Readings in Globalization

GEORGE RITZER is Distinguished University Professor at the University of Maryland and his awards include the American Sociological Association's Distinguished Contribution to Teaching Award. He has authored numerous books, including several student textbooks, and is editor of The Encyclopedia of Social Theory (2005), The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (2007 and continuing online), and The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization (forthcoming). His books, the best known of which is The McDonaldization of Society (1993; 2008), have been translated into over 20 languages. ZEYNEP ATALAY is a PhD Candidate in Sociology at the University of Maryland. Her research interests lie in globalization, civil society, social movements, and NGO networks. Her current research explores the ways in which Muslim NGOs mobilize global networks through civil society.

“With contributions from leading scholars across a variety of disciplines, these readings help clarify our knowledge and advance our understanding of globalization. This book fills an important gap by making available, in a single volume, a variety of interpretations of issues critical to the topic of globalization. It is a very good read.”  (ID: International Dialogue, February 2012)

• Introduction to the Book 11 Introduction to Globalization Debates 31 Is Globalization Civilizing, Destructive or Feeble? A Critique of Five Key Debates in the Social Science Literature 4Mauro F. GuillénPart I Political Economy 192 Civilizations 212 The Clash of Civilizations? 23Samuel P. Huntington3 Global Utopias and Clashing Civilizations: Misunderstanding the Present 29John Gray4 Can Civilizations Clash? 34Jack F. Matlock, Jr5 History Ends, Worlds Collide 36Chris Brown6 If Not Civilizations, What? Paradigms of the Post-Cold War World 37Samuel P. Huntington3 Orientalism, Colonialism, and Postcolonialism 437 Orientalism: Introduction 47Edward W. Said8 Orientalism and Orientalism in Reverse 54Sadik Jalal al-‘Azm9 Postcolonialism and Its Discontents 57Ali Rattansi10 Said’s Orientalism: A Vital Contribution Today 66Peter Marcuse4 Neoliberalism 7211 Freedom versus Collectivism in Foreign Aid 75William Easterly12 The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time 86Karl Polanyi13 Freedom’s Just Another Word 101David Harvey14 Neoliberalism as Exception, Exception to Neoliberalism 111Aihwa Ong5 Structural Adjustment 11715 Structural Adjustment in East and Southeast Asia: Lessons from Latin America 119Jim Glassman and Pádraig Carmody16 The Social Consequences of Structural Adjustment: Recent Evidence and Current Debates 127Sarah Babb17 The Human Rights Effects of World Bank Structural Adjustment, 1981–2000 138M. Rodwan Abouharb and David L. Cingranelli18 How International Monetary Fund and World Bank Policies Undermine Labor Power and Rights 146Vincent Lloyd and Robert Weissman19 Who Has Failed Africa?: IMF Measures or the African Leadership? 150Gerald Scott6 Nation-State 15720 Sociology and the Nation-State in an Era of Shifting Boundaries 159Donald N. Levine21 The Westfailure System 161Susan Strange22 Globalization and the Myth of the Powerless State 166Linda Weiss23 Globalization and the Resilience of State Power 175Daniel Béland24 Beyond Nation-State Paradigms: Globalization, Sociology, and the Challenge of Transnational Studies 179William I. Robinson7 Transnationalism 18225 Transnational Practices 184Leslie Sklair26 Social Theory and Globalization: The Rise of a Transnational State 195William I. Robinson27 Revisiting the Question of the Transnational State: A Comment on William Robinson’s “Social Theory and Globalization” 198Philip McMichael8 World Systems 20328 The Modern World-System: Theoretical Reprise 205Immanuel Wallerstein29 Competing Conceptions of Globalization 210Leslie Sklair9 Empire 21430 Empire 217Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri31 The Global Coliseum: On Empire 226Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri interviewed by Nicholas Brown and Imre Szeman32 Retrieving the Imperial: Empire and International Relations 228Tarak Barkawi and Mark Laffey33 Africa: the Black Hole at the Middle of Empire? 234David Moore34 The New World Order (They Mean It) 240Stanley Aronowitz35 Adventures of the Multitude: Response of the Authors 241Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri10 Network Society and Informationalism 24436 Toward a Sociology of the Network Society 246Manuel Castells37 Depoliticizing Globalization: From Neo-Marxism to the Network Society of Manuel Castells 252Peter Marcuse11 World Risk Society and Cosmopolitanism 26038 The Terrorist Threat: World Risk Society Revisited 263Ulrich Beck39 Risk, Globalisation and the State: A Critical Appraisal of Ulrich Beck and the World Risk Society Thesis 271Darryl S. L. Jarvis40 Unpacking Cosmopolitanism for the Social Sciences: A Research Agenda 280Ulrich Beck and Natan Sznaider41 Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism 285Craig Calhoun12 McWorld and Jihad 28842 Jihad vs McWorld 290Benjamin R. Barber43 Paris Is Burning: Jihad vs McWorld by Benjamin R. Barber 297Fareed Zakaria44 Sovereignty and Emergency: Political Theology, Islam and American Conservatism 301Bryan S. Turner45 On Terrorism and the New Democratic Realism 305Benjamin R. BarberPart II Culture 30746 Globalization and Culture: Three Paradigms 309Jan Nederveen Pieterse13 Creolization, Hybridity, and Glocalization 31947 The World in Creolisation 322Ulf Hannerz48 Flows, Boundaries and Hybrids: Keywords in Transnational Anthropology 324Ulf Hannerz49 Globalization as Hybridization 326Jan Nederveen Pieterse50 Glocalization: Time–Space and Homogeneity–Heterogeneity 334Roland Robertson14 Critiquing Creolization, Hybridity, and Glocalization 34451 Hybridity, So What? The Anti-Hybridity Backlash and the Riddles of Recognition 347Jan Nederveen Pieterse52 The Global, the Local, and the Hybrid: A Native Ethnography of Glocalization 351Marwan M. Kraidy53 Globalization and Trinidad Carnival: Diaspora, Hybridity and Identity in Global Culture 356Keith Nurse54 Mapping the “Glocal” Village: The Political Limits of “Glocalization” 360William H. Thornton55 Rethinking Globalization: Glocalization/Grobalization and Something/Nothing 361George Ritzer56 Dialectics of Something and Nothing: Critical Reflections on Ritzer’s Globalization Analysis 372Douglas Kellner15 McDonaldization 38057 An Introduction to McDonaldization 383George Ritzer58 McDonaldization and the Global Culture of Consumption 389Malcolm Waters59 The McDonald’s Mosaic: Glocalization and Diversity 393Bryan S. Turner60 Transnationalism, Localization, and Fast Foods in East Asia 396James L. Watson61 Global Implications of McDonaldization and Disneyization 399Alan Bryman62 Glocommodification: How the Global Consumes the Local – McDonald’s in Israel 402Uri Ram16 World Culture 40863 World Culture: Origins and Consequences 410Frank J. Lechner and John Boli64 Norms, Culture, and World Politics: Insights from Sociology’s Institutionalism 421Martha FinnemoreSources and Credits 425Index 429