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Novel insights into Russian military thought—from the Crimean War to the war in UkraineThe development of the Russian military's strategic thought is an understudied and thus misunderstood subject in the West. Strategy in Russia encompasses the broader context of foreign and domestic policy as well as the military's ties to the country's leadership. The military's strategic thought is closely linked to Russia's existence as a state and explains patterns of Russian confrontation.In Russian Military Thought, the renowned scholar Gudrun Persson offers novel insights into Russian military thought on doctrine and strategy, from the Crimean War to Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Persson dismantles the simplistic notion that Russian military thought is "backward," instead presenting a deeper analysis of the drivers that influence the changes in Russian military strategy. Through archival research based on Russian language sources, Persson offers a multidisciplinary perspective, drawing on theoretical insights from history and political science that enable her to make a nuanced, qualitative analysis.This book will be essential reading for practitioners, scholars, and students who seek to understand the mind-set of the current Russian leadership and the constraints that shape Russia's future possibilities.

Heritage language (HL) learning and teaching presents particularly difficult challenges. Melding cutting-edge research with innovations in teaching practice, the contributors in this volume provide practical knowledge and tools that introduce new solutions informed by linguistic, sociolinguistic, and educational research on heritage learners. Scholars address new perspectives and orientations on designing HL programs, assessing progress and proficiency, transferring research knowledge into classroom practice, and the essential question of how to define a heritage learner. Articles offer analysis and answers on multiple languages, and the result is a unique and essential text-the only comprehensive guide for heritage language learning based on the latest theory and research with suggestions for the classroom.

Al-Kitaab Part One, Third Edition with Website is the second book in the bestselling Al-Kitaab Arabic Language Program. Part One uses an integrated approach to develop skills in formal and colloquial Arabic, including reading, listening, speaking, writing, and cultural knowledge. This comprehensive program is designed for students in the early stages of learning Arabic. The accompanying companion website–included with the book–offers fully integrated exercises to use alongside the text.FEATURES• Three varieties of Arabic—Egyptian, Levantine, and formal Arabic—presented using color-coded words and phrases• Over 400 vocabulary words in three forms of Arabic, side by side• Grammar explanations and activation drills, including discussions about colloquial and formal similarities and differences• Authentic texts that develop reading comprehension skills• Video dialogues and stories from everyday life in Egyptian, formal Arabic, and Levantine to reinforce vocabulary in culturally rich contexts, available on the Publisher’s website• Presents the story of Maha and Khalid in formal Arabic and Egyptian, and Nasreen and Tariq in Levantine• Arabic-English and English-Arabic glossaries, reference charts, and a grammar indexFor Instructors: Separate print Teacher’s Editions of the Al-Kitaab Arabic Language Program are no longer available. Instead, instructors should submit exam and desk copy requests using ISBN 978-1-64712-187-7. Instructors may request an answer key, which contains the answers to exercises found in the textbook, separately.

A comparative international perspective challenges conventional narratives about unacknowledged intervention"Covert action" is generally understood as politically motivated and plausibly deniable interference by one state in the affairs of another state. It includes propaganda, political or economic subversion, paramilitary action, and assassinations. Covert action is the most consequential and controversial form of secret statecraft, and it has become a ubiquitous feature of international politics. However, it is often sensationalized or seen through a narrow, US-centric lens.Covert Action challenges this conventional narrative and redefines secret statecraft by offering a groundbreaking comparative international perspective that explores the practice of unacknowledged intervention across twenty countries and a range of eras. Bringing together leading scholars from around the world, this volume moves beyond the American, and wider, anglosphere perspectives to examine covert action practices across states, regime types, and time.This book will be important reading for historians, political scientists, and policymakers, and it provides a foundational study of the hidden mechanisms of international power. It takes a global perspective and thus transforms the understanding of how nations truly interact behind the scenes, revealing covert action as a complex form of international statecraft.

Two principles capture the essence of the Catholic tradition on sexual ethics: that each and every marriage act must remain open to the transmission of life, and that any human genital act must occur within the framework of marriage. In the Catholic tradition, moral sexual activity is institutionalized within the confines of marriage and procreation, and sexual morality is marital morality. But theologians Todd Salzman and Michael Lawler contend that there is a disconnect between many of the Church's absolute sexual norms and other theological and intellectual developments explicitly recognized and endorsed in the Catholic tradition, especially since the Second Vatican Council. These developments include the shift from a primary static worldview to a historically conscious worldview, one that recognizes reality as dynamic, evolving, changing, and particular. By employing such a historically conscious worldview, alternative claims about the moral legitimacy of controversial topics such as contraception, artificial reproduction, and homosexual marriage can faithfully emerge within a Catholic context.Convinced of the central role that love, desire, and fertility play in a human life, and also in the life of Christian discipleship, the authors propose an understanding of sexuality that leads to the enhancement of human sexual relationships and flourishing. This comprehensive introduction to Catholic sexual ethics - complete with thought-provoking study questions at the end of each chapter - will be sure to stimulate dialogue about sexual morality between Catholic laity, theologians, and the hierarchy. Anyone seeking a credible and informed Catholic sexual ethic will welcome this potentially revolutionary book.

A penetrating analysis of weaponized information–one of the most pressing dangers to open societiesNow more than ever, communities across the world are integrated into a complex, global information ecosystem that shapes the nature of social, political, and economic life. The ripple effects of actors trying to manipulate or disrupt this information ecosystem are far more severe than the primary effects that are merely being felt in the information space. In fact, the weaponization of narratives has already shown its potential to transform the character of conflict in the twenty-first century.Subversion examines how malicious state and nonstate actors take advantage of the information space to sow political chaos. Andreas Krieg reveals how the coordinated use of weaponized narratives can achieve strategic-level effects through a six-stage process. Preying on vulnerable states and communities to find the fault lines within societies, these campaigns begin in the information space with an ultimate goal of producing tangible results (such as changes to policy or voting behavior, or spurring political violence). Krieg closely examines recent subversion campaigns by two states in particular, focusing on Russia’s interference in Western public discourse and the United Arab Emirates’s demonization of the Muslim Brotherhood as a terrorist organization. Subversion will provide scholars and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of one of the most urgent threats in international politics along with recommendations on how vulnerable communities can become more resilient.

Even before the wreckage of a disaster is cleared, one question is foremost in the minds of the public: "What can be done to prevent this from happening again?" Today, news media and policymakers often invoke the "lessons of September 11" and the "lessons of Hurricane Katrina." Certainly, these unexpected events heightened awareness about problems that might have contributed to or worsened the disasters, particularly about gaps in preparation. Inquiries and investigations are made that claim that "lessons" were "learned" from a disaster, leading us to assume that we will be more ready the next time a similar threat looms, and that our government will put in place measures to protect us. In "Lessons of Disaster", Thomas Birkland takes a critical look at this assumption. We know that disasters play a role in setting policy agendas - in getting policymakers to think about problems - but does our government always take the next step and enact new legislation or regulations? To determine when and how a catastrophic event serves as a catalyst for true policy change, the author examines four categories of disasters: aviation security, homeland security, earthquakes, and hurricanes.He explores lessons learned from each, focusing on three types of policy change: change in the larger social construction of the issues surrounding the disaster; instrumental change, in which laws and regulations are made; and political change, in which alliances are created and shifted. Birkland argues that the type of disaster affects the types of lessons learned from it, and that certain conditions are necessary to translate awareness into new policy, including media attention, salience for a large portion of the public, the existence of advocacy groups for the issue, and the preexistence of policy ideas that can be drawn upon. This timely study concludes with a discussion of the interplay of multiple disasters, focusing on the initial government response to Hurricane Katrina and the negative effect the September 11 catastrophe seems to have had on reaction to that tragedy.

The first book about Iran's shadowy Ministry of IntelligenceSteven R. Ward provides an accessible overview of Iran's Ministry of Intelligence (MOIS) and its focus on tracking and countering domestic dissent and perceived foreign-inspired sedition. The ministry's checkered record of effective intelligence operations includes a history of assassinations and human rights abuses. Developing a clearer picture of the MOIS is important for understanding how the Islamic Republic of Iran operates, seeks security, and competes with its adversaries.Iran's Ministry of Intelligence updates and improves on the paucity of available information about Iranian intelligence activities. The chapters in the book cover the MOIS's origins, leaders, structure and organizational culture, operations and tradecraft, foreign partners, cultural representations, and future outlook. The book also provides a significant examination of this contemporary intelligence agency that does not follow the model of Western organizations.Iran's Ministry of Intelligence will be of interest to scholars, students, and general readers of intelligence and Iran's history and politics. It will also be an important resource for national security and foreign policy practitioners.

An introduction to Putin’s formidable intelligence and security organizationSince its founding in 1995, the FSB, Russia’s Federal Security Service, has regained the majority of the domestic security functions of the Soviet-era KGB. Under Vladimir Putin, who served as FSB director just before becoming president, the agency has grown to be one of the most powerful and favored organizations in Russia. The FSB not only conducts internal security but also has primacy in intelligence operations in former Soviet states. Their activities include anti-dissident operations at home and abroad, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, criminal investigations of crimes against the state, and guarding Russia’s borders.In The Russian FSB, Kevin P. Riehle provides a brief history of the FSB’s origins, placed within the context of Russian history, the government’s power structure, and Russia’s wider culture. He describes how the FSB’s mindset and priorities show continuities from the tsarist regimes and the Soviet era. The book’s chapters analyze origins, organizational structure, missions, leaders, international partners, and cultural representations such as the FSB in film and television. Based on both English and Russian sources, this book is a well-researched introduction to understanding the FSB and its central role in Putin’s Russia.Concise Histories of Intelligence SeriesChristopher Moran, Mark Phythian, and Mark Stout, Series Editors

This unique study sheds light on the General Staff, the most important military institution in Putin's RussiaRussia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 shed light on the importance of understanding the Russian military, but also revealed how understudied and misunderstood it is. In The Russian General Staff, Oscar Jonsson analyzes and explains the role of the Russian General Staff—the brain of the Russian military. By understanding the functioning of the military's leadership and its relation to policy, the reasons for Russia's poor performance in the war become clear.The Russian General Staff provides an anatomy of this institution and its three core functions: developing military theory, commanding the Armed Forces, and itself playing the role of a political actor. Jonsson's analysis is rooted in over a dozen years of research, fieldwork, and interviews on the Russian military. Moreover, he provides an empirical investigation into all recent Russian wars, from the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979 to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.Getting a better grasp of the Russian military's machinery is critical for both scholars and practitioners to better explain and manage the threats other nations face from Russia. This book is pertinent for all defense universities and courses in Russian area studies and security studies, which will benefit from its unique contribution to Russian military studies.

The definitive history of go-go music and cultureGo-go is the heart and soul of Washington, DC's African American culture—a source of resilience for the community and a way to celebrate Black lives. As the soundtrack of the District since the mid-1970s, go-go was designated the official music of Washington in 2020, and it has been incorporated into music genres such as hip-hop and R&B for decades.Crankin! offers a rich narrative packed with photos that highlight go-go's key figures, bands, and moments—spanning fifty years from its beginnings all the way to its central role in the #BLM protests in 2020 and the #DontMuteDC and Moechella movements. This sweeping history of go-go music culture details the life of Chuck Brown, the "godfather of go-go," and documents the history of the genre's early pioneers, Trouble Funk, Rare Essence, and Experience Unlimited (EU). The book also covers EU's 1988 number one hit, "Da Butt," go-go's gospel and grown 'n' sexy subgenres, go-go's international impact, the bouncebeat sound, go-go lifestyles, activism, and, finally, the homecoming as go-go artists brought Chuck Brown's African-inspired beat to Africa.Crankin! will entertain and inform fans of go-go as well as African American and American-created music; musicologists; scholars of American culture and subcultures; and readers interested in DC history.

The United Nations, which lacks its own peacekeeping force, faces three dilemmas when organizing a peacekeeping mission: convincing member states to contribute troops, persuading states to deploy troops quickly, and securing a troop commitment long enough to achieve success. The key to overcoming these challenges, Gary Uzonyi argues, is emphasizing the connection between peacekeeping and slowing the flow of refugees across borders. Finding Soldiers of Peace makes the case for this approach, which balances states’ self-interests with the United Nations’ goal of civilian protection. Through an analysis of post–Cold War UN peacekeeping missions, particularly interventions in Mali and Sudan, Uzonyi shows how member states often tie civilian protection rhetoric to efforts to keep conflict-driven refugees from crossing into their territory. Conventional wisdom holds that member states primarily engage in peacekeeping for payment or humanitarian reasons. Uzonyi proves otherwise, helping scholars and practitioners more accurately predict which member states are most likely to send support, where states may send assistance, when they might become involved, the size of their contribution, and their timetable for leaving. His research promotes practical strategies for the organization and execution of future missions that ensure member states stay invested in the outcome. A data-rich exploration of the UN response to humanitarian crises, Finding Soldiers of Peace shows how policymakers and practitioners can better strategize the execution of UN peacekeeping missions among diverse, and even contentious, stakeholders.

Sayyidi wa Habibi (My Master and My Love) is a novel by acclaimed Lebanese author Hoda Barakat, abridged in the original Arabic in this volume for learners of Arabic at the advanced low proficiency level. Designed as a supplementary text that adds variety and fun to a regular course on Arabic, it is complete with exercises that guide learners through the story and help them improve their Arabic skills, introducing learners of the language to the world of contemporary Arabic literature and improving their knowledge of Arabic culture. Set against the backdrop of the Lebanese Civil War, this intriguing novel relates the struggles of Wadie, a young man who leaves school and becomes corrupted by crime, and his wife, Samia, who flees with him to Cyprus. Universal questions of existence are masterfully portrayed through eloquent prose that keeps readers engaged until the last line. Laila Familiar provides introductory materials, a short biography of the author, and exercises that develop linguistic and cultural competencies.Audio files of Barakat reading five passages from the work, along with a recorded interview, are available free on the press website in order to help students improve their listening skills. This authorized version of the abridged text of Sayyidi wa Habibi will be warmly embraced by college and university students of Arabic as well as by independent learners.

The first history of the fanzines that emerged from Washington, DC's highly influential punk communityDIY culture has always been at the heart of DC's thriving punk community. As Washington, DC's punk scene emerged in the mid-1970s, so did the "fanzines" that celebrated it. Before the rise of the internet, fanzines were a potent way for fans to communicate and to revel in the joy of fandom. More than just publications; they were a distillation of punk's allure, connecting the city to the broader punk community. Fanzines remain a meaningful, tactile, creative medium for punk fans to connect with like-minded people outside the corporate-controlled world.In Keep Your Ear to the Ground, the archivist and musician John R. Davis unveils the development of punk fanzines and their role in supporting DC's hardcore and punk scene from the 1970s into the twenty-first century. He sheds new light on DC's scene and highlights some of its key personalities, including many who are often left out of punk history, with high-quality images of rare zines and insights from numerous interviews with zine creators and musicians. This book vividly weaves together the origin of zines and their importance in underground communities.For punk enthusiasts, zine creators, American studies scholars, and anyone who has ever felt like an outsider, Keep Your Ear to the Ground traces how the unique environment of Washington, DC, helped zines thrive.

This book analyzes the evolution of Russian military thought and how Russia's current thinking about war is reflected in recent crises. While other books describe current Russian practice, Oscar Jonsson provides the long view to show how Russian military strategic thinking has developed from the Bolshevik Revolution to the present. He closely examines Russian primary sources including security doctrines and the writings and statements of Russian military theorists and political elites. What Jonsson reveals is that Russia's conception of the very nature of war is now changing, as Russian elites see information warfare and political subversion as the most important ways to conduct contemporary war. Since information warfare and political subversion are below the traditional threshold of armed violence, this has blurred the boundaries between war and peace. Jonsson also finds that Russian leaders have, particularly since 2011/12, considered themselves to be at war with the United States and its allies, albeit with non-violent means. This book provides much needed context and analysis to be able to understand recent Russian interventions in Crimea and eastern Ukraine, how to deter Russia on the eastern borders of NATO, and how the West must also learn to avoid inadvertent escalation.

Translated into English for the first time, this is a fascinating history of intelligence practices and their impact on great power rivalries in the early modern eraIn the sixteenth century, an intense rivalry between the Ottoman Empire and the Spanish Habsburg Empire and its allies spurred the creation of early modern intelligence. Translated into English for the first time, Emrah Safa Gürkan's Spies for the Sultan reconstructs this history of Ottoman espionage, sabotage, and bribery practices in the Mediterranean world.Then as now, collecting political, naval, military, and economic information was essential to staying one step ahead of your rivals. Porous and shifting borders, the ability to assume multiple identities, and variable allegiances made conditions in this era ripe for espionage around the Mediterranean. The Ottomans used networks of merchants, corsairs, soldiers, and other travelers to move among their enemies and report intelligence from points far and wide. The Ottoman sultans invested in the novel technologies of cryptography and stenography. Ottoman intelligence operatives not only collected information but also used disinformation, bribery, and sabotage to subvert their enemies.This history of early modern intelligence is based on extraordinary archival research in Turkey, Spain, Italy, Austria, and Croatia, and it provides important insights into the origins of modern intelligence.

Through the lives and love of Lilas and Ali, we see Algeria as it grows into its own independenceFor a young boy named Ali, the first few days of Algerian independence are tumultuous. The changes around him—a military coup, war with neighboring states, and new national values—seem to erupt all at once, both challenging and thrilling him. Just as his external world changes, so does his internal world, as the love between him and his classmate, Lilas, grows. The novel Blue White Green follows the two on their journey from adolescence to adulthood as their country recreates itself. As Lilas celebrates her newfound chance to go to school, participate in politics, and choose whom to marry, her impending roles as wife of Ali and mother of their child force her to confront how tradition continues to hold fast.Maïssa Bey's novel recounts three decades of Algerian history through the eyes of two children. Ali and Lilas watch their country gain independence, celebrate the victories of decolonization, and slide into a brutal civil war, all while negotiating their own experiences coming of age and falling in love.Beautifully translated by Erin Twohig, this novel is narrated with humor and keen cultural observations, and offers a unique perspective on a nation with a compelling postcolonial story, which until now has remained inaccessible to English-language readers.

An exploration of how memories of the Holodomor famine shaped Ukraine's national identity, existential threat perceptions, and resistance against RussiaFor many international observers of Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Holodomor is the most important story they have never heard. When the Ukrainian Sun Rises explores the domestic, international, and geopolitical implications of this 1932–33 genocide—an artificial famine in Joseph Stalin's Soviet Ukraine that killed at least 4 million people and changed Ukrainian society forever.Against the backdrop of the current war between Ukraine and Russia, Hook draws on multiyear ethnographic fieldwork across Ukraine, and probes the dynamics and legacy of the Holodomor through the eyes of today's Ukrainian leaders from the political, legal, activist, and academic fields. Never-before-published interviews uncover a paradox: Although this singular event nearly destroyed Ukraine, it also provided the narrative storyline by which contemporary leaders would one day seek to rebuild their nation.Now, as the Kremlin wages a new genocidal war against Ukraine, this book explains how memories of the Holodomor have shaped Ukrainian leaders' existential threat perceptions since 2014 and have sparked a postcolonial reclamation process that undergirds the country's stunning resistance today. This book will appeal to policymakers and those in think tanks as well as to students and scholars of international relations and anthropology.

This unique study sheds light on the General Staff, the most important military institution in Putin's RussiaRussia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 shed light on the importance of understanding the Russian military, but also revealed how understudied and misunderstood it is. In The Russian General Staff, Oscar Jonsson analyzes and explains the role of the Russian General Staff—the brain of the Russian military. By understanding the functioning of the military's leadership and its relation to policy, the reasons for Russia's poor performance in the war become clear.The Russian General Staff provides an anatomy of this institution and its three core functions: developing military theory, commanding the Armed Forces, and itself playing the role of a political actor. Jonsson's analysis is rooted in over a dozen years of research, fieldwork, and interviews on the Russian military. Moreover, he provides an empirical investigation into all recent Russian wars, from the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979 to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022.Getting a better grasp of the Russian military's machinery is critical for both scholars and practitioners to better explain and manage the threats other nations face from Russia. This book is pertinent for all defense universities and courses in Russian area studies and security studies, which will benefit from its unique contribution to Russian military studies.

"Spanish Phonology and Morphology" serves as an introduction to both the formal study of Spanish phonology and the framework of generative phonology.

A "Descriptive Grammar of Nepali" uses the theoretical framework developed by K.L. Pike.

Agard provides an historical comparison of the major Romance languages with a reconstruction of their common source and a chronological account of their development through changes and splits.

This handbook offers a synopsis of the regular changes that Latin words underwent in the course of their evolution into modern Romance languages (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and French, with their English cognates). Although it is intended for the nonspecialist, students of Romance philology will find it useful as a ready reference and as a source of abundant examples of Latin sound changes. The synopsis is presented in the form of separate alphabetical charts for each major sound change. The rules, stated as simply as possible, do not generally explain the evolution of the changes, but only the end results. For those desiring further information, there are notes after most rules outlining exceptions to or modifications of that rule and often sketching successive stages in the development of the sound. Several minor or sporadic sound changes are also treated in note form. Each chart is supplemented by a list of additional words illustrating the same sound change. "From Latin to Roman in Sound Charts" has been used successfully as a graduate level text for such courses as History of Spanish, History of French, and Romance Linguistics.

This study analyzes passive sentences in English and Portuguese which result from a post-semantic transformation applied when a nound, which does not play the semantic role of actor, is chosen as syntactic subject. Choice between a passive and its non-passive or active counterpart reflects differences in the distribution of information in the sentence as regards the relative importance of the latter's constituents for communication. Such distribution is analyzed in terms of Praque school theory, especially that involving the notions of communicative dynamism and the distribution of theme and rheme. The book concludes with a contrastive analysis of English and Portuguese passive sentence patterns which serves as the basis for observations on the teaching of Portuguese passives to native speakers of English.

This title compares the sounds, phonology, and prosody of General American English and Southeastern Brazilian Portuguese.

This is a strictly descriptive - or synchronic - approach to romance linguistics.

The editors and fourteen other research linguists discuss - in English and in Spanish - the African influence on Caribbean phonology, dominant sociolinguistic attitudes in Puerto Rico, and historico-legal aspects of bilingualism in colonial Hispanic America.

The scholar-editors and eight accomplished colleagues together offer views of phonological research on American Spanish.