John B. Conway – författare

This book is intended as a textbook for a first course in the theory of functions of one complex variable for students who are mathematically mature enough to understand and execute E - 8 arguments. The actual pre­ requisites for reading this book are quite minimal; not much more than a stiff course in basic calculus and a few facts about partial derivatives. The topics from advanced calculus that are used (e.g., Leibniz's rule for differ­ entiating under the integral sign) are proved in detail. Complex Variables is a subject which has something for all mathematicians. In addition to having applications to other parts of analysis, it can rightly claim to be an ancestor of many areas of mathematics (e.g., homotopy theory, manifolds). This view of Complex Analysis as "An Introduction to Mathe­ matics" has influenced the writing and selection of subject matter for this book. The other guiding principle followed is that all definitions, theorems, etc.

This book is intended as a textbook for a first course in the theory of functions of one complex variable for students who are mathematically mature enough to understand and execute E - 8 arguments. The actual pre­ requisites for reading this book are quite minimal; not much more than a stiff course in basic calculus and a few facts about partial derivatives. The topics from advanced calculus that are used (e.g., Leibniz's rule for differ­ entiating under the integral sign) are proved in detail. Complex Variables is a subject which has something for all mathematicians. In addition to having applications to other parts of analysis, it can rightly claim to be an ancestor of many areas of mathematics (e.g., homotopy theory, manifolds). This view of Complex Analysis as "An Introduction to Mathe­ matics" has influenced the writing and selection of subject matter for this book. The other guiding principle followed is that all definitions, theorems, etc.

This is the sequel to my book Functions of One Complex Variable I, and probably a good opportunity to express my appreciation to the mathemat­ ical community for its reception of that work. In retrospect, writing that book was a crazy venture. As a graduate student I had had one of the worst learning experiences of my career when I took complex analysis; a truly bad teacher. As a non-tenured assistant professor, the department allowed me to teach the graduate course in complex analysis. They thought I knew the material; I wanted to learn it. I adopted a standard text and shortly after beginning to prepare my lectures I became dissatisfied. All the books in print had virtues; but I was educated as a modern analyst, not a classical one, and they failed to satisfy me. This set a pattern for me in learning new mathematics after I had become a mathematician. Some topics I found satisfactorily treated in some sources; some I read in many books and then recast in my own style. There is also the matter of philosophy and point of view. Going from a certain mathematical vantage point to another is thought by many as being independent of the path; certainly true if your only objective is getting there. But getting there is often half the fun and often there is twice the value in the journey if the path is properly chosen.

Functional analysis has become a sufficiently large area of mathematics that it is possible to find two research mathematicians, both of whom call themselves functional analysts, who have great difficulty understanding the work of the other. The common thread is the existence of a linear space with a topology or two (or more). Here the paths diverge in the choice of how that topology is defined and in whether to study the geometry of the linear space, or the linear operators on the space, or both. In this book I have tried to follow the common thread rather than any special topic. I have included some topics that a few years ago might have been thought of as specialized but which impress me as interesting and basic. Near the end of this work I gave into my natural temptation and included some operator theory that, though basic for operator theory, might be considered specialized by some functional analysts.

This book illustrates connections between various courses taken by undergraduate mathematics majors. As such it can be used as a text for a capstone course. The chapters are essentially independent, and the instructor can choose the topics that will form the course and thus tailor the syllabus to suit the backgrounds and abilities of the students. At the end of such a course the graduating seniors should glimpse mathematics not as a series of independent courses but as something more like an integrated body of knowledge. The book has numerous exercises and examples so that the student has many opportunities to see the material illustrated and fleshed out.

This book covers topics appropriate for a first-year graduate course preparing students for the doctorate degree. The first half of the book presents the core of measure theory, including an introduction to the Fourier transform. This material can easily be covered in a semester. The second half of the book treats basic functional analysis and can also be covered in a semester. After the basics, it discusses linear transformations, duality, the elements of Banach algebras, and C*-algebras. It concludes with a characterization of the unitary equivalence classes of normal operators on a Hilbert space. The book is self-contained and only relies on a background in functions of a single variable and the elements of metric spaces. Following the author's belief that the best way to learn is to start with the particular and proceed to the more general, it contains numerous examples and exercises.

This rigorous textbook is intended for a year-long analysis or advanced calculus course for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students. Starting with detailed, slow-paced proofs that allow students to acquire facility in reading and writing proofs, it clearly and concisely explains the basics of differentiation and integration of functions of one and several variables, and covers the theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes. Minimal prerequisites are assumed, and relevant linear algebra topics are reviewed right before they are needed, making the material accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. Abstract topics are preceded by concrete examples to facilitate understanding, for example, before introducing differential forms, the text examines low-dimensional examples. The meaning and importance of results are thoroughly discussed, and numerous exercises of varying difficulty give students ample opportunity to test and improve their knowledge of this difficult yet vital subject.

This rigorous textbook is intended for a year-long analysis or advanced calculus course for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students. Starting with detailed, slow-paced proofs that allow students to acquire facility in reading and writing proofs, it clearly and concisely explains the basics of differentiation and integration of functions of one and several variables, and covers the theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes. Minimal prerequisites are assumed, and relevant linear algebra topics are reviewed right before they are needed, making the material accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. Abstract topics are preceded by concrete examples to facilitate understanding, for example, before introducing differential forms, the text examines low-dimensional examples. The meaning and importance of results are thoroughly discussed, and numerous exercises of varying difficulty give students ample opportunity to test and improve their knowledge of this difficult yet vital subject.

This rigorous textbook is intended for a year-long analysis or advanced calculus course for advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate students. Starting with detailed, slow-paced proofs that allow students to acquire facility in reading and writing proofs, it clearly and concisely explains the basics of differentiation and integration of functions of one and several variables, and covers the theorems of Green, Gauss, and Stokes. Minimal prerequisites are assumed, and relevant linear algebra topics are reviewed right before they are needed, making the material accessible to students from diverse backgrounds. Abstract topics are preceded by concrete examples to facilitate understanding, for example, before introducing differential forms, the text examines low-dimensional examples. The meaning and importance of results are thoroughly discussed, and numerous exercises of varying difficulty give students ample opportunity to test and improve their knowledge of this difficult yet vital subject.

Functional analysis has become a sufficiently large area of mathematics that it is possible to find two research mathematicians, both of whom call themselves functional analysts, who have great difficulty understanding the work of the other. The common thread is the existence of a linear space with a topology or two (or more). Here the paths diverge in the choice of how that topology is defined and in whether to study the geometry of the linear space, or the linear operators on the space, or both. In this book I have tried to follow the common thread rather than any special topic. I have included some topics that a few years ago might have been thought of as specialized but which impress me as interesting and basic. Near the end of this work I gave into my natural temptation and included some operator theory that, though basic for operator theory, might be considered specialized by some functional analysts.

This is the sequel to my book Functions of One Complex Variable I, and probably a good opportunity to express my appreciation to the mathemat­ ical community for its reception of that work. In retrospect, writing that book was a crazy venture. As a graduate student I had had one of the worst learning experiences of my career when I took complex analysis; a truly bad teacher. As a non-tenured assistant professor, the department allowed me to teach the graduate course in complex analysis. They thought I knew the material; I wanted to learn it. I adopted a standard text and shortly after beginning to prepare my lectures I became dissatisfied. All the books in print had virtues; but I was educated as a modern analyst, not a classical one, and they failed to satisfy me. This set a pattern for me in learning new mathematics after I had become a mathematician. Some topics I found satisfactorily treated in some sources; some I read in many books and then recast in my own style. There is also the matter of philosophy and point of view. Going from a certain mathematical vantage point to another is thought by many as being independent of the path; certainly true if your only objective is getting there. But getting there is often half the fun and often there is twice the value in the journey if the path is properly chosen.

This book is intended as a textbook for a first course in the theory of functions of one complex variable for students who are mathematically mature enough to understand and execute E - 8 arguments. The actual pre­ requisites for reading this book are quite minimal; not much more than a stiff course in basic calculus and a few facts about partial derivatives. The topics from advanced calculus that are used (e.g., Leibniz''s rule for differ­ entiating under the integral sign) are proved in detail. Complex Variables is a subject which has something for all mathematicians. In addition to having applications to other parts of analysis, it can rightly claim to be an ancestor of many areas of mathematics (e.g., homotopy theory, manifolds). This view of Complex Analysis as "An Introduction to Mathe­ matics" has influenced the writing and selection of subject matter for this book. The other guiding principle followed is that all definitions, theorems, etc.

This is the sequel to my book Functions of One Complex Variable I, and probably a good opportunity to express my appreciation to the mathemat­ ical community for its reception of that work. In retrospect, writing that book was a crazy venture. As a graduate student I had had one of the worst learning experiences of my career when I took complex analysis; a truly bad teacher. As a non-tenured assistant professor, the department allowed me to teach the graduate course in complex analysis. They thought I knew the material; I wanted to learn it. I adopted a standard text and shortly after beginning to prepare my lectures I became dissatisfied. All the books in print had virtues; but I was educated as a modern analyst, not a classical one, and they failed to satisfy me. This set a pattern for me in learning new mathematics after I had become a mathematician. Some topics I found satisfactorily treated in some sources; some I read in many books and then recast in my own style. There is also the matter of philosophy and point of view. Going from a certain mathematical vantage point to another is thought by many as being independent of the path; certainly true if your only objective is getting there. But getting there is often half the fun and often there is twice the value in the journey if the path is properly chosen.

Operator theory is a significant part of many important areas of modern mathematics: functional analysis, differential equations, index theory, representation theory, mathematical physics, and more. This text covers the central themes of operator theory, presented with the excellent clarity and style that readers have come to associate with Conway's writing. Early chapters introduce and review material on $C^*$-algebras, normal operators, compact operators, and non-normal operators. Some of the major topics covered are the spectral theorem, the functional calculus, and the Fredholm index. In addition, some deep connections between operator theory and analytic functions are presented. Later chapters cover more advanced topics, such as representations of $C^*$-algebras, compact perturbations, and von Neumann algebras. Major results, such as the Sz.-Nagy Dilation Theorem, the Weyl-von Neumann-Berg Theorem, and the classification of von Neumann algebras, are covered, as is a treatment of Fredholm theory. The last chapter gives an introduction to reflexive subspaces, which along with hyperreflexive spaces, are one of the more successful episodes in the modern study of asymmetric algebras. Professor Conway's authoritative treatment makes this a compelling and rigorous course text, suitable for graduate students who have had a standard course in functional analysis.

Functional analysis has become a sufficiently large area of mathematics that it is possible to find two research mathematicians, both of whom call themselves functional analysts, who have great difficulty understanding the work of the other. The common thread is the existence of a linear space with a topology or two (or more). Here the paths diverge in the choice of how that topology is defined and in whether to study the geometry of the linear space, or the linear operators on the space, or both. In this book I have tried to follow the common thread rather than any special topic. I have included some topics that a few years ago might have been thought of as specialized but which impress me as interesting and basic. Near the end of this work I gave into my natural temptation and included some operator theory that, though basic for operator theory, might be considered specialized by some functional analysts.

Functional analysis has become a sufficiently large area of mathematics that it is possible to find two research mathematicians, both of whom call themselves functional analysts, who have great difficulty understanding the work of the other. The common thread is the existence of a linear space with a topology or two (or more). Here the paths diverge in the choice of how that topology is defined and in whether to study the geometry of the linear space, or the linear operators on the space, or both. In this book I have tried to follow the common thread rather than any special topic. I have included some topics that a few years ago might have been thought of as specialized but which impress me as interesting and basic. Near the end of this work I gave into my natural temptation and included some operator theory that, though basic for operator theory, might be considered specialized by some functional analysts.

This textbook in point set topology is aimed at an upper-undergraduate audience. Its gentle pace will be useful to students who are still learning to write proofs. Prerequisites include calculus and at least one semester of analysis, where the student has been properly exposed to the ideas of basic set theory such as subsets, unions, intersections, and functions, as well as convergence and other topological notions in the real line. Appendices are included to bridge the gap between this new material and material found in an analysis course. Metric spaces are one of the more prevalent topological spaces used in other areas and are therefore introduced in the first chapter and emphasized throughout the text. This also conforms to the approach of the book to start with the particular and work toward the more general. Chapter 2 defines and develops abstract topological spaces, with metric spaces as the source of inspiration, and with a focus on Hausdorff spaces. The final chapter concentrates on continuous real-valued functions, culminating in a development of paracompact spaces.

This textbook in point set topology is aimed at an upper-undergraduate audience. Its gentle pace will be useful to students who are still learning to write proofs. Prerequisites include calculus and at least one semester of analysis, where the student has been properly exposed to the ideas of basic set theory such as subsets, unions, intersections, and functions, as well as convergence and other topological notions in the real line. Appendices are included to bridge the gap between this new material and material found in an analysis course. Metric spaces are one of the more prevalent topological spaces used in other areas and are therefore introduced in the first chapter and emphasized throughout the text. This also conforms to the approach of the book to start with the particular and work toward the more general. Chapter 2 defines and develops abstract topological spaces, with metric spaces as the source of inspiration, and with a focus on Hausdorff spaces. The final chapter concentrates on continuous real-valued functions, culminating in a development of paracompact spaces.