Continuity and Change in Ancient Umbrian Cult Places

Arianna Zapelloni Pavia, Ph.D. (2020), University of Michigan. With a post-Doc from the University of Prague and a vibrant teaching role at the European School in Frankfurt, the author brings her expertise in Latin and History to life. She has authored numerous articles exploring votive offerings and ancient sanctuaries, shedding new light on the Roman Republican period.

"In conclusion, Zapelloni Pavia’s work represents an invaluable synthesis for the study of inland central Italy’s religious landscape, a context where archaeological knowledge remains limited, and the scholarly literature is both sparse and highly fragmented. [...] The analysis, firmly grounded in the most sophisticated and up-to-date approaches to these topics, successfully overcomes the shortcomings of a now outdated traditional framework." Dario Monti in Bryn Mawr Classical Reviews 2025.06.13

• AcknowledgmentsList of Figures and Tables1 Introduction1 Chronology and Geographic Scope2 Outline of the Study2 Cultural Change in the Sanctuaries of Central Italy1 Cultural Change and the Roman Conquest2 Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Central Italy3 Cultural Change in the Religious Sphere of Ancient Umbria4 Conclusions3 For an Archaeology of Religion and Ritual1 Introduction2 Archaeology of Religion3 Archaeology of Ritual4 Votive Religion5 Conclusions4 History of the Umbrian Territory1 Introduction2 The Boundaries of Ancient Umbria3 The History of Pre-Roman Umbria4 Late Fourth–Early First CenturyBCE: The Roman Conquest of Umbria5 Conclusions5 A Micro-Scale Approach to the Archaeology of Umbrian Cult Places1 Introduction2 Southern Umbria3 Umbrian Valley4 Northern Umbria5 Apennine Umbria6 Conclusions6 Conclusions: A Macro-Scale Approach to the Archaeology of Umbrian Cult Places1 Introduction2 Umbrian Pre-Roman Sanctuaries in Context3 Umbrian Sanctuaries between the Late Fourth and the Early First CenturyBCE4 Conclusion and Looking ForwardAppendix1: Types of Umbrian Figurative Votive OfferingsAppendix2: Tabulated Catalog of Umbrian Figurative Votive OfferingsAppendix3: Catalog of Umbrian Figurative Votive OfferingsBibliographyIndex