Optimering

This highly acclaimed text, now available in paperback, provides a thorough account of key concepts and theoretical results, with particular emphasis on viewing statistical inference as a special case of decision theory. Information-theoretic concepts play a central role in the development of the theory, which provides, in particular, a detailed discussion of the problem of specification of so-called prior ignorance . The work is written from the authors s committed Bayesian perspective, but an overview of non-Bayesian theories is also provided, and each chapter contains a wide-ranging critical re-examination of controversial issues. The level of mathematics used is such that most material is accessible to readers with knowledge of advanced calculus. In particular, no knowledge of abstract measure theory is assumed, and the emphasis throughout is on statistical concepts rather than rigorous mathematics. The book will be an ideal source for all students and researchers in statistics, mathematics, decision analysis, economic and business studies, and all branches of science and engineering, who wish to further their understanding of Bayesian statistics

Optimering är en komplett grundbok i optimeringslära som passar för både enklare och mer avancerade kurser på universitetsnivå.

Läsaren får en mångsidig verktygslåda för att lösa praktiska optimeringsproblem. Fokus ligger på användbara metoder snarare än teori.

Andra utmärkande drag:

Täcker alla delar av optimeringens grunder Är ovanligt grundlig i behandlingen av kombinatorisk optimering och optimering av grafer Innehåller en stor mängd övningsuppgifter, tillräckligt för både lärarledda lektioner och hemuppgifter

Språket är enkelt och beskrivningarna inleds genomgående med exempel där författaren konkret förklarar när och hur metoderna kan användas.

Om författarnaFörfattaren Kaj Holmberg är professor i optimeringslära vid Linköpings universitet och aktiv forskare. Han har undervisat i ämnet i över 30 år och nominerats till Linköpings teknologers studentkårs pris för bästa pedagog.

An authoritative textbook based on the legendary economics course taught at the University of Chicago—now fully updated and expandedPrice theory is a powerful analytical tool kit for measuring, explaining, and predicting market outcomes. This expanded second edition of Chicago Price Theory offers a unique approach to the subject, emphasizing hands-on, practical applications that can help students adeptly integrate economic theory with real-world forces. A key distinction is its focus on market equilibrium and gains from trade. Unlike many microeconomics texts, this book emphasizes how, through markets, households and businesses adapt to conditions like price controls and externalities. It modernizes the Marshallian idea of forward-falling supply, especially for analyzing human capital, and makes use of the cost function and Hicks-Marshall laws to analyze a variety of economic phenomena. Rooted in Chicago’s price theory tradition, this textbook enables students to understand human behavior through the lens of price theory, showing how a small set of well-mastered tools makes it possible to analyze a remarkably wide range of economic questions.Now includes a full chapter closely integrating economic reasoning with the treatment-control paradigmCovers topics such as occupational choice, the evolution of inequality, the value of a statistical life, prohibition, and competitionUses the economics of “nudges” to understand business contracts and the organization of civil societyFeatures analysis of business-to-business transactionsDiscusses the future implications of artificial intelligenceComes with lesson plans for minicourses in industrial organization, health economics, macroeconomics, labor, public finance, and urban economicsAccompanied by video lectures taught by Kevin M. Murphy, Gary Becker, Casey B. Mulligan, and Robert Minton

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH DISCRETE OR INTEGER VARIABLES, REVISED AND UPDATEDThe revised second edition of Integer Programming explains in clear and simple terms how to construct custom-made algorithms or use existing commercial software to obtain optimal or near-optimal solutions for a variety of real-world problems. The second edition also includes information on the remarkable progress in the development of mixed integer programming solvers in the 22 years since the first edition of the book appeared. The updated text includes information on the most recent developments in the field such as the much improved preprocessing/presolving and the many new ideas for primal heuristics included in the solvers. The result has been a speed-up of several orders of magnitude. The other major change reflected in the text is the widespread use of decomposition algorithms, in particular column generation (branch-(cut)-and-price) and Benders’ decomposition. The revised second edition: Contains new developments on column generationOffers a new chapter on Benders’ algorithmIncludes expanded information on preprocessing, heuristics, and branch-and-cutPresents several basic and extended formulations, for example for fixed costnetwork flowsAlso touches on and briefly introduces topics such as non-bipartite matching, the complexity of extended formulations or a good linear program for the implementation of lift-and-project Written for students of integer/mathematical programming in operations research, mathematics, engineering, or computer science, Integer Programming offers an updated edition of the basic text that reflects the most recent developments in the field.

The calculus of variations has a long history of interaction with other branches of mathematics such as geometry and differential equations, and with physics, particularly mechanics. More recently, the calculus of variations has found applications in other fields such as economics and electrical engineering. Much of the mathematics underlying control theory, for instance, can be regarded as part of the calculus of variations.This book is an introduction to the calculus of variations for mathematicians and scientists. The reader interested primarily in mathematics will find results of interest in geometry and differential equations. I have paused at times to develop the proofs of some of these results, and discuss briefly various topics not normally found in an introductory book on this subject such as the existence and uniqueness of solutions to boundary-value problems, the inverse problem, and Morse theory. I have made “passive use” of functional analysis (in particular normed vector spaces) to place certain results in context and reassure the mathematician that a suitable framework is available for a more rigorous study. For the reader interested mainly in techniques and applications of the calculus of variations, I leavened the book with numerous examples mostly from physics. In addition, topics such as Hamilton’s Principle, eigenvalue approximations, conservation laws, and nonholonomic constraints in mechanics are discussed. More importantly, the book is written on two levels. The technical details for many of the results can be skipped on the initial reading. The student can thus learn the main results in each chapter and return as needed to the proofs for a deeper understanding.

Optimization is the act of obtaining the "best" result under given circumstances. In design, construction, and maintenance of any engineering system, engineers must make technological and managerial decisions to minimize either the effort or cost required or to maximize benefits. There is no single method available for solving all optimization problems efficiently. Several optimization methods have been developed for different types of problems. The optimum-seeking methods are mathematical programming techniques (specifically, nonlinear programming techniques).Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications presents the concepts in several ways to foster understanding. Geometric interpretation: is used to re-enforce the concepts and to foster understanding of the mathematical procedures. The student sees that many problems can be analyzed, and approximate solutions found before analytical solutions techniques are applied. Numerical approximations: early on, the student is exposed to numerical techniques. These numerical procedures are algorithmic and iterative. Worksheets are provided in Excel, MATLAB®, and Maple™ to facilitate the procedure. Algorithms: all algorithms are provided with a step-by-step format. Examples follow the summary to illustrate its use and application. Nonlinear Optimization: Models and Applications: Emphasizes process and interpretation throughout Presents a general classification of optimization problems Addresses situations that lead to models illustrating many types of optimization problems Emphasizes model formulations Addresses a special class of problems that can be solved using only elementary calculus Emphasizes model solution and model sensitivity analysisAbout the author:William P. Fox is an emeritus professor in the Department of Defense Analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. He received his Ph.D. at Clemson University and has taught at the United States Military Academy and at Francis Marion University where he was the chair of mathematics. He has written many publications, including over 20 books and over 150 journal articles. Currently, he is an adjunct professor in the Department of Mathematics at the College of William and Mary. He is the emeritus director of both the High School Mathematical Contest in Modeling and the Mathematical Contest in Modeling.

Mathematica by Example, Sixth Edition is an essential resource for the Mathematica user, providing step-by-step instructions on achieving results from this powerful software tool. The book fully accounts for the changes to functionality and visualization capabilities and accomodates the full array of new extensions in the types of data and problems that Mathematica can immediately handle, including cloud services and systems, geographic and geometric computation, dynamic visualization, interactive applications and other improvements. It is an ideal text for scientific students, researchers, and aspiring programmers seeking further understanding of Mathematica.

Written by seasoned practitioners with a view to practical implementation and problem-solving, the book's pedagogy is delivered clearly and without jargon using representative biological, physical and engineering problems. Code is provided on an ancillary website to support the use of Mathematica across diverse applications and subject areas.

Provides clear organization, integrated topic coverage, and accessible explanations Includes step-by-step instructions for the most popular implementations Contains new applications, exercises and examples from a variety of fields, including biology, physics and engineering Supported by online Mathematica code derived from examples in the book

The 5th edition of this classic textbook covers the central concepts of practical optimization techniques, with an emphasis on methods that are both state-of-the-art and popular. One major insight is the connection between the purely analytical character of an optimization problem and the behavior of algorithms used to solve that problem. End-of-chapter exercises are provided for all chapters.The material is organized into three separate parts. Part I offers a self-contained introduction to linear programming. The presentation in this part is fairly conventional, covering the main elements of the underlying theory of linear programming, many of the most effective numerical algorithms, and many of its important special applications. Part II, which is independent of Part I, covers the theory of unconstrained optimization, including both derivations of the appropriate optimality conditions and an introduction to basic algorithms. This part of the book explores the general properties of algorithms and defines various notions of convergence. In turn, Part III extends the concepts developed in the second part to constrained optimization problems. Except for a few isolated sections, this part is also independent of Part I. As such, Parts II and III can easily be used without reading Part I and, in fact, the book has been used in this way at many universities.New to this edition are popular topics in data science and machine learning, such as the Markov Decision Process, Farkas’ lemma, convergence speed analysis, duality theories and applications, various first-order methods, stochastic gradient method, mirror-descent method, Frank-Wolf method, ALM/ADMM method, interior trust-region method for non-convex optimization, distributionally robust optimization, online linear programming, semidefinite programming for sensor-network localization, and infeasibility detection for nonlinear optimization.

This is the first of three volumes providing a comprehensive presentation of the fundamentals of scientific computing. This volume discusses basic principles of computation, and fundamental numerical algorithms that will serve as basic tools for the subsequent two volumes. This book and its companions show how to determine the quality of computational results, and how to measure the relative efficiency of competing methods. Readers learn how to determine the maximum attainable accuracy of algorithms, and how to select the best method for computing problems. This book also discusses programming in several languages, including C++, Fortran and MATLAB. There are 80 examples, 324 exercises, 77 algorithms, 35 interactive JavaScript programs, 391 references to software programs and 4 case studies.Topics are introduced with goals, literature references and links to public software. There are descriptions of the current algorithms in LAPACK, GSLIB and MATLAB.This book could be used for an introductory course in numerical methods, for either upper level undergraduates or first year graduate students.Parts of the text could be used for specialized courses, such as principles of computer languages or numerical linear algebra.

Elementär optimeringslära är ett grundläggande komplement till avancerade böcker inom optimeringslära. I boken läggs stor vikt vid att i lagom takt introducera läsaren till den teori och de tekniker som behövs inom grundläggande optimeringslära. Boken innehåller över 200 lösta exempel och mer än 400 övningsuppgifter med svar.Elementär optimeringslära inleds med en repetition av grundläggande matematikkunskaper om algebra, ekvationer, matriser, funktioner och derivata. Därefter behandlas linjär optimering, först i två variabler med fokus på geometrisk förståelse och därefter, i det allmänna fallet, med simplexmetoden. Denna metod tillämpas i boken även inom det spännande matematikområdet spelteori. Boken redogör för olika metoder för optimering av allmänna tvåvariabelfunktioner, dels över kompakta områden, dels med Lagranges sats givet ett bivillkor och dels med Hessianen. Boken tar avslutningsvis upp optimering på grafer med Kruskals, Prims och Dijkstras algoritmer.Boken vänder sig till studerande inom naturvetenskap, teknik eller ekonomi vid högskola och universitet. Boken kan också med fördel användas som en källa till fördjupning inom gymnasiets senare matematikkurser.

'Lucid, entertaining and precise... a brilliant warning about the gamification of everyday life' Tim Clare, GuardianIs this the game you want to be playing?Scoring systems are everywhere. Underpinning our daily lives – whether it’s the fit bits on our wrists, likes on social media, and even school rankings – they have become pervasive and increasingly dangerous, warping our desires and outsourcing our values to external institutions. Instead of encouraging us to be more playful, to take pleasure in the journey of striving towards a goal, institutions, corporations and bureaucracies weaponize scoring systems to impose their own interests. No matter what, we always seem to be playing by someone else’s rules.In The Score, philosopher C. Thi Nguyen shows us how this newly ‘gamified’ world has fundamentally captured our value systems, turning what might be moral or personal life choices into numerical data, and forcing us to prioritise what can be measured and monetized over what is truly meaningful to us.A life-long lover of online and board games himself, Nguyen argues that we should not stop playing games but rather take a step back and become more aware of their immersive and profound power, so that we might chart a way towards more creative and joyful lives. To start playing our own game.

This practical guide to optimization combines mathematical theory with hands-on coding examples to explore how Python can be used to model problems and obtain the best possible solutions. Presenting a balance of theory and practical applications, it is the ideal resource for upper-undergraduate and graduate students in applied mathematics, data science, business, industrial engineering and operations research, as well as practitioners in related fields. Beginning with an introduction to the concept of optimization, this text presents the key ingredients of an optimization problem and the choices one needs to make when modeling a real-life problem mathematically. Topics covered range from linear and network optimization to convex optimization and optimizations under uncertainty. The book's Python code snippets, alongside more than 50 Jupyter notebooks on the author's GitHub, allow students to put the theory into practice and solve problems inspired by real-life challenges, while numerous exercises sharpen students' understanding of the methods discussed.

The million copy international bestseller, critically acclaimed and translated into over 25 languages. As influential today as when it was first published, The Selfish Gene has become a classic exposition of evolutionary thought. Professor Dawkins articulates a gene's eye view of evolution - a view giving centre stage to these persistent units of information, and in which organisms can be seen as vehicles for their replication. This imaginative, powerful, and stylistically brilliant work not only brought the insights of Neo-Darwinism to a wide audience, but galvanized the biology community, generating much debate and stimulating whole new areas of research. Forty years later, its insights remain as relevant today as on the day it was published. This 40th anniversary edition includes a new epilogue from the author discussing the continuing relevance of these ideas in evolutionary biology today, as well as the original prefaces and foreword, and extracts from early reviews. Oxford Landmark Science books are 'must-read' classics of modern science writing which have crystallized big ideas, and shaped the way we think.

In recent years game theory has had a substantial impact on computer science, especially on Internet- and e-commerce-related issues. Algorithmic Game Theory, first published in 2007, develops the central ideas and results of this exciting area in a clear and succinct manner. More than 40 of the top researchers in this field have written chapters that go from the foundations to the state of the art. Basic chapters on algorithmic methods for equilibria, mechanism design and combinatorial auctions are followed by chapters on important game theory applications such as incentives and pricing, cost sharing, information markets and cryptography and security. This definitive work will set the tone of research for the next few years and beyond. Students, researchers, and practitioners alike need to learn more about these fascinating theoretical developments and their widespread practical application.

Game theory means rigorous strategic thinking. It’s the art of anticipating your opponent’s next moves, knowing full well that your rival is trying to do the same thing to you. Though parts of game theory involve simple common sense, much is counterintuitive, and it can only be mastered by developing a new way of seeing the world. Using a diverse array of rich case studies—from pop culture, TV, movies, sports, politics, and history—the authors show how nearly every business and personal interaction has a game-theory component to it. Mastering game theory will make you more successful in business and life, and this lively book is the key to that mastery.

Data-driven discovery is revolutionizing how we model, predict, and control complex systems. Now with Python and MATLAB®, this textbook trains mathematical scientists and engineers for the next generation of scientific discovery by offering a broad overview of the growing intersection of data-driven methods, machine learning, applied optimization, and classical fields of engineering mathematics and mathematical physics. With a focus on integrating dynamical systems modeling and control with modern methods in applied machine learning, this text includes methods that were chosen for their relevance, simplicity, and generality. Topics range from introductory to research-level material, making it accessible to advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students from the engineering and physical sciences. The second edition features new chapters on reinforcement learning and physics-informed machine learning, significant new sections throughout, and chapter exercises. Online supplementary material - including lecture videos per section, homeworks, data, and code in MATLAB®, Python, Julia, and R - available on databookuw.com.

'Wooldridge is like the teacher you wish you'd had'GUARDIAN'This book is simply brilliant . . . I learned so much'SIR DAVID SPIEGELHALTER, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE'Fresh, clever and playful'MATT RIDLEY, AUTHOR OF THE ORIGINS OF VIRTUE'Michael explains the complex, strategic structures of our world with masterful beauty'MILIND TAMBE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY'Effortlessly covers a broad swath of core ideas in game theory, with a sprinkle of British humour'EDITH ELKIND, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY'A wonderful book'YOAV SHOHAM, STANFORD UNIVERSITY______A fascinating deep-dive into game theory, its history and its practical applications by award-winning expert on computer science and artificial intelligence.Most of us have some idea about game theory. Concepts like zero-sum games and the prisoner's dilemma crop up in films, novels and casual conversation, often as shorthand for cut-throat competition or inevitable betrayal. But game theory, the science behind these ideas, is widely misunderstood. All too often it's seen solely as the science of conflict and greed. In fact, this field has a lot to teach us about how to make a better world. It shows us just what it takes to enable cooperation and mutual benefit.This essential primer presents twenty one 'life lessons from game theory', which illustrate the key ideas in the field, and which are packed with real world examples: from overfishing in the Atlantic; to the Cuban Missile Crisis; to security measures at international airports; to advertising wars between major brands. This is a hopeful and practical book that highlights the value of game theory and provides a course correction for its integration into the real world.

We all played tag when we were kids. What most of us don't realize is that this simple chase game is in fact an application of pursuit theory, and that the same principles of games like tag, dodgeball, and hide-and-seek are also at play in military strategy, high-seas chases by the Coast Guard, and even romantic pursuits. In Chases and Escapes, Paul Nahin gives us the first complete history of this fascinating area of mathematics, from its classical analytical beginnings to the present day. Drawing on game theory, geometry, linear algebra, target-tracking algorithms, and much more, Nahin also offers an array of challenging puzzles with their historical background and broader applications. Chases and Escapes includes solutions to all problems and provides computer programs that readers can use for their own cutting-edge analysis. Now with a gripping new preface on how the Enola Gay escaped the shock wave from the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, this book will appeal to anyone interested in the mathematics that underlie pursuit and evasion.

This entertaining text is essential for anyone interested in game theory. Only a basic understanding of arithmetic is needed to grasp the necessary aspects of strategy games for two, three, four, and more players that feature two or more sets of inimical interests and a limitless array of zero-sum payoffs.

'BRILLIANTLY CLEAR AND CAPTIVATING PROSE' STEPHEN FRY A WATERSTONES BOOK OF YEAR 2023 An award-winning mathematician explores the maths behind the games we love and why we love to play them. Where should you move first in Connect 4? Which property is best in Monopoly? How can pi help you win Rock Paper Scissors? Crossing oceans, continents and millennia, award-winning mathematician Marcus du Sautoy explores how maths and games have always been deeply intertwined. As well as being integral to human psychology and culture throughout the ages, games provided the first opportunities for deep mathematical insight into the world. This grand adventure teaches us how to strategise, play better and win more often.‘The subject matter is fun (I mean, isn’t it quite literally the definition of fun?) and du Sautoy’s enthusiasm is infectious’ THE SUNDAY TIMES‘Lively, creative and humane – exactly as one would expect from Marcus du Sautoy’ TIM HARFORD, author of How To Make The World Add Up'A delightful and addictive celebration of games. You’ll keep wanting one more go' DARA Ó BRIAIN, author of Is There Anybody Out There?‘You do not need to be a seasoned player nor a skilled mathematician to relish this enchanting read. However, this book may just encourage you to become one or the other’ REINER KNIZIA, award-winning game designer

Fascinating, accessible introduction to enormously important intellectual system with numerous applications to social, economic, political problems. Newly revised edition offers overview of game theory, then lucid coverage of the two-person zero-sum game with equilibrium points; the general, two-person zero-sum game; utility theory; other topics. Problems at start of each chapter.

'BRILLIANTLY CLEAR AND CAPTIVATING PROSE' STEPHEN FRY A WATERSTONES BOOK OF YEAR 2023 An award-winning mathematician explores the maths behind the games we love and why we love to play them. Where should you move first in Connect 4?What is the best property in Monopoly?And how can pi help you win rock paper scissors?Spanning millennia, oceans and continents, countries and cultures, Around the World in 80 Games gleefully explores how mathematics and games have always been deeply intertwined. Marcus du Sautoy investigates how games provided the first opportunities for deep mathematical insight into the world, how understanding maths can help us play games better, and how both maths and games are integral to human psychology and culture.For as long as there have been people, there have been games, and for nearly as long, we have been exploring and discovering mathematics. A grand adventure, Around the World in 80 Games teaches us not just how games are won, but how they, and the maths behind them, shape who we are. 'A delightful and addictive celebration of games. You’ll keeping wanting one more go' DARA Ó BRIAIN ‘Whether your game is Go, Dungeons and Dragons, or Chocolate Chilli Roulette, you'll find this book adorable. It's lively, creative and humane – exactly as one would expect from Marcus du Sautoy’ TIM HARFORD, author of How To Make The World Add Up

'BRILLIANTLY CLEAR AND CAPTIVATING PROSE' STEPHEN FRY A WATERSTONES BOOK OF YEAR 2023 An award-winning mathematician explores the maths behind the games we love and why we love to play them. Where should you move first in Connect 4?Which property is best in Monopoly?How can pi help you win Rock Paper Scissors?Crossing oceans, continents and millennia, award-winning mathematician Marcus du Sautoy explores how maths and games have always been deeply intertwined. As well as being integral to human psychology and culture throughout the ages, games provided the first opportunities for deep mathematical insight into the world. This grand adventure teaches us how to strategise, play better and win more often.‘The subject matter is fun (I mean, isn’t it quite literally the definition of fun?) and du Sautoy’s enthusiasm is infectious’ THE SUNDAY TIMES'A delightful and addictive celebration of games. You’ll keep wanting one more go' DARA Ó BRIAIN, author of Is There Anybody Out There?‘Lively, creative and humane – exactly as one would expect from Marcus du Sautoy’ TIM HARFORD, author of How To Make The World Add Up‘You do not need to be a seasoned player nor a skilled mathematician to relish this enchanting read. However, this book may just encourage you to become the one or the other’ REINER KNIZIA, award-winning game designer

"Game Theory for Economists" introduces economists to the game-theoretic approach of modelling economic behaviour and interaction, focusing on concepts and ideas from the vast field of game-theoretic models which find commonly used applications in economics. This careful selection of topics allows the reader to concentrate on the parts of the game which are the most relevant for the economist who does not want to become a specialist. Written at a level appropriate for a student or researcher with a solid microeconomic background, the book should provide the reader with skills necessary to formalize economic games and to make them accessible for game theoretic analysis. It offers a concise introduction to game theory which provides economists with the techniques and results necessary to follow the literature in economic theory; helps the reader formalize economic problems; and, concentrates on equilibrium concepts that are most commonly used in economics.

This book describes computational finance tools. It covers fundamental numerical analysis and computational techniques, such as option pricing, and gives special attention to simulation and optimization. Many chapters are organized as case studies around portfolio insurance and risk estimation problems. In particular, several chapters explain optimization heuristics and how to use them for portfolio selection and in calibration of estimation and option pricing models. Such practical examples allow readers to learn the steps for solving specific problems and apply these steps to others. At the same time, the applications are relevant enough to make the book a useful reference. Matlab and R sample code is provided in the text and can be downloaded from the book's website.

Shows ways to build and implement tools that help test ideas Focuses on the application of heuristics; standard methods receive limited attention Presents as separate chapters problems from portfolio optimization, estimation of econometric models, and calibration of option pricing models

Mathematical optimization is used in nearly all computer graphics applications, from computer vision to animation. This book teaches readers the core set of techniques that every computer graphics professional should understand in order to envision and expand the boundaries of what is possible in their work.

Study of this authoritative reference will help readers develop a very powerful tool- the ability to create and decipher mathematical models that can better realize solutions to even the toughest problems confronting computer graphics community today.

Distills down a vast and complex world of information on optimization into one short, self-contained volume especially for computer graphics Helps CG professionals identify the best technique for solving particular problems quickly, by categorizing the most effective algorithms by application Keeps readers current by supplementing the focus on key, classic methods with special end-of-chapter sections on cutting-edge developments