Consumption and the Making of Respectability, 1600-1800

Woodruff Smith is Professor in the department of History at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. He is the author of Politics and the Sciences of Culture inGermany, 1840-1920, The Ideological Origins of NaziImperialism, and European Imperialism in the Nineteenthand Twentieth Centuries.

"Woodruff Smith's book is the first systematic historical study of the consumer revolution that took place in the Occident between 1600 and 1800. Here Smith casts must needed light on why and how the new commodities were socially assimilated in European societies, and tries to explain the pattern of consumer revolution from a wide historical perspective. He takes into account not only the consumption itself but also the social context in which the transformation took place during a critical phase of world history. The book will be valuable to all students of modern cultural history." -- K.N. Chaudhurt, European University, Florence"That large sections of the world were conquered to obtain marginal amounts of luxury products seems improbable. Yet, that is what happened and historians have failed to provide us with an explanation for this seemingly irrational behavior. Smith has filled this void by his careful analysis of the social importance of certain exotic consumer items showing that the pursuit of "gentility," "rational masculinity," "domestic femininity," and "respectability" created an extremely powerful demand. For too long we have believed in the overriding weight of economics while neglecting the importance of culture behind it. Smith has put the balance right again." -- Pieter C. Emmer, University of Leiden, The Netherlands"Woodruff D. Smith's book draws on many fine recent monographs to analyze Western European consumption of the early modern period's archetypal new goods: cotton and pepper, sugar and coffee, tea and tobacco. This book begins with an excellent question: a question originally posed...by a student at the end of class. Teaching about imperialsim, Smith had just finished his lecture on the enormous eighteenth century expansion in European imports of colonial good produced by slaves. "But why did people in Europe want all that sugar?" asked a student (p.2). The book's strength lies in its willingness to address this question, in its effort to bring human motivation into the history of economic and social transformation." -- Rebecca L. Spange, University College London strength lies in its willingness to addre"This work represents a considerable contribution to the field of debate and should be consulted by anyone who plans to write on consumption in early modern Europe...There is much originality in the extended discussions of economic, social, or cultural behavior, and much merit in the author's insistence that the concepts behind consumer demand have to be properly exmained before they can be bandied about as explanations." -- Journal of Modern History

• AcknowledgementsAbbreviationsIntroductionCH APTER ONE: CONSUMPTION AND CULTUREChanges in Consumption Patterns in Early Modern EuropeCulture and the Contexts of ConsumptionCultural ContextsComponents of Cultural ContextsMeaning in Cultural ContextsChanges in Cultural ContextsCHAPTER TWO: GENTILITYSamuel Pepys, GentlemanModes of GentilitySilks and CalicosUnderclothingCHAPTER THREE: LUXURYThe Context of Luxury in Early Modern EuropeTasteComfort and ConvenienceSpices of LifeSugarThe Contexts of Condiment ConsumptionCHAPTER FOUR: VIRTUEDr. Blankaart's Prescription for Healthy LivingThe Discourse of VirtueBourgeois VirtueTea, Coffee and SugarCleanlinessCHAPTER FIVE: RATIONALMASCULINITYCoffeehousesCoffee and the Context of Rational MasculinityTobaccoCHAPTERSIX: DOMESTIC FEMININITYTea and SympathyFemininity, Domesticity and Separate Spheres CivilizationDomesticity and ConsumptionBreakfastCHAPTER SEVEN:RESPECTABILITYModern TimesRespectability, Social Structure and Individual StatusRespectable FamiliesRespectability, Institutions and ProfessionsCHAPTER EIGHT:CONCLUSIONGentility, Luxury and VirtueMakers of RespectabilityRational Masculinity and Domestic FemininityImplications and Further QuestionsTablesBibliography