Energizing Our Future

Griffin Burgh, ALA, LEED, is a practicing architect with a long background in solar architecture and sustainable design. His interest in alternate energy has included the design of a low-speed electric car and a current consulting project on the Fisher Coachworks Advanced Technology Hybrid Bus. Griffin is also an adjunct research fellow at the University of Michigan Chemical Engineering Department, working with novel titanium dioxide nanomaterials that have applications in energy storage and solar energy.

?This study surveys, and analyzes in considerable depth, the present and future of real-world production, distribution, and environmental constraints.? (APADE, 2009) "I greatly enjoyed this book based on its capacity to challenge, in particular, European and indeed UK thinking on energy and environmental issues? .I would recommend this text." (International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. December 2008)

• Preface. Pursuing the Truth.Oil & Gas Consumption.PART I: A TRILOGY OF POPULAR MISCONCEPTIONS.1. Global Warming.Conventional Wisdom.Global Warming "Forcing Agents".Dealing with Global Warming.Can Anything Be Done?.The Kyoto Protocol.2. The Hydrogen Economy (Aka, the Impossible Dream).Hydrogen Production Methods.Hydrogen from Hydrocarbons.Natural Gas Reserves and Hydrogen.Transporting and Distributing Hydrogen.Transportation and Distribution Alternatives.Hydrogen Storage.Hydrogen Storage Approaches.Catalyzed Hydrogen Adsorption and/or Desorption.Feasibility of Metal Hydrides as Storage Media.Hydrogen Adsorption/Desorption: "Chemical Hydrides".Hydride Slurries for Hydrogen Storage and Transportation.Possible Non-Metal Hydrides/Hydrogen Carriers.Hydrocarbons via Partial Dehydrogenation.Carbon-Based Adsorption Systems.Novel Hydrogen Storage Methods.Hydrogen Carriers.Hydrogen Storage and DOE Criteria.Storage Implications for Light-Duty Vehicles.Hydrogen Storage Assessment.Hydrogen Safety.Summary of Hydrogen Issues.3. Nuclear Energy and the Plutonium Economy.The influence of Nuclear Energy.Evolution of Reactor Designs.Generation IV Reactors.Fuel Recycling and Mixed Oxide Fuel.MOX Use in Light Water Reactors.MOX Production and Processing.Fast Breeder Reactors.Radioactive Waste Disposal.Uranium Supply Concerns.Uncertainty about Safe and Sustainable Reactor Technology.The Problem in Ontario, Canada.Fusion Power.The Future is Dimming on Nuclear Power.PART II: ENERGY OPTIONS FOR THE FUTURE.4. Conventional Oil and Oil Reserves.Oil Reserves.Conventional Natural Gas.A Short(age) Summary.Future Supply, Demand and Pricing.Natural Gas and Synthetics.5. Coal and Bituminous Reserves.Other Coal Processes.Underground Processing of Coal.6. Biomass and Ethanol.Biomass Conversion Technologies.Conversion Products and By-products.Other Raw Materials for Biomass.Cost Implications of Biomass Use.Net Energy Balances.The Thermodynamics of Growing Corn.Corn Production in the United States.Federal Subsidies for Ethanol.Longer-term Ethanol Prospects.Final Ethanol Observations.7. Methanol.Possible Fossil Sources of Syngas.Methanol as an Energy Carrier.Methanol Manufacturing and Applications.8. Diesel and BioDiesel."Clean Diesel" Fuel and Diesel Fuel Substitutes 152.Biodiesel.9. Solar Energy and Photovoltaics.Solar Radiation.Solar Photovoltaic Systems.General Operation of PV Cells.Polycrystalline Thin-film Materials.Dye-sensitized Solar Cells.10. Fuel Cells for Stationary and Mobile Use.Real-world Fuel Cell Efficiencies.User Expectations.On-board Fuel Storage Requirements.Appendix - Terms and Definitions.