Studies in Ancient Civil War – serie

This academic volume delves into the complex cultural dynamics of civil war in the ancient world, examining the polarising factors, violent disintegration, and potential for reconciliation that shaped Mediterranean cultures in Greek and Roman antiquity. With an interdisciplinary approach, the book explores the social, political, economic, and ideological determinants of civil war, and its long-term reverberations on ancient societies. Through investigation of civil wars, the book reveals the cohesive forces and disintegrative potentials of societies, promoting a deeper understanding of the preconditions, processes, and implications of internal conflict and conflict resolution in antiquity. This joint effort by an international team of scholars builds on recent trends in scholarship, taking an integrated approach to examine ancient civil war from cross-cultural and inter-epochal perspectives. As a result, the book offers a fresh survey of violent inner conflict in the Greek and Roman world, providing an invaluable resource for comprehending the complexities and profound effects of civil war on ancient societies.

The second century BCE was a time of prolonged debate at Rome about the changing nature of warfare. From the outbreak of the Second Punic War in 218 to Rome’s first civil war in 88 BCE, warfare shifted from the struggle against a great external enemy to a conflict against internal parties. This book argues that Rome’s Italian subjects were central to this development: having rebelled and defected to Hannibal at the end of the third century, the allies again rebelled in 91 BCE, with significant consequences for Roman thought about warfare as such. These "rebellions" constituted an Italian renewal of the war against their old conqueror, Rome, and an internal war within the polity. Accordingly, we need to add 'internal war' to the already well-established dichotomy of foreign and civil war. This fresh analysis of the second century demonstrates that the Roman experience of internal war during this period provided the natural stepping-stone in the invention of civil war as such. It conceives of the period from the Second Punic War onward as an 'antebellum' period to the later civil war(s) of the Late Republic, during which contemporary observers looked back at the last 'great war' against Hannibal in preparation for the next conflict.