Spacecraft Electrical Energy Systems

Architectures, Design, and Optimization

AvReinhard Roder

Inbunden, Engelska, 2026

1 484 kr

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Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2026-10-18
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:448
Upplaga:26001
Förlag:John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN:9781394376964

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Table of Contents1 INTRODUCTION 2 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM FUNCTION3 OVERVIEW OF EPS TECHNOLOGY3.1 APPLICATION RANGES OF SPACECRAFT EPS3.2 ENERGY GENERATION3.3 METHODS FOR GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER AND ENERGY3.3.1 Power Sources3.3.2 Photovoltaics3.3.3 Solar Dynamics3.3.4 Nuclear Power Supply3.3.5 Radioisotope Thermal Generator3.3.6 Chemical Energy3.3.7 Regenerative Fuel Cell4 EPS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT4.1 GENERIC DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND VERIFICATION PHASES4.2 PROCESS OF EPS DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT4.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE EPS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS4.4 MAJOR EPS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND PARAMETERS4.4.1 Essential EPS Design Requirements4.4.2 Other Significant Design Requirements4.4.3 Operational Reliability4.4.4 Primary Power Bus Voltage4.4.5 Primary Power Bus Recovery4.5 SPECIFIC EPS DESIGN CONSTRAINTS4.5.1 Compilation and Management of the System Power Budget4.5.2 Power and Energy Margins4.5.3 Overview of Power Margins in EPS Design4.5.4 Computation Guide for Power and Energy Budget5 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE5.1 STATE-OF-THE-ART EPS ARCHITECTURES5.2 EPS CORE ELEMENTS AND BUILDING BLOCKS5.3 PRIMARY POWER BUS TYPES AND ITS APPLICATION EVALUATION5.3.1 Regulated Power Bus5.3.2 Unregulated Power Bus5.3.3 Semi-Regulated Power Bus5.3.4 Hybrid Power Bus5.3.5 Power Bus with two PMAD Units5.3.6 Point-of-Load Supply5.4 DECENTRALIZED POWER DISTRIBUTION5.5 AC POWER SUPPLY5.6 POWER CONVERTERS5.6.1 Low Voltage DC/DC Converters5.6.2 High Voltage Power Supply (HVPS)6 ENERGY GENERATION BY PHOTOVOLTAICS6.1 PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT6.2 SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES6.2.1 Spectral Sensitivities6.2.2 Efficiencies6.3 GENERIC FUNCTIONS, COMPOSITION, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLAR CELLS6.3.1 Electrical Characteristics6.3.2 Temperature and Radiation Effects6.4 SOLAR CELL TYPES FOR SPACE FLIGHT6.4.1 Silicon6.4.2 Gallium Arsenide6.4.3 Multiple Junction GaAs6.4.4 Thin-Film6.4.5 Tandem6.4.6 Solar Cells for Special ApplicationThe key features of the HIHT solar cell are:Lessons learned:6.5 ELECTRICAL DESIGN OF PHOTOVOLTAIC ASSEMBLIES AND ARRAYS (PVA)6.5.1 Solar Cell Interconnection Principles and Circuitry6.5.2 Hotspot Development and Countermeasures6.5.3 String Protection by Blocking Diode6.5.4 Grounding and Isolation6.5.5 Bleed Resistors6.5.6 Source Resistance6.5.7 Source Impedance6.5.8 Solar Array Harness6.5.9 Magnetic Cancellation and Electrical Field Control6.5.10 Temperature Effects and Voltage Headroom Considerations6.5.11 Solar Array Power Computation Model6.6 MECHANICAL DESIGN OF SOLAR ARRAYS6.6.1 Deployable Rigid Solar Array6.6.2 Modules, Sections, Panels, Wings6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS ON SOLAR ARRAY6.7.1 During Spacecraft Launch6.7.2 In Space6.8 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF SOLAR ARRAYS6.8.1 Body Mounted Solar Array6.8.2 Deployable Solar Array6.8.3 Flexible Solar Arrays6.8.4 Manufacturing and Test Flow of a Solar Array6.8.5 Sizing Examples for Solar Array Power6.9 SOLAR ARRAY MASS ASSESSMENT6.9.1 Panel Mass6.10 SOLAR ARRAY DRIVE ASSEMBLY6.10.1 Main Functions of the SADM6.10.2 Slip Ring Sizing and Arrangement6.10.3 Hardware Design7 ENERGY STORAGE7.1 OVERVIEW7.2 SECONDARY BATTERIES7.2.1 Nickel-Cadmium7.2.2 Nickel-Hydrogen7.2.3 Lithium-Based7.2.4 Performance and Life Determining Characteristics7.2.5 Battery Charge Control and State-of-Charge Management7.2.6 Battery Composition and Assembly7.2.7 Comparison Snapshot of Battery Cell Technologies7.2.8 Battery Manufacturing from COTS Li-Ion Cells8 POWER MANAGEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION8.1 CONDITIONING OF SOLAR ARRAY POWER8.1.1 Direct Energy Transfer (DET)8.1.2 Consideration of the Electro-Dynamical Characteristics of the Solar Array8.1.3 DET Variants and its Electrical Schematics8.2 LOW VOLTAGE DC-DC CONVERTERS FOR PRIMARY POWER REGULATION8.3 PRIMARY POWER BUS IMPEDANCE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS8.3.1 Bus Impedance of a Regulated Bus8.3.2 Bus Impedance of an Unregulated Bus8.3.3 Bus Impedance Behavior at Pulsed High Power Load8.3.4 Stability Criteria of a Power Bus Control Loop8.4 POWER SOURCE GROUNDING8.4.1 Primary Power Grounding8.4.2 Location of the Centralized Grounding Point8.4.3 Secondary Power Grounding8.4.4 Coupling between Primary and Secondary Power Grounding8.4.5 Further Grounding Features8.5 PASSIVATION OF THE BUS POWER8.6 BUS PROTECTION MEASURES8.6.1 Bus Over- and Under-Voltage8.6.2 Bus Power Distribution8.6.3 Protection by Fuses8.6.4 Power Distribution via Active Current Limiters8.6.5 Outlets for Release Initiator and Actuator Activation8.6.6 Softstart Implementation8.6.7 Reverse Current towards Primary Power Inputs8.6.8 Mechanical Interface8.6.9 Thermal Interface8.6.10 Mass Properties and Assessment9 EPS ELECTRICAL INTERFACE DESIGN9.1 POWER INTERCONNECTION HARNESS9.1.1 Ampacity and Derating of Cables9.1.2 Cable Sizing9.1.3 Voltage Drop Analysis9.1.4 Harness Inductance9.1.5 Bonding, Isolation and Shielding9.2 SIGNAL INTERFACE9.3 COMMUNICATION DATA BUS9.4 BATTERY INTERFACE9.4.1 Battery Disconnection Device with Relays9.4.2 Battery Disconnection Device with Semiconductor Switches9.5 INTERFACES FOR ON-GROUND OPERATION9.5.1 Battery Simulator Interface9.5.2 Solar Array Simulator Interface9.6 UMBILICAL TO LAUNCH VEHICLE9.7 LAUNCH POWER-OFF10 EPS CONCEPTS AND ITS ELECTRICAL SCHEMATICS11 FUNCTIONAL AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY11.1 DOUBLE INSULATION11.2 HAZARD POTENTIAL AND RISK MITIGATION11.2.1 Rules Generally Recommended11.2.2 Bus Over-Voltage and Spurious Shutdown11.2.3 Protection of the Umbilical Power Interface11.2.4 Protection Measures inside Checkout Equipment12 SPACE RADIATION DESIGN12.1 IMPACTS CAUSED BY RADIATION12.2 CLASSIFICATION OF EFFECTS12.3 GENERAL RADIATION DESIGN12.4 DEVICE SELECTION REGARDING LET THRESHOLD13 CONSIDERING FAULT DETECTION, ISOLATION AND RECOVERY13.1 GLOBAL FDIR REQUIREMENTS13.2 POSSIBLE EPS FAILURES MODES SUBJECT TO FDIR13.2.1 EPS FDIR Checkout Routine14 CONSIDERATION OF NUMERICAL RELIABILITY15 SAFETY ASSURANCE15.1.1 Protection of Primary Power Users against Reverse Supply Voltage Polarity15.2 BATTERY ON-GROUND HANDLING AND TRANSPORTATION15.2.1 Recommendations for NHB Storage, Shipping, Installation & Maintenance after Installation16 EPS VERIFICATION16.1 VERIFICATION PHILOSOPHY16.1.1 Requirements Flow from Specification to Verification16.1.2 Verification Documents16.2 VERIFICATION APPROACH16.2.1 Verification Objective16.2.2 Verification Philosophy versus Equipment/Unit Model16.2.3 Testing16.2.4 EPS Verification on System Level16.2.5 Cause of Faults during Test Campaign17 POWER AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE SIMULATION ASPECTS17.1 SIMULATION PROCESS17.2 REQUIREMENTS ON A POWR SIMULATION TOOL17.2.1 Modeling Features17.3 SIMULATION TOOLS