy in a theoretical system that focuses on the importance of patient-therapist interaction, especially in terms of the exchange of subtle or covert communication cues. In this significantly updated and expanded edition of their classic text, Beier and Young analyze recent developments in new areas of practice facing today''s therapist: managed care and the clinical impact of the control of healthcare delivery; and biological intervention and other issues related to psychotropic medication.

Therapeutic changes occur in many places, and among animals as well as humans. A theory that attempts to explain therapeutic changes should be based on principles that apply not only to those changes occurring during the hour, but also to those observed in the educational process, in interpersonal relations, and in the social milieu, as well as with animals. It would be desirable to discover principles broad enough to provide a deeper understanding of therapeutic change in this wide variety of situations.

Experienced therapists appear to be similar in what they are doing, although they may disagree as to why they do it. In spite of the arguments about theoretical formulations, it can be observed that during an hour with a patient many psychotherapists may not follow their own theories too well. There probably is some relevance in a comparison of psychotherapy with a concept formation test: the subject gives the correct answers but is unable to state why he did so or what principles he followed in making his choices. The therapist, too, may help a patient but he is often uncertain as to "why" and "how." It is very likely that the effective principles in therapeutic work rest on processes that are more general than the specific principles advanced by different schools.

This volume combines the elements of psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy in a theoretical system that focuses on the importance of patient-therapist interaction, especially in terms of the exchange of subtle or covert communication cues. In this significantly updated and expanded edition of their classic text, Beier and Young analyze recent developments in new areas of practice facing today''s therapist: managed care and the clinical impact of the control of healthcare delivery; and biological intervention and other issues related to psychotropic medication.

How are foreign policy decisions made? This volume shows the various approaches to answer this question. In their introduction, Jacobson and Zimmerman make clear the goals and techniques of the comparative analysis of foreign policy behavior and, following this, they provide seven basic essays exemplifying, with variations, the principal approaches used to explain foreign policy behavior: the systemic, the environmental, the societal, the governmental, and the idiosyncratic (or psychological).

Jan F. Triska and David D. Finley illustrate the systemic approach as applied to Soviet-American relations. Harold and Margaret Sprout then deal with the significance of the physical environment in the study of international politics. Two essays follow--by, respectively, Karl W. Deutsch and Gabriel A. Almond--representing the merger of international and comparative studies in this field. The contribution by Henry A. Kissinger examines the relationship of certain governmental systems to foreign policy behavior.

The editors'' introduction and selections reflect excitingly and accurately the "state of the art" of comparative foreign policy analysis and place before the reader, in clear and compact form, the continuing dialogue among scholars about one of the most controversial areas in the study of political processes.

How are foreign policy decisions made? This volume shows the various approaches to answer this question. In their introduction, Jacobson and Zimmerman make clear the goals and techniques of the comparative analysis of foreign policy behavior and, following this, they provide seven basic essays exemplifying, with variations, the principal approaches used to explain foreign policy behavior: the systemic, the environmental, the societal, the governmental, and the idiosyncratic (or psychological).

Jan F. Triska and David D. Finley illustrate the systemic approach as applied to Soviet-American relations. Harold and Margaret Sprout then deal with the significance of the physical environment in the study of international politics. Two essays follow--by, respectively, Karl W. Deutsch and Gabriel A. Almond--representing the merger of international and comparative studies in this field. The contribution by Henry A. Kissinger examines the relationship of certain governmental systems to foreign policy behavior.

The editors'' introduction and selections reflect excitingly and accurately the "state of the art" of comparative foreign policy analysis and place before the reader, in clear and compact form, the continuing dialogue among scholars about one of the most controversial areas in the study of political processes.

Since the fall of communism, public opinion in Russia, including that of a now more diverse elite, has become a substantial factor in that country''s policymaking process. What this opinion might be and how it responds to American actions is the subject of this study. William Zimmerman offers important and sometimes disturbing insight into the thinking of citizens in America''s former Cold War adversary about such matters as NATO expansion. Drawing on nearly a decade of unprecedented surveys he conducted with a wide spectrum of the Russian public, he gauges the impact of Russia''s opening on its foreign policy and how liberal democrats orient themselves to foreign policy. He also shows that insights from the study of American foreign policy are often "portable" to the study of Russian foreign policy attitudes. As Zimmerman shows, the general public, which had a modest but real role in foreign policy decision making, tended much more toward isolationism than did the predominant elites who steered Russia''s foreign policy in the 1990s. Interspersing smooth prose with a wide array of richly informative tables, the book represents an invaluable opportunity to discern probable shifts in Russian foreign policy that domestic political changes would bring. And it powerfully suggests that the West, by forging its own policies toward Russia with more prudence, can have a say in the outcome of the great choice facing Russia--whether to forge ahead with democracy or slip back into authoritarianism.

The first book to trace the evolution of Russian politics from the Bolsheviks to PutinWhen the Soviet Union collapsed, many hoped that Russia''s centuries-long history of autocratic rule might finally end. Yet today’s Russia appears to be retreating from democracy, not progressing toward it. Ruling Russia is the only book of its kind to trace the history of modern Russian politics from the Bolshevik Revolution to the presidency of Vladimir Putin. It examines the complex evolution of communist and post-Soviet leadership in light of the latest research in political science, explaining why the democratization of Russia has all but failed.William Zimmerman argues that in the 1930s the USSR was totalitarian but gradually evolved into a normal authoritarian system, while the post-Soviet Russian Federation evolved from a competitive authoritarian to a normal authoritarian system in the first decade of the twenty-first century. He traces how the selectorate—those empowered to choose the decision makers—has changed across different regimes since the end of tsarist rule. The selectorate was limited in the period after the revolution, and contracted still further during Joseph Stalin’s dictatorship, only to expand somewhat after his death. Zimmerman also assesses Russia’s political prospects in future elections. He predicts that while a return to totalitarianism in the coming decade is unlikely, so too is democracy.Rich in historical detail, Ruling Russia is the first book to cover the entire period of the regime changes from the Bolsheviks to Putin, and is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand why Russia still struggles to implement lasting democratic reforms.

Realizing the purpose behind the pain, William battled every emotional demon imaginable to document his journey. He knew he wasnt alone in his grief. He wanted others who have suffered from the loss of their children to abortion to know that they too, were not alone. He worked on this journey over the course often years. He has seen the depths of an emotional hell, in which he questioned his own will to live.

Dearest Angel is the document of his journey; a journey of regret and repair, of grief and gratitude, and of hurt and healing.